Homeland Security Paradigm Shift.V3

Homeland Security

A Paradigm Shift and
Its Impact on Education
and Training
Ramon Martinez
Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Retired)

Homeland Security Defense Coalition
& Homeland Security University

“Protecting Your Country through Knowledge”

www.Homeland-Security-College.us

Approved for public release

Aug 25, 2005

Homeland Security: A Paradigm Shift and Its Impact on Education and Training

Ramon Martinez, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF (Retired), is Vice President of
Strategic Management at the Homeland Security Defense Coalition, and Vice
President of Region 2 at the Homeland Security University. Colonel Martinez
provides a well rounded leadership background. With almost three decades of
public management and private sector experience, Colonel Martinez
distinguished himself by providing solutions in the fields of national security,
homeland security, strategic management, workforce development, education,
capacity building, and professional ethics.

Colonel Martinez has a Master of Arts degree in Philosophy from the University
of California at Santa Barbara; a Master’s degree in Public Administration from
the University of Northern Colorado; a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy and
Geography from California State University at Long Beach; and an Associate in
Arts degree from Los Angeles City College. After receiving his commission
through the Reserve Officer Training Corps at the University of Southern
California, Colonel Martinez served a twenty-year military career in the regular
component of the US Air Force.

Colonel Martinez began his military career as a Missile Combat Crew
Commander and Instructor at the 90th Strategic Missile Wing at F E Warren AFB,
Wyoming. From there he was assigned to a dual position at the 1st Strategic
Aerospace Division/Test and Evaluation at Vandenberg AFB, CA, as the
Advanced Missile Systems Program Manager for the MX Peacekeeper Inter-
Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM), and as Test Director of Minuteman II and III
ICBMs. He later served as Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Department
Executive Officer at the US Air Force Academy teaching ethics, American
philosophy and philosophy of law, and authored for the Department of the US Air
Force Ethics and the Military Profession.

Colonel Martinez then served as Deputy Secretary at the Inter-American Defense
Board in Washington, DC, which is the military arm of the Organization of
American States. Subsequently, he went on to serve as a National Defense
Fellow at the University Of Miami Graduate School Of International Studies
where he published The Inter-American Defense Board Fosters Cooperation in

Homeland Security Defense Coalition; Homeland Security University 2


the North-South Magazine of the Americas, and authored a white paper for the
Department of Defense entitled An Archetype for European Security. Colonel
Martinez went on to win the Armed Forces Writing Award for an article entitled
United Nations Forces 2000.

Colonel Martinez then served as Chief of Latin American Strategy representing
the Commander-in-Chief of US Southern Command, General Barry R.
McCaffrey, at the White House, Congress, the Department of State, and the
Department of Defense. He culminated his military career as Director of the US
Southern Command Washington Field Office.

Upon retiring from the Air Force, Colonel Martinez entered the private sector as
Vice President at Genetics & IVF Institute in Fairfax, VA, where he successfully
delivered DNA technology solutions in the United States, Latin America, and the
Caribbean in the areas of criminal offender databases, infectious disease testing,
and paternity testing. Through extensive consultation with the presidents and
cabinet members of the Republic of Panama, Dominican Republic, Guatemala,
and Argentina Colonel Martinez then acted as a senior advisor to the legislatures
of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Republic of Panama in crafting
legislative bills and passing their respective DNA criminal offender database and
paternity testing laws.

Following the devastating terrorist incidents of September 11, 2001, as a private
consultant, Colonel Martinez worked on the initial Homeland Security efforts by
developing twenty lesson presentations based on manuals captured in
Afghanistan. These lessons were used to instruct federal, state, and local law
enforcement agencies on the profiles, recruitment, training, methodologies, and
objectives of terrorists.

Colonel Martinez then served as the Director of Strategic Planning at the South
Florida Workforce Board. He developed a strategic plan for the entire workforce
delivery system of Miami-Dade County and Monroe County, which the Board of
Directors unanimously approved for 2004-2008. Colonel Martinez took the plan
further and presented a Primer on Strategic Planning at the Florida Workforce
Summit in Orlando, FL, and conducted a work session on The Strategic Planning
Process at the Urban Academy for Welfare Reform in Minneapolis, MN.

