P. Clemente - NHAZCA Open Day

NHAZCA OPEN DAY
ROMA
31 – 01 – 2013

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

P. Clemente

NHAZCA Open Day – Fenomeni di intsbailità geologica e strutturale
Roma, Sapienza Università di Roma, 31 gennaio 2013

INTRODUCTION
Monuments = the witnesses of history and of the historical environmental
phenomena, whose knowledge requires several centuries of observations

Earthquakes: the return periods used in the structural design are very long
History of Italian seismicity: reconstructed also thanks to the historical
documents, which reported descriptions about the damages of several
monuments

The analysis and interpretation of the historical documents should also
accounting for all the changes occurred on it, due to:
 Material degradation
 Changes in loads, Seismic actions, Traffic-induced vibrations
 Presence of other buildings

Historical Analysis
Analysis in the present situation (experimental and numerical analyses)
Check of the present structural capacity
Choice of a suitable intervention
PAOLO CLEMENTE – PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE


ENEA: CASE STUDIES
Monuments
 Flaminio Obelisk
 Antonina Column
 Traiana Column
 Colosseum
 Minerva Medica Templum
 Tempio Rotondo at Foro Boario
 Duomo of Orvieto Historical Centres
 Lateran Obelisk  Theatre building in Cerreto di Spoleto
 CEDRAