Sustainable financing in Africa: What do the Country Status Overviews tell us?
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1) Low income stable countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have made the most progress increasing access to water supply and sanitation between 1990 and 2008. 2) Connecting water sector planning and budgets to strengthened core government systems, like those used for national planning, budgeting, and civil service management, allows countries to expand access more effectively. 3) Ethiopia demonstrated strong service delivery pathways for both rural water and sanitation by linking sector plans and staff to decentralized local government financing and health sector promotion efforts.
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Sustainable financing in Africa: What do the Country Status Overviews tell us?
- 1. AMCOW Country Status Overviewsof water supply and sanitation 2010
- 2. Outcomes: Progress and remaining disparities Presentation overview $ Services Service delivery pathways The process by which finance is turned into services and how to improve it Finance: How much has been spent and where it is coming from
- 4. 95% of SSA population
- 6. Benchmarking service delivery pathways (scorecard)
- 8. Globally water supply coverage improves with GDP ...
- 10. Public interventions make a difference
- 13. in reducing open defecation in rural areas
- 14. in keeping up with population growth in urban water supply (except for SA)
- 15. have more equitable outcomes (access)
- 16. better quality of serviceRural water supply increase 1990-2008
- 18. in reducing open defecation in rural areas
- 19. in keeping up with population growth in urban water supply (except for SA)
- 20. have more equitable outcomes (access)
- 21. better quality of serviceReduction in open defecation in rural areas 1990-2008
- 23. CSO2 scorecard – benchmarks service delivery pathways and identifies bottlenecks Finance Services Enabling services Developing services Sustaining services Policy? Planning? Budget? Expenditure? Equity? Output? Maintenance/ Markets? Expansion/ Uptake? Use?
- 24. Senegal urban service delivery pathway Clear targets in national development policy + masterplan Defined roles with national asset holder (SONES) and single operator (SDE) overseen by Ministry PEPAM – WSS MDG planning and coordination unit Social connections policy for over 20 years Connected over 3.3 million people (112% of urban growth) with house connections (1990-2008) Tariffs at full cost recovery though accessing soft loans
- 25. Poor stable countries have the strongest service delivery pathways Strong CSO2 scorecard rating Enabling services Developing services Sustaining services Weak
- 26. More low income stable countries have had a PRSP process than countries in other groups... * Countries with that have received debt relief
- 28. Budget and expenditure management
- 30. Human resource management and civil service reform
- 31. Decentralized service delivery Connecting the water sector to core government systems positions countries to implement at scale
- 33. Protection of basic services program channelling funds to local government
- 34. Reformed budget and expenditure management system
- 36. Sector accessing increasing amount of block grants
- 37. Common implementation manual for development partners
- 38. RWS inventories though need to be updated regularly
- 39. Good targeting of new schemes to unserved populationSector systems
- 41. Protection of basic services program channelling funds to local government
- 42. Reformed budget and expenditure management system
- 44. MoU between Education, Health and Water
- 45. 8 of 14 modules on hygiene and sanitation promotion
- 46. Delivered through health line-ministry supported by 30,000 village health workersSector systems
- 47. Stages of service delivery pathway evolution
- 48. Objectives of sector reform at each stage
- 49. Matching the stage of evolution with aid modalities
Editor's Notes
- Compared JMP and country dataJMP -> water: 54% to 63%, sanitation: 27% to 34%Country data -> water: 46% to 58%, sanitation: 24% to 36%.
- Change to box chartsReducing open defecation in rural areas: LICNF 12%, LICF 7%, RR 3%Increasing urban sanitation coverage: LICNF > LICF and RR
- Change to box chartsReducing open defecation in rural areas: LICNF 12%, LICF 7%, RR 3%Increasing urban sanitation coverage: LICNF > LICF and RR
- Low income non-fragile countries received more aid per capita for each unserved person: 3x LICNF and 2x RRSouth Africa – aid very small % of overall spend <5% … 95% domesticNot possible to separate past ODA to sanitation from water supply
- Regional scores. Benchmarking of service delivery pathways done in each subsector in each country Policy (Targets in PRSPs, subsector policies, defined institutional roles)Expansion and uptake; Budget (sufficient, comprehensive, identifiable); Equity (criteria for matching need with resources, participation in planning, monitoring of equity)Ingredients – that depend on each other
- Benchmarking each subsector in each country
- LICNF have the strongest sector governance
- 11% to 62% according to Government figuresBuilding Service Delivery pathwaysUrban water supply: National utility Rural water supply: Unitary versus Federal systemSanitation: Inter-ministerial coordination.
- The service delivery pathways for sanitation are also notably weaker than those for water supply, Three factors warrant specific mention: First, despite wide acceptance that policy and program development in sanitation needs to be lead by a single designated government agency (e.g. eThekwini Declaration – Commitment 5) only a 1/3 of countries taking part in the CSO2 had achieved this initial step.Second, there remains considerable policy uncertainty about the countries’ position on sanitation subsidies. This leads to: Inconsistent practice in sanitation service delivery both across development agencies and between agencies and government. But, more importantly the lack of policy clarity undermines subsector investment planning. Misconception that no subsidy means no need for a public sector budget – no money for local government Third, monitoring the impact of public interventions to improve sanitation are all but absent. This monitoring is needed to understand and improve the relationship between public interventions and the quality and quantity of household uptake
- Project investment with TA to:Prime fragile state capacity for government-led service delivery – so that the sector engages in the PRSP process and accesses domestic resources when they become availableProgrammatic investment with TA for implementation support to: consolidate subsector service delivery pathwaysBudget support to: back subsectors that have completed the transition to government-led service delivery pathways
- Project investment with TA to:Prime fragile state capacity for government-led service delivery – so that the sector engages in the PRSP process and accesses domestic resources when they become availableProgrammatic investment with TA for implementation support to: consolidate subsector service delivery pathwaysBudget support to: back subsectors that have completed the transition to government-led service delivery pathways
- Project investment with TA to:Prime fragile state capacity for government-led service delivery – so that the sector engages in the PRSP process and accesses domestic resources when they become availableProgrammatic investment with TA for implementation support to: consolidate subsector service delivery pathwaysBudget support to: back subsectors that have completed the transition to government-led service delivery pathways
- WSP a different/new program -New Global Strategy: Scaling up services through knowledge, leveraging investments -Delivering results: RFs + Indicators and a performance monitoring system to track progress and results-Focused business areas