Colonel Martinez is a member of the board of directors of Global Holding, Inc., a
U.S. transportation company with exclusive rights to market, sell, and distribute
Chinese manufactured autos and industrial cargo vehicles in the Western
Hemisphere, and sell U.S. manufactured executive jets in the Peoples Republic
of China.

You may contact Colonel Martinez at rmartinez@homeland-security-college.org



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction………………………………………………………………...... 6

Terrorism………………………………………………………………….….. 6

Homeland Security………………………………………………………….. 8

An Overview of Homeland Security Education and Training………....... 9

The Importance of the Workforce……………………………………..…... 10

Private Sector Involvement…………………………………………….….. 11

Violence in the Workplace…………………………………………………. 11

Paradigm…………………………………………………………………….. 12

A Paradigm Shift in Homeland Security...……………………………...... 12

The New Paradigm…………………..………………..……………..…..… 13

Homeland Security Defense Coalition and Homeland Security
University.............................................................................................. 16

Conclusion………………………………..…………………………………. 19



FIGURES

Figure 1 Homeland Security Circular Constant Learning Flow
Paradigm…….………………………………………………… 15

Figure 2 Homeland Security Discipline Matrix…..…………...…..….. 18



INTRODUCTION

For over a century, the conventional approach to developing security and
emergency management education and training focused on asset protection that
assume reactive responses to overarching incidents, emergencies, or other
extreme disaster situations. However, the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S. and
the July 7 and July 21, 2005, terrorist attacks in London are dramatically
changing the security and emergency management industry.

The threat of terrorism is driving the introduction of new and more innovative
strategies that favor more aggressive preemptive approaches to deter, intercept,
and obstruct terrorism. This paper evaluates the critical issue of terrorism,
discusses the nascent homeland security industry, presents a new paradigm for
homeland security, and relates its impact to education and training.

Security, in general, and emergency management have historically required
limited education beyond high-school. In many cases, associates or bachelors
degrees have sufficed for management. Although education and training up to
this point have served the purposes of past priorities, unfortunately they are
quickly proving to be inadequate and ineffective to the current tactics of terrorist
groups. Security and emergency management is not about simply preparing for
and reacting to a natural or man-made emergency, threat, or disaster; rather, it
consists in assuming the most extreme terror circumstance and preemptively
diffusing it before it becomes a disruptive situation.

TERRORISM

Terrorism is the random murdering of innocent people (called noncombatants) for
the expressed purpose of destroying the morale and undercutting the solidarity of
a nation or a class of people until they feel so fatally exposed that they demand
their governments to negotiate for their safety, and grant terrorist’s demands or
accede to their objectives. To spread and increase the rate of fear and anxiety
among the people, terrorists randomly target and expose people within that
nation or class of people to a violent death or injury, not because of their
individual conduct; rather, they aim at a nation or class of people precisely
because they share a collective identity. Terrorists commit the fallacy of guilt by
association.

For the terrorists, no one is immune from attack. They will kill anybody simply to
convey their message. The terrorists do not require the capability to eradicate an
entire nation or class of people; they only require generating the perception that a
nation or class of people are at risk. Terrorists randomly commit murder to a)
create the perception that a nation or class of people are extremely vulnerable to



death or harm at home or abroad; b) demonstrate they control the destiny of
others; and c) achieve their objectives.

The murder campaign conducted by terrorists reveal their true intentions; it is the
attempt to rob people of their unconditional worth and intrinsic value. Since
terrorism is the attempt to devalue the existence of people, terrorists are tyrants
who intentionally violate the moral law.

Terrorism occurred in the U.S. before 9/11. For example, prior to 9/11 the U.S.
sustained attacks via courthouse bombings; mail bombs; the Oregon salad bar
salmonella attacks; the Tylenol cyanide poisoning; sniper shootings, abortion
clinic bombings; the bombing at the World Trade Center on February 23, 1993;
and the Oklahoma City bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Office Building
on April 19, 1995.

By using inherently indiscriminate weapons that generate random effects,
terrorism makes everyone vulnerable and subject to an unjust attack. In
particular, the specter of catastrophic terrorism involving weapons of mass
destruction (WMD), such as nuclear, biological, radiological and chemical,
become the consummate weapons for terrorists.

