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Transboundary Water Cooperation
     in the Sava River Basin




          Dr. Dejan Komatina,
           Secretary, ISRBC
Sava river basin




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            2
Sava river basin
   – Area: 97 713 km2 (the second largest Danube sub-basin; share: 12%)
   – Average flow at the mouth: 1722 m3/s                            (the
     largest Danube tributary; contribution: 25%)
   – River length: 940 km (594 km of which is the waterway)
   – Population: approx. 9 million

         Country                    Share of the    Share of the
                                     basin (%)      territory (%)
         Albania                        0.2               0.6
         Bosnia & Herzegovina          39.2             75.8
         Croatia                       26.0             45.2
         Montenegro                     7.1             49.6
         Serbia                        15.5             17.4
         Slovenia                      12.0             52.8
UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            3
Establishment of cooperation
•   Challenge 1
    – Need for economic development of the countries in the basin
    – Need (and obligation) for environmental protection of the basin
    – A well-balanced approach is necessary to use the potential and
      preserve the existing values simultaneously




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            4
Establishment of cooperation
•   Challenge 2
    – Consequences of the geopolitical changes in the region in the
      1990-ies
        • Sava turned from the largest national river into an international river
        • Water management got restricted to national level of the newly
          established countries

    – New, international framework
      is required for water management
      on the basin level




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            5
Establishment of cooperation
•   The Sava River Initiative
    – Launch of the Initiative:                              June 2001
    – Signing the Letter of Intent on Coop. in the SRB:   Nov. 29, 2001
    – Signing the FASRB:                      Kranjska Gora, Dec. 3, 2002
    – Est. of the Interim Sava Commission:      Brussels, March 12, 2003
    – Entering of the FASRB into force:               December 29, 2004
    – Est. of the ISRBC:                        Zagreb, June 27-29, 2005
    – Est. of the ISRBC Secretariat:             Zagreb, January 9, 2006


•   FASRB: the first development-oriented multilateral
    agreement concluded in the region after the agreements on peace
    and succession
UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            6
FASRB
•   Key objective:

                   Transboundary cooperation
             for sustainable development of the region


•   Particular objectives – to establish:
     – International regime of navigation
     – Sustainable water management
     – Sustainable management of hazards
       (floods, droughts, accidents, etc.)

•   Provides the ISRBC with the broadest scope of work among
    European int’l basin organizations (i.e. int’l river/lake commissions)

UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            7
Activities of the ISRBC
•   Coordination of:
    – Development of joint / integrated plans for the basin
    – Establishment of integrated systems for the basin
    – Development of economic activities (navigation, tourism)
    – Harmonization of regulation (national  EU)
    – Creation of additional protocols to the FASRB


•   Cooperation / stakeholder involvement / public participation




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            8
Key features of the approach
•   Cohesive, providing conditions for:
    – Cooperation of the countries after the conflict
    – Implementation of joint, basin-wide projects
    – Harmonization of national regulation, methodologies, procedures …
    – Enhancement of cross-sectoral cooperation on national level

•   Integrated
    – Geographical scope (whole basin)
    – Scope of work (sustainability + development)
    – Across the sectors of society (gov., non-gov., academic, business)

•   Transparent (public participation, stakeholder involvement)

UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            9
Key features of the approach
•   Aligned with UNECE conventions and EU regulation / strategies
     – Water Convention, Espoo Convention
     – EU directives (WFD, Flood Directive, INSPIRE, etc.)
     – EU Danube Strategy, EU 2020 Strategy

•   Subregional (“finer resolution” and complementarity of results with
    those obtained on a regional, Danube scale)

•   Pragmatic and practical – providing the Parties with concrete
    “products” (strategic plans, integrated systems, development
    programs, harmonized regulation)




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            10
Challenges to implementation
•   Differences between the countries
     – Status with respect to EU & eligibility for approaching funds
     – Level of economic development (financial resources)
     – Organizational structure in decision-making process
     – Environmental awareness of the public

•   Conflict of interests of different users of water                  (within
    a country / between countries / climate change)

•   Different legal capacity of the ISRBC in the fields of
    navigation and water management (different perception of the
    ISRBC decisions and recommendations by the Parties / national
    institutions)

UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            11
Challenges to implementation
•   Broad scope of the FASRB
    – Protocols are necessary to regulate specific issues addressed by
      the FASRB
    – Many focal points and good cross-sectoral coordination and
      communication within a Party are needed
    – Lack of human and financial resources in the Parties
    – Considerable efforts are needed to raise awareness in the Parties of
      benefits and the importance of the existing cooperation




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            12
Conclusions
•   FASRB appears to be a good framework for Integrated TWRM

•   High demand for resources and permanent joint efforts of
    the Parties

•   Considerable benefit for the Parties

•   FASRB provides a good basis for the progress towards the
    achievement of the key objective – sustainable development of
    the Sava river basin




