The document discusses the preparation of an environment management plan for the Ganga River Basin by a group of Indian Institutes of Technology. It provides background on the Ganga River Basin, describing its three segments: upper, middle, and lower. It outlines the institutes' mandate to restore the river's wholesomeness and discusses challenges and the precautionary approach that will be taken. Key elements of the management plan are identified including environmental flows, pollution management, and strategies for sustainable development.

1. September 26-29, 2011
14th International Symposium
Brisbane, Australia
Preparation of Ganga River Basin
Environment Management Plan
by
IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT IIT
Bombay Delhi Guwahati Kanpur Kharagpur Madras Roorkee
SWaRA WWF-India NEERI CFRI
BESU DU ISI Kolkata IT BHU JNU PU … … …
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

2. Ganga River Basin and the River Ganga
• Bhagirathi originates from the ice caves at Gaumukh
(N 30º55´, E 79º7´) at an elevation of 4100 m.
• Alaknanda, originates U/S of Badrinath
(N 30º44´, E 79º41´) at an altitude of 3123 m.
• These two meet at Devprayag.
Ganga River Basin: 907,000 sq km; Nepal, India and Bangladesh
Covering 11 States in India
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

3. Upper Ganga Segment (UGS)
294 km UP to Rishikesh in Hilly Terrain
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

4. Upper Ganga Segment (UGS)
 Flows on steep and narrow bed, mostly rocks
and boulders.
 Carries cold water, is subjected to much less
anthropogenic pollution.
 Has highly sensitive and fragile ecosystem
and biodiversity, and
 Most importantly considered to have
potential for harnessing hydropower.
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

5. Hydroelectric Projects in Bhagirathi River Basin
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

6. Hydroelectric Projects in Alaknanda River Basin
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

7. Middle and Lower Ganga Segment (UGS)
Middle Ganga≈ 1071 km Rishikesh to Varanasi
Lower Ganga ≈ 1145 km Varanasi to Ganga Sagar
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

8. Middle Ganga Segment (MGS)
 Enters and flows in plains, meandering mostly
on bed of fine sand.
 Has wide river bed and flood plain, and
 Most importantly modified through human
interventions in terms of huge quantities of
water diversion/abstraction and subjected to
high degree of pollutant loads from domestic,
industrial and agricultural activities.
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

9. Lower Ganga Segment (LGS)
 River has experienced considerable changes in
the sediment transport and deposition.
 Causes wide spread flooding.
 Undergoes frequent changes in her channel
path, and
 Most importantly is subjected to international
disputes on flows and interventions made
and/or are being carried out/planned.
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

10. MoA between IITs (MHRD) & MoEF
for
Preparing Ganga River Basin Environment Management Plan
(GRB EMP)
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

11. Our Mandate
Prepare GRB-EMP
which will restore Wholesomeness
of the River Ganga
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

12. Belief
The qualities of the Ganga water are:
Coolness, sweetness, transparency, high tonic
property, wholesomeness, potability, ability to
remove evils, ability to resuscitate from swoon caused
by dehydration, digestive property and ability to
retain wisdom
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

13. Challenge
Protecting the river system
 Continuously flow ( )
 Un-polluted Flow ( )
 Longitudinal, lateral and vertical connectivity
 Adequate space for various river functions
 Ecological entity
Adequate provision of soil, water and energy
Growing population, urbanization,
industrialization and agriculture
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

14. Our Philosophy
Can not afford to Experiment with River Like Ganga!
Precautionary Principles must apply wherever
knowledge gaps and uncertainties exist
Apply modern science and new technologies but
with traditional wisdom
Gyan Dhara + Jana Gyan
Supportive Capacity and Assimilative Capacity
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

15. Our Strategy
Thought Process: Whole to Parts
Working: Parts to Whole
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

16. Our Approach
Geomorphological Changes: Erosion, Sediment
Transport/Deposition And Floods
Water Resource Management
River with unique Ecosystem
and Biodiversity
Gangotri
Ganga Sagar
Environmental Quality and
Socio-Cultural Heritage Pollution

17. GRB EMP : Concept Map
EQP
WRM Literature
GRB FGM
(SOA)
EMP Methodolog
ENB y
* (MTH)
SEC
Main Area Data
PLG s (DAT)
Docume
GDM Analysis
nt COM (ANL)
PIC
EFL Suggestions &
Recommendations
(S&R)
Nirmal
Dhara
Aviral
Dhara Ecological
Goals & Restoratio Navigation &
Objectives n River Course Recreation
Work Development Water Resource Sustainable
Packages Development Flood Agriculture
Financial
Layout prevention
Strategy
Implementatio
Monitoring
n Schedule
Mechanisms

18. Point
Wastes
Non Point
Solid
Liquid
(non-point)
Domestic Agriculture
(non-point)
Industrial
Old
Cities Villages
New
Sewage Collection Treatment
Small Drains Open Defecation
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

19. The Mantra:
Thirteen actions are prohibited on approaching the scared waters of the
Ganga, namely:
 Defecation
 Ablutions
 Discharge of wastewater
 Throwing of used floral offerings
 Rubbing of filth
 Body shampooing
 Frolicking
 Acceptance of donations
 Obscenity
 Offering of inappropriate praises or even hymns in a
incorrect way
 Discarding of garments
 Beating and
 Swimming across, in particular
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

20. Unpolluted Zero
Flow Discharge
Cynical Unsatisfactory STP
Attitude Performance
Expensive/Unaffordable/
Energy Extensive ULBs !
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