Unlike natural hazards, terrorists are intelligent human beings that learn and
adapt to achieve their intentions. While the probability of using WMD is low, the
risk of terrorists acquiring a WMD generates the very fear and anxiety they want
to instill in a nation or class of people, even without using it.

Terrorists do exact a devastating cost to our society by using conventional tactics
such as handling commercial airplanes as guided missiles with bombs. Although
the element of surprise using commercial airplanes has virtually disappeared,
terrorists constantly look for weaknesses not yet used for exploitation.

The private sector currently is the point of attack with the greatest loss of people,
facilities, data, archives, and revenue. Statistical data published in the
Department of State report entitled Patterns of Global Terrorism 2001 illustrated
that terrorists attacked private sector facilities more frequently than any other
types of facilities. Additionally, the Insurance Information Institute published a
chart depicting that 9/11 resulted in business interruption in the amount of $11.0
billion; it was 27 percent of all estimated damage and the largest of the total
damage.

The message is clear: everyone is impacted by the threat of constant and more
invasive terrorism.



HOMELAND SECURITY

Homeland security is our national solution to terrorism as well as natural hazards.
Congress enacted two pieces of legislation in reply to and in anticipation of the
threats posed by terrorism. President George W. Bush signed into law on
October 26, 2001, the U.S.A. PATRIOT Act of 2001 (PL 107-56) entitled Uniting
and Strengthening America by Proving Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept
and Obstruct Terrorism. The Patriot Act authorizes law enforcement agencies,
particularly the attorney general and the Department of Justice, to deter and
punish terrorist acts in the United States and around the world by collecting
information on suspected terrorists, detaining suspected terrorists, deterring
terrorists from entering and operating within the borders of the United States, and
limiting the ability of terrorists to engage in money-laundering activities that
support terrorist actions.

On November 25, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Homeland Security
Act of 2002 (PL 107-296). This legislation established and activated on January
24, 2003, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as an executive branch
agency with the secretary reporting directly to the president. The Homeland
Security Act mandated establishing a safe and secure homeland by combining
22 federal entities, approximately 180,000 personnel, under the umbrella of DHS;
this is the most extensive federal reorganization since President Harry S. Truman
signed into law the National Security Act of 1947.

The National Strategy for Homeland Security, dated July 2002, defined homeland
security as…”a concerted national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the
United States, reduce America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the
damage and recover from attacks that do occur.” First responders will remain
responsible for managing the consequences of attacks, incidents, emergencies
or disasters; however, the National Strategy for Homeland Security further
recognizes that “an informed and proactive citizenry is an invaluable asset for our
country in times of peace and war.” To successfully protect our homeland, in the
end, each person, workforce member, organization, business, private security
company, public security organization, and community must contribute by helping
deter, prevent, and mitigate the risks of terrorist attacks.

As a new discipline and a nascent industry, homeland security continually invents
itself by anticipating, preempting, and reacting to the constant and more effective
terrorists’ techniques. Homeland security, therefore, requires a new paradigm
that is based on a circular constant learning flow of integrated proactive and
reactive solutions. Homeland security education and training organizations then
must develop and flawlessly deliver innovative programs and curricula based on
this new paradigm.



AN OVERVIEW OF HOMELAND SECURITY EDUCATION AND
TRAINING

Most universities and colleges promoting homeland security curricula fail in this
endeavor. They offer diluted versions of the hard lined reforms and the new
paradigm required in homeland security. Offered under the guise of a “new
program,” many university homeland security programs and curricula are simply
watered-down or slightly modified criminal justice programs or military science
courses. Yet these homeland security programs are developed under
unquestioned assumptions and misconceptions. Particularly, that homeland
security is the same as law enforcement.

Homeland security is more than policing, law enforcement, and emergency
management; it is about comprehensive asset security. While law enforcement
focuses on the maintenance of order and the enforcement of laws, homeland
security emphasizes ensuring tangible and intangible assets are not unduly or
inadvertently placed at risk. Therefore, law enforcement does not equate to
homeland security.