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            13
Contact information
International Sava River Basin Commission
Kneza Branimira 29
10000 Zagreb
Croatia




www.savacommission.org




UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013
                                                            14 14

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Sava River Commission

  • 1. Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Sava River Basin Dr. Dejan Komatina, Secretary, ISRBC
  • 2. Sava river basin UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 2
  • 3. Sava river basin – Area: 97 713 km2 (the second largest Danube sub-basin; share: 12%) – Average flow at the mouth: 1722 m3/s (the largest Danube tributary; contribution: 25%) – River length: 940 km (594 km of which is the waterway) – Population: approx. 9 million Country Share of the Share of the basin (%) territory (%) Albania 0.2 0.6 Bosnia & Herzegovina 39.2 75.8 Croatia 26.0 45.2 Montenegro 7.1 49.6 Serbia 15.5 17.4 Slovenia 12.0 52.8 UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 3
  • 4. Establishment of cooperation • Challenge 1 – Need for economic development of the countries in the basin – Need (and obligation) for environmental protection of the basin – A well-balanced approach is necessary to use the potential and preserve the existing values simultaneously UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 4
  • 5. Establishment of cooperation • Challenge 2 – Consequences of the geopolitical changes in the region in the 1990-ies • Sava turned from the largest national river into an international river • Water management got restricted to national level of the newly established countries – New, international framework is required for water management on the basin level UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 5
  • 6. Establishment of cooperation • The Sava River Initiative – Launch of the Initiative: June 2001 – Signing the Letter of Intent on Coop. in the SRB: Nov. 29, 2001 – Signing the FASRB: Kranjska Gora, Dec. 3, 2002 – Est. of the Interim Sava Commission: Brussels, March 12, 2003 – Entering of the FASRB into force: December 29, 2004 – Est. of the ISRBC: Zagreb, June 27-29, 2005 – Est. of the ISRBC Secretariat: Zagreb, January 9, 2006 • FASRB: the first development-oriented multilateral agreement concluded in the region after the agreements on peace and succession UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 6
  • 7. FASRB • Key objective: Transboundary cooperation for sustainable development of the region • Particular objectives – to establish: – International regime of navigation – Sustainable water management – Sustainable management of hazards (floods, droughts, accidents, etc.) • Provides the ISRBC with the broadest scope of work among European int’l basin organizations (i.e. int’l river/lake commissions) UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 7
  • 8. Activities of the ISRBC • Coordination of: – Development of joint / integrated plans for the basin – Establishment of integrated systems for the basin – Development of economic activities (navigation, tourism) – Harmonization of regulation (national  EU) – Creation of additional protocols to the FASRB • Cooperation / stakeholder involvement / public participation UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 8
  • 9. Key features of the approach • Cohesive, providing conditions for: – Cooperation of the countries after the conflict – Implementation of joint, basin-wide projects – Harmonization of national regulation, methodologies, procedures … – Enhancement of cross-sectoral cooperation on national level • Integrated – Geographical scope (whole basin) – Scope of work (sustainability + development) – Across the sectors of society (gov., non-gov., academic, business) • Transparent (public participation, stakeholder involvement) UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 9
  • 10. Key features of the approach • Aligned with UNECE conventions and EU regulation / strategies – Water Convention, Espoo Convention – EU directives (WFD, Flood Directive, INSPIRE, etc.) – EU Danube Strategy, EU 2020 Strategy • Subregional (“finer resolution” and complementarity of results with those obtained on a regional, Danube scale) • Pragmatic and practical – providing the Parties with concrete “products” (strategic plans, integrated systems, development programs, harmonized regulation) UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 10
  • 11. Challenges to implementation • Differences between the countries – Status with respect to EU & eligibility for approaching funds – Level of economic development (financial resources) – Organizational structure in decision-making process – Environmental awareness of the public • Conflict of interests of different users of water (within a country / between countries / climate change) • Different legal capacity of the ISRBC in the fields of navigation and water management (different perception of the ISRBC decisions and recommendations by the Parties / national institutions) UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 11
  • 12. Challenges to implementation • Broad scope of the FASRB – Protocols are necessary to regulate specific issues addressed by the FASRB – Many focal points and good cross-sectoral coordination and communication within a Party are needed – Lack of human and financial resources in the Parties – Considerable efforts are needed to raise awareness in the Parties of benefits and the importance of the existing cooperation UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 12
  • 13. Conclusions • FASRB appears to be a good framework for Integrated TWRM • High demand for resources and permanent joint efforts of the Parties • Considerable benefit for the Parties • FASRB provides a good basis for the progress towards the achievement of the key objective – sustainable development of the Sava river basin UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 13
  • 14. Contact information International Sava River Basin Commission Kneza Branimira 29 10000 Zagreb Croatia www.savacommission.org UN-Water Conference on Water Cooperation, Zaragoza, 8-10 Jan. 2013 14 14