Obesity in Women presentation by Catherine Spong, MD
1. Catherine Y Spong, MD
Associate Director Extramural Research
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health &
Human Development (NICHD)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
2. Ihave no conflict of interest related to this
presentation
Ihave no relevant financial relationships
with any commercial interest relative to
the subject of this lecture
3.
4. Obesity: excess of body fat
Common Methods
Body Mass Index
Body circumference:
◦ Waist <85cm or < 35” for women)
Waist to hip ratio: >.91
5. Online BMI calculator: www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi
Weight (Kg)
Body Mass Index:
(BMI) Height (m)2
• Overweight BMI >25 – 29.9
• Obese BMI >30
obesity class I BMI 30 -34.9
obesity class II BMI 35 -39.9
obesity class III BMI >40
WHO 2000 and NIH
6. Obesity is the fastest-growing cause of disease
and death in USA
Over 60% U.S. adult women are overweight
Over 1/3 of overweight adult women are obese
The World Bank has estimated the cost of
obesity in the U.S. at 12% of the National Health
Care budget
7. 30% of reproductive age women are obese
Additional 25% are overweight
There has been a 70% increase in the proportion of
women who are obese at the beginning of
pregnancy
IOM 2009
Flegal 2010 JAMA 303:233-41
Kulte et al J Am Board Fam Med 2011;24:75-85
8. 34 million Americans are overweight
Increase from 1 in 8 (1991) to 1 in 5 (1998) are
obese
Women are generally at increased risk
Racial distribution (women):
◦ 45% Black
◦ 35% Hispanic
◦ 25% White
◦ 45% American Indian
9. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
10. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
11. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
12. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
13. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
14. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
15. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 2002
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
16. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
17. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25%
18. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
19. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
20. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
21. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
22. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
23. (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
28. Weight reduction of 5-7 % associated with:
◦ Lower blood pressure
◦ Improved cholesterol
◦ Lower risk of developing diabetes
Treatment must involve
- Multidisciplinary, culturally appropriate
approach as for most chronic diseases
- Focus on prevention especially at critical points
such as childhood, pregnancy and menopause
29. Obesity rates are rising, reaching concerning
levels in women and children
Impact on women’s health is dramatic
◦ reproductive
◦ long-term
Role
of technology and lifestyle
Complex as a health issue
◦ Solutions require diverse perspectives
Over 60 percent of U.S. adult women are overweight, according to 2007 estimates from the National Center for Health Statistics of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Just over one-third of overweight adult women are obese.
Look at how the national trend in obesity has progressed over the past 15 years. The CDC compiles this data on an annual basis, so back in 1996 every state in the union had <20% of obesity. Over the subsequent 15 years, every single state now has >20% and many are >30.
As the US population becomes increasingly obese while smoking rates continue to decline, obesity has overtaken smoking as the leading contributor to the burden of disease and shortening of healthy life in the U.S. L W. Rice, M.D.