Moreover, most courses are offered under the reactive paradigm. The
universities do not design the courses and programs using a circular constant
learning flow of integrated proactive and reactive solutions with original strategies
and techniques. For example, a Washington Times article stated that the
University of Connecticut is offering a master’s degree in homeland security. The
article claims “Students will learn how to respond to disasters such as outbreaks
of diseases or terrorist attacks that endanger food supplies.”

The consequence is that students and workforce members are short-changed.
Knowing criminal law, crime scene investigation, police tactics, and emergency
management does not equate to proactively deterring and preventing the loss of
life and assets, and mitigating risks. Students only learn to prepare for and
respond to incidents, emergencies or disasters. As a result, homeland security
requires a different approach, different paradigm, different skill set, and distinct
education and training requirements.

On the other hand, private security firms claim to offer superior training
programs. While this may bear some truth, they do not have the credentials to
establish and sustain homeland security training programs since it is an infant
industry. For example, the security services profession is not a codified
profession. The profession does not have federal laws and national standards
that stipulate and enforce mandatory requirements. Furthermore, those private
security managers, instructors and employees with higher education were most
likely the same people instructed at criminal justice schools or attended military
science programs. More importantly, evidence indicates that all curriculum topics



emphasize reactive strategies rather than proactive contributions of workforce
members, organizations, businesses, and communities.

Finally, research conducted by Graeme, K. Deans, Fritz Kroger, and Stefan
Zeisel, in Winning the Merger Endgame (McGraw-Hill, 2002), disclosed that four
foreign owned companies account for approximately thirty (30) percent of market
share in the United States. The top four foreign owned companies are Swedish-
based Securitas North America, which owns Pinkerton, Burns and other
companies; Copenhagen and The Hague based Group 4 Falcks, which owns
Wackenhut Corporation; British owned Initial Security; and British owned AHL
Services. This highly suggests that these foreign owned businesses are in the
business of security, but not homeland security. Thus, they continue using and
teaching the reactive paradigm.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WORKFORCE

We entered the 21st century with trends emphasizing the importance of intangible
assets, in particular the contributions by our workforce, which sometimes is
referred to as human capital. They are truly the key to our prosperity and the
continued success of our national economy. Terrorists quickly recognize this fact
and intentionally attack the workforce to disrupt and destabilize our economy.
The World Trade Center attacks in 1993 and 2001 and the London attacks during
July 2005 are prime examples.

Although the workforce is a key terrorist target, the workforce is the neglected
component in homeland security. They receive inadequate training on security
and little to no proactive homeland security training. Effective training is an
educational, informative, and skill developing process resulting with employees
learning how to accomplish a task, project, or procedure. Empirical evidence
suggests that new employees are not trained; rather, they receive only a general
orientation, and unfortunately, people tend to learn little and retain less. While
security training should be a continuous, recurrent, and an ongoing program,
workforce members generally receive repeated instances of the original
orientation.

There exists a high probability that public and private sector workforce members
can significantly contribute to homeland security by proactively deterring,
preventing, and mitigating the risk of terrorism. They are on the front lines as
targets, and we have not taken advantage of educating and training the people
who can serve as witnesses or obstructers of such terrorist techniques or tactics.

Law enforcement agencies are responsible for obtaining, fusing, analyzing, and
disseminating “intelligence” everyday in the course of their operations to detect
events or activities that may have some national implications. However, the



workforce is a fundamental source of intelligence because they are the primary
agents to come into contact with possible terrorists and/or their activities. For
example, a Florida flight school instructor reported to law enforcement agencies
his suspicion that a student was possibly taking the course to perform terrorist
activities.

In order to be of any intelligence value, workforce members must know what to
look for and how to properly respond. This can be successfully accomplished
through a sound, comprehensive, and integrated formal education and training in
homeland security; presented in accordance with an instructor systems
development program; developed, overseen, and taught by counter-terrorism
experts; and specifically designed using the new homeland security paradigm as
the foundation.

PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT

The private sector assumes the increasing responsibility for fulfilling the demands
of homeland security. Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5, dated
February 28, 2003, recognizes the role the private and non-governmental sectors
perform.

The private sector owns approximately 85 percent of the infrastructure in the U.S.
Deterring attacks, dramatically decreasing the vulnerabilities, and increasing the
security of the private sector protects the largest portion of U.S. infrastructure
and economic viability. Corporate America must proactively take the steps to
deter, mitigate the risks, and prevent terrorist attacks on our homeland. To
successfully meet this challenge, the private sector must break away from the
conventional approach and use the new paradigm.