21. Why ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?
Monthly Flow in Indian Rivers
50000
Ganga at Farakka
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1500
1000 Kosi at Turkeghat
Flow (Cumecs)
500
0
2000
Karnali at Benighat
1000
0
6000
4000
Narmada at Garudeshwar
2000
0
20000
Godavari at Polavaram
10000
0
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

22. Why ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?
Monthly Flow in Rivers Flowing Through Western Countries
600 Seine at Paris
400
200
0
2000
Nile at El Ekhsase
1000
0
Flow (Cumecs)
30
Colorado at Yuma, Arizona
20
10
0
30000
Mississippi at Vicksburg
20000
10000
0
300000 Amazon at Obidos
200000
100000
0
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

23. Why ZLD and Reuse/Recycle?
Monthly Rainfall & Number of Rainy Days in Ganga Basin
350
Uttar Pradesh 14 Bihar
350 14
No. of rainy days
300 12
No. of rainy days
Rainfall (mm)
300 12
250 10
250 10
Rainfall (mm)
200 8
200 8
150 6
150 6
100 4
100 4
50 2
50 2
0 0
0 0
Rainfall No. of rainy days Rainfall No. of rainy days
350
West Bengal 20
18
No. of rainy days
300
Rainfall (mm)
16
250 14
200 12
10
150 8
100 6
4
50 2
0 0
Rainfall No. of rainy days
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

24. "Environmental Flows are a regime of flow in a
river or stream that describes the temporal and
spatial variation in quantity and quality of water
required for freshwater as well as estuarine
systems to perform their natural ecological
functions (including sediment transport) and
support the spiritual, cultural and livelihood
activities that depend on these ecosystems"
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

25. E-Flows Concept
Flood
Year
Normal Year
Discharge
E-Flow, Normal
Year
Drought
E-Flow, Drought
Year
Jan
Mar
Feb
Apr
Jun
Jul
Aug
May
Oct
Nov
Dec
Sep

26. • Building Block Methodology
• Considerations
• Geomorphology
• Ecosystem Requirements
• Socio-Cultural Requirements
• Livelihood and Water Quality?
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

27. E-Flows Locations
S No Site Latitude, N Longitude, E
01 Jainwala 30°44'13.50" 78°21'9.85"
02 D/S Koteshwar Dam 30° 9'23.60" 78°36'6.78"
03 Kaudiliya 30° 4'24.54" 78°30'2.60"
04 U/S Rishikesh 30° 8'3.34" 78°20'28.99"
05 Balawali 29°38'8.60" 78° 6'26.27"
06 Garhmukteshwar 28°47'12.07" 78° 8'11.68"
07 Kachlaghat 27°55'5.52" 78°52'31.66"
08 Bithoor Ghat, Kanpur 26°37'40.44" 80°16'28.46"
09 Fatehpur 26° 2'15.92" 80°51'18.91"
10 Sitamari 25°14'10.95" 82°19'24.38"
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

28. E-Flows: Locations
S No Site Latitude, N Longitude, E
08 Bithoor Ghat, Kanpur 26°37'40.44" 80°16'28.46"
09 Fatehpur 26° 2'15.92" 80°51'18.91"
10 Sitamari 25°14'10.95" 82°19'24.38"
11 Maner 25°43'1.91" 84°50'9.93"
12 Ganga bridge 25°35'49.70" 85°14'35.34"
13 Bhagalpur 25°15'53.88" 87° 1'57.30"
14 D/S Kursela 25°24'13.39" 87°28'29.27"
15 U/S Farakka 24°56'9.51" 87°55'35.31"
16 U/S Dhulian 24°41'41.53" 87°56'43.45"
17 U/S Murshidabad 24°11'48.50" 88°15'33.50"
18 Katwa 23°38'33.23" 88° 8'44.36"
19 Kalna 23°13'23.47" 88°21'58.99"
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

29. Water Reduce
Resources Momentum –
Management Sediment Control
Ground Water
Recharge and Distributed
Enhance Base Storage
Flow
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

30. Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

31. Gangotri
Main Stem To
Flowing Farakka
Fluxex of C, N, P, S Fresh Tributaries
Mass balance Artificial
water Storages/Pondages
Natural
Farakka to Gangasagar
Transport of Elements Estuarine Hoogly - Matlah
Features of biochemical
Cycling Permanent
Wetlands
Interactions Functional Subsystems Transient
Components Diara Lands
Energitics Terrestrial
Riparian
Production
Consumptio Cultivated
n Ecosystems in Ganga Basin Forests
Grasslands / Scrublands
Structural Components Phytobenthos
Nutrient Producers
s Phytoplankton
Abiotic Biotic Macrophytes
Salanity
Chemical Consumer
Zooplankton
Decomposables Characteristi s
Macroinvertibates
Recalcitran
cs
Fish
t Flow Habitat Vertibrates
Sediment Higher Vertibrates
Dissolve Gases Decomposers Zoobanthos
Load
Toxicant Aquatic
s Culturable Bacterial Fungus
Non Culturable Extra Aquatic
Metals Pesticides
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

32. Demand Cropping Organic
Management Pattern Farming
Irrigation
Methods
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

33. National River !
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

34. River Valley Margin
Permissible
Space and Active
Activities
Flood Plain
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

35. Ganga Basin Information and Communication Network
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

36. River Basin
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA

37. Thank You !
Preparation of September 26-29, 2011
Dr Vinod Tare
GANGA RIVER BASIN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN Brisbane, Australia
INDIA