The document discusses several marine painters from different eras and locations, including their backgrounds and notable works depicting the sea. It covers American painters John Singleton Copley and Winslow Homer from the 18th-19th centuries; French painters Theodore Gericault from the early 19th century and Claude Monet, a founder of Impressionism; British painter Joseph Turner from the late 18th-early 19th century; German painter Caspar David Friedrich from the early 19th century; and Russian painter Ivan Aivazovsky from the 19th century, known as the greatest marine painter. Each artist's approach and style in capturing the power, mood, and subjects of the sea through paintings is summarized.

1. Marine Painting “ The fishermen know that the sea is dangerous and the storm terrible, but they have never found these dangers sufficient reason for remaining ashore.” Vincent van Gogh

2. Photography is a process, activity and art of creating still or moving pictures by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as a film , or an electronic sensor . Photography has many uses for business, science, art and pleasure. The word "photography" comes from the Greek “ phos ” - "light" + “ graphis ” - "stylus", "paintbrush“ ; or “ graphê ” - "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light." Traditionally, the products of photography have been called negatives and photographs , commonly shortened to photos .

4. John Singleton Copley 1738 - 1815 - an American painter, born presumably in Boston, Massachusetts - famous for his portrait paintings of important figures in colonial New England, depicting in particular middle-class subjects. His paintings were innovative in their tendency to depict artifacts relating to these individuals' lives - “ Watson and the Shark” is the1778 oil-on-canvas painting. It depicts the rescue of Brook Watson from a shark attack in Havana, Cuba - The original of three versions by Copley is in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

5. John Singleton Copley “ Watson and the Shark” 1778

7. The painting depicts a Negro, menaced by high seas, sharks, and a waterspout, stretched out in his disabled boat, helpless and resigned. “ Like the waves that toss him, he is an insignificant product of nature’s laws. His death, like the breaking of a wave, will be forgotten before the spray falls.” Winslow Homer “The Gulf Stream”

8. Winslow Homer “ Sunlight on the Coast”

10. Theodore Gericault “The Raft of the Medusa”

13. Claude Monet “Argenteuil”

14. Joseph Mallord William Turner 1775 – 1837 - British Romantic painter - phenomenal visual memory - particularly notable for his marine paintings - life-long absorption with the sea - constant observation and thorough knowledge of wave forms

16. “ The Slave Ship” - the forces of nature which punish the guilty are represented by the violent power of the sea and the strange sea creatures - is admired by the use of colour and the way in which sea and sky merge around the distant ship - i n the lower foreground hands of enslaved Africans can be seen still shackled

18. “ The Battle of Trafalgar” 18 24 “ The Fighting Temeraire Tugged to her Last Berth to Be Broken Up” 18 38

20. "What the newer landscape artists see in a circle of a hundred degrees in Nature they press together unmercifully into an angle of vision of only forty-five degrees. And furthermore, what is in Nature separated by large spaces, is compressed into a cramped space and overfills and oversatiates the eye, creating an unfavorable and disquieting effect on the viewer. ” Caspar David Friedrich This scene has been described as "a stunning composition of near and distant forms in an Arctic image“ “ Wanderer above the Sea of Fog ” - the human element is set in diminished perspective amid expansive landscapes “ The Sea of Ice”

21. Ivan Aivazovsky 1817 – 1900 - the most famous Russian seascape painter - spent his childhood in poverty - painted more than 6,000 seascapes and a large group of large paintings glorifying the Russian navy - spent much money for charity, especially for his native town - opened in Feodosia the first School of Arts (in 1865), then the Art Gallery (in 1889) - a member of Academies of Stuttgart, Florence, Rome and Amsterdam

22. “ View of Reval” He failed to draw landscapes, could not draw a man that’s why one can behold the true devotion to the marine power “ Battle of Chesma”

23. “ The Ninth Wave” - the marinist’s most impressive and well-known work - depicts a sea after a night storm and the people facing death in attempt to save themselves from the wrecked ship - warm tones suggestive of the future survival of the people - absolute technical perfection

24. “ Moonlight Seascape with Shipwreck” E volved his own method of depicting the motion of the sea – from memory, without preliminary sketches, limiting himself to rough pencil outlines

25. “ Fishermen on the Shore”

26. “ Brig “Mercury” Attacked by Two Turkish Ships”