VIOLENCE IN THE WORKPLACE

Threats to people and assets are not new phenomena. Although we
experienced an increased awareness and concern for our well-being immediately
following the terrorist attacks of 9/11, violence in the workplace continues
unabated. Today’s workforce operates under continuous stress to do more with
less and of the fear of unemployment. As a result, workplace violence may occur
in any type of workplace environment.

Recent events involving disgruntled employees, visitors, upset customers, and
people with interpersonal conflicts include workplaces such as the post office,
office buildings, municipal buildings, insurance companies, legal offices, college
and university campuses, high school, and now even elementary schools. This



places a great responsibility and burden on the private and public sectors to take
every reasonable measure to deter, prevent, and mitigate the opportunity for a
violent episode. Violence in the workplace is a homeland security issue and
should be effectively addressed using the new paradigm.

PARADIGM

A paradigm is an accepted pattern of thinking, model, or framework used to
explain phenomena, interpret reality, or serve as exemplary solutions to acute
problems. Thomas Kuhn, in the Structure of Scientific Revolutions (The
University of Chicago Press, 3rd edition, 1996), defined paradigm as “On the one
hand, it stands for entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on
shared by members of a given community. On the other, it denotes one sort of
element in that constellation, the concrete puzzle-solutions which employed as
models or examples can replace explicit rules as a basis for the solution of the
remaining puzzles of normal science.”

Within the context of homeland security, a paradigm is the recognized exemplary
model the community of homeland security practitioners uses to solve a set of
problems within the profession, and functions as the foundation for furthering the
profession of homeland security, including the education, training, and
development of their successors and new recruits.

A PARADIGM SHIFT IN HOMELAND SECURITY

Kuhn coined the term paradigm shift to signify a change from one shared way of
thinking to another. A once useful paradigm becomes obsolete when it is unable
to account for challenges to the profession, cannot adequately supply clues to
solving the set of problems within a profession, and is incapable of guaranteeing
that the practitioners can excel in the profession. A paradigm shift occurs when a
new paradigm supplants or overtakes the obsolete paradigm.

The new paradigm for an effective homeland security program incorporates the
dual dimensions of proactive and reactive actions into a circular constant learning
flow. Proactive is a concept used in management textbooks since the 1970s.
But it is a disparaged term because many people misunderstand or misapply the
concept.

Proactive means taking action to achieve a desired outcome by projecting a
future picture. It is about deciding where we want to go regarding homeland
security, called our future picture; determining where we are in relationship to our
future picture; disclosing the barriers to achieving our future picture; establishing



the available courses of actions and allocating resources, communicating the
future picture and selected course of action; educating and training the workforce
to flawlessly execute and achieve the future picture; flawlessly executing the
selected course of action; and then communicating the lessons learned in order
to improve professionally and organizationally to achieve the future picture.

Absent the proactive dimension, homeland security remains trapped by the
conventional and now obsolete paradigm. Homeland security will be relegated to
responding to and managing the consequences of reported activities, incidents,
emergencies, or disasters. Instead of allowing someone or some event to
determine an outcome, we must think and take the necessary actions to achieve
and sustain our own way of life.

The tragic terrorism events at the World Trade Center on 9/11 and in London
during July 2005 painfully revealed the need to undertake a paradigm shift to
improve the security and safety of our nation. Homeland security is our national
solution and critical challenge. And, it requires integrating the efforts of the
public and private sectors to be proactive as well as reactive. But for homeland
security to be effective, the public and private sectors must empower its
workforce by educating, training, and developing them for flawless execution.

THE NEW PARADIGM

Figure 1 depicts the new homeland security paradigm as a circular constant
learning flow of six components existing within the dual dimensions of proactive
and reactive perspectives. It illustrates that the integrated proactive and reactive
perspectives are two sides of the same coin.

Component one establishes the foundation of the proactive perspective by
presenting a strategic management approach to homeland security. Since
success is planned, the paradigm begins by developing and communicating a
strategic plan, including policies, procedures, and standards. However,
organizations can only achieve success through leadership and flawless
execution of a strategic plan.

