1. How to make an Improvised
Refracting Telescope?
PANGASINAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

2. • What is a telescope?
– A telescope is a long instrument shaped like a
tube. It has lenses inside that make distant things
seem larger and neaer when you look through it.

3. ∞ To be able to make a much cheaper but high
quality equipments using materials that can
be found everywhere;
∞ To be able to magnify distant objects

4. • Scissors
• Electrical tape
• 3 Cartolina ( The thickest if possible)
• Glue
• Glue Gun
• Glue stick
• Stapler
• 2 Cans of Pringles ( One must be smaller in diameter than the other)
• 1 Magnifying glass with size of 8cm diameter
• 2 Magnifying glass with size 5 cm diameter

5. :
1. Gather all the materials.
2. Find a working area.
3. Start creating your own improvised telescope.
4. For the first layer, cut a cartolina according to the size of
the big can.
5. Roll the big can to the cut cartolina.
6. Use glue gun in pasting the cartolina.
7. Roll the other cartolina.
8. Insert the rolled cartolina into the big can.
9. Make a cylinder from the other cartolina for the second
layer.
10. Get two cartolina with same sizes then paste both of it
using a glue.

6. 11. Press gently then wait for few seconds to dry up then roll it.
12. Add electrical tape to combine both of the opening of the cartolina.
13. For the third layer, cut another cartolina according to the size of the
smaller can.
14. Use glue gun in pasting the cartolina.
15. Cut the excess cartolina.
16. Cut another cartolina for the inside of the can.
17. Use the stapler in tightening the cartolina
18. Put electrical tape to combine both opening of the cartolina.
19. Insert both sides of the small can with a 5 cm diameter magnifying
glasses then sealed it with an electrical tape.
20. Put the 8 cm diameter to the big can then sealed it with an electrical
tape.
21. Use an electrical tape to connect all of the three layers.
22. Put some designs.
23. Make sure that the lenses collimate to each other.

8. • Our concepts here are to make things and
simple heavenly bodies just like the stars and
moon to be magnified clearly so that you can
see far objects clearly and make the object
more closer to you. The type of the product
we use are very simple wherein you can buy
those things easily on market and they’re
cheap and some of them are being reuse
(pringles). Design was simple materials.

9. • Lenses are used to bend light
Disadvantages:
¾ chromatic aberration
- compensation by using multiple lenses
- long objective focal length
¾ huge mass:
lenses deform under own weight, 40in is
maximum size
¾ support for large lenses is not easy

10. ○ Central Obstruction - Refers to the secondary mirror present in certain telescope
optical systems that can add "noise" to the observed image.
○ Focal Length - The distance that it takes for the light passing through a refractor
objective.
○ F-Ratio - This is the ratio of the focal length to the diameter of the primary
objective. This tells you wether or not a telescope optical system is "fast" (low
focal ratios like F/5) or "slow" (long focal ratios like F/10). The higher the focal
ratio, the more magnification you acheive with a given eyepiece and the more
restricted your field of view becomes.
○ Aperature - The diameter of the primary mirror or primary objective. This is
crucial because it determines how much light enters the telescope's optical
system. The more light, the more detail you will see and the more resolution you
will have.
○ Collimation - The alignment of the telescope's optical components. This is
discussed further in the performance section.

11. Leader: Ma . Lalaine A. Santiago
Asst. Leader: Kanda T. Mina
Members: Ronald Paul Aragona
Mary Gwendolyn Bautista
Esther Joyce de Guzman
Nicole C. Dominguez
Marielle Dominique R. Garcia
Clark Japhet O. Oliver
Trisha Mae Sison