The second component demonstrates that educating, training, and developing
the workforce is crucial to successful homeland security. Workforce means
employees, volunteers, trainees, and other persons whose conduct, in the
performance of work for a covered entity, is under the direct control of such
entity, whether or not they are paid by the covered entity. Organizations create
an empowered workforce by educating, training, and developing them into a
capable workforce prepared to flawlessly execute the strategic plan.



The third component illustrates that an empowered workforce can significantly
contribute in deterring and preventing terrorism while helping to mitigate the risks
of terrorism. Although history suggests that terrorists as a whole are not
deterred, terrorist are adverse to operational risks. If they perceive that the risk
of failure is high, then it is highly probable the terrorists will be deterred from
executing their operation. An empowered workforce increases the risk of
operational failure for terrorists.

Components four and five comprise the reactive perspective of the paradigm.
Component four emphasizes having flexible, adaptive, and robust capabilities in
place in order to get the right resources, educated and trained responders, and
equipment to the incident, emergency, or disaster. This requires establishing an
effective response plan and program to cope with diverse circumstances when a
terrorist act occurs. Component five requires coordinating well and flawlessly
executing the response plan to manage and recover from the incident,
emergency, or disaster.

Component six is a proactive perspective because debriefing is the mechanism
for evaluating and improving the entire process of homeland security. Upon
completing emergency management and recovery, organizations critique the
execution of the plan(s), generate lessons learned, share gathered intelligence,
and use the debrief to modify, improve, or change the strategic plan. Serving as
the catalyst for establishing a learning organization, this component continues
the circular constant learning flow.



Figure 1
Homeland Security Circular Constant Learning Flow Paradigm

6. Debrief 1. Plan, Communicate,
and Lead

R P
E R
A O
C A
5. Manage and Recover T C
from the Incident, 2. Empower by
I T Educating, Training,
Emergency, or Disaster
V I and Developing the
E V Workforce
E

4. Respond to an Incident, 3. Deter, Prevent, and
Emergency, or Disaster Mitigate



HOMELAND SECURITY DEFENSE COALTION AND HOMELAND
SECURITY UNIVERSITY

As the people on the front-line, workforce members can significantly contribute in
deterring, mitigating the risks, and preventing terrorist attacks on our homeland.
Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University,
is uniquely organized to offer high level education and training in homeland
security.

We are the result of three years planning post 9/11. Unlike similar programs
appearing across the country, we specifically designed our certificate, diploma,
and degree courses and program to address the needs of the homeland security
industry; the needs of the current homeland security workforce; those individuals
seeking to enter the homeland security workforce; and members of the general
workforce. We recruited and continue recruiting national and international
counter-terrorism professionals

We Empower Your Workforce on Homeland Security

If knowledge is power, then shared knowledge is empowerment. Homeland
Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University, is in the
business of empowering public and private sector workforce members to
contribute in homeland security.

Our Mission:

We empower the workforce in homeland security by providing the most current,
best-in-class, and evidence-based education and training. We teach the
workforce to be proactive rather than simply reactive by using the homeland
security circular constant learning flow paradigm. We help protect the homeland
by sharing knowledge in counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism. Moreover, we
provide the necessary tools, methodologies, and skills to enable the workforce to
deter, mitigate the risks of and prevent terrorist attacks on our homeland; and
manage and recover from incidents, disasters, and emergencies when they do
occur.



Our Vision

Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland Security University,
will be the leading education and training provider in the professional fields of
homeland security, corporate security management, and private security service.
As a customer-driven, core-value directed, and an aligned and integrated
organization, we will develop and sustain a portfolio of services, programs, and
curricula that fulfill the needs of our customers while anticipating the future needs
of the homeland security industry.

Homeland Security Disciplinary Matrix

The disciplinary matrix is an analytic framework for identifying the key
components that education and training courses and programs should possess in
the nascent homeland security industry. Figure 2 graphically depicts the current
state of education and training institutes in the homeland security industry and
what customers can generally expect to receive from the entities in the market.

The horizontal axis identifies the range of crucial components the homeland
security education and training industry offers. There are eleven factors:

1. Strategic Management: a comprehensive understanding and
demonstrated application of strategic management throughout the entire
homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm
2. Managerial Education: the integration, understanding, and application of
management and leadership concepts, principles, and skills; and the
integration of security in the management of the private and public sectors
3. Proactive Perspective: the integrated proactive approach of planning,
communicating and leading a strategic plan; empowerment by educating,
training, and developing the workforce in homeland security; deterring,
preventing and mitigating the risk of terrorism; and debriefing an accident,
incident, or disaster.
4. Reactive Perspective: the response, management, and recovery of an
incident, emergency, or disaster
5. Counter-terrorism
6. Anti-terrorism
7. Development: inclusiveness in the development of the entire workforce
8. Degrees: undergraduate and graduate degrees in the field of homeland
security
9. Comprehensive Asset Security: the protection of tangible and intangible
assets; the promotion of a secure workplace environment; the mitigation of
the likelihood of loss or injury; business risk analysis; human resource
security; and global operations support



10. Critical thinking: the teaching and constant emphasis of sound reasoning
and problem solving throughout all disciplines and the circular constant
learning flow paradigm
11. Professional Ethics: the teaching of ethics; comprehending its
importance as the foundation of the profession; an understanding of
human conduct; the inculcation of human virtues; and the development
and application in core-values statements and code of conduct

The vertical axis reveals the level of offering customers will receive across each
of the fundamental factors. The higher the score the more an entity offers a key
component to customers.

Figure 2
The Homeland Security Disciplinary Matrix
100

90

80

70 Homeland Security University
60

50

40 Conventional University Education

30

20
Private Security Training
10

0
Strategic Management

Workforce Development
Counter-Terrorism

Professional Ethics
Comprehensive Asset Security
Proactive

We are Unique

Homeland Security University offers a sound, formal education, training and
development of the workforce in the homeland security discipline. We explicitly
use the homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm in designing
comprehensive and integrated programs and curricula. We educate and train
using the time tested instructor systems development program used by the US
Armed Forces.



Figure 2 illustrates that Homeland Security University’s value curve is distinct
from conventional university education and private security training approaches.
Our profile discloses that Homeland Security University excels in ten of the
eleven components of the homeland security discipline matrix. Thus, Homeland
Security University diverges from its competitors by creating a leap in value for
the public and private sectors: We empower your workforce in homeland
security.

Continually scanning the homeland security environment, Homeland Security
University reviews and updates its curricula to reflect significant changes,
research, and development. Extensive staff research and evaluation of
approximately 800 programs disclosed that these programs shared the same
antiquated criminal justice programs and military science programs, which did not
address the nascent homeland security profession. They barely scratched the
surface in addressing the homeland security disciplinary matrix.

Research further revealed that all college and university textbook publishers at
the time did not publish textbooks on terrorism and counter-terrorism. These
publishers asked us to write the textbooks. We accepted the task and our
counter-terrorism experts authored the textbooks. Furthermore, they develop,
oversee and instruct the courses. We have fully completed developing all
courses and programs.

Finally, we established cross-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary foci into our
homeland security program. Since homeland security is everyone’s concern, we
connect traditional and nontraditional partners from diverse backgrounds.

CONCLUSION

The devastating terrorist disasters of September, 11, 2001, immediately provided
the impetus for the United States to enact the Homeland Security Act of 2002. It
is the most extensive reorganization since the National Security Act of 1947.

The Homeland Security Act mandated creating the Department of Homeland
Security. It combined 22 entities in an integrated effort to establish and sustain a
safe and secure homeland, and to protect our way of life. Moreover, the
Homeland Security Act produced a nascent industry, which requires the focused
and coordinated effort of the federal government, state and local governments,
the private sector, and the entire workforce.

A paradigm shift in the security profession emerged because of the Homeland
Security Act. The new paradigm uses a circular constant learning flow of six
components existing within the dual dimensions of proactive and reactive
perspectives. Homeland Security Defense Coalition, through its Homeland



Security University is the “go-to” organization in educating, training, and
developing the workforce in homeland security.

Still bound to the old security paradigm, most universities and private security
services offer amended or slightly modified criminal justice programs or military
science courses. We lead the education and training industry by using the new
homeland security circular constant learning flow paradigm. Homeland Security
University empowers your workforce in homeland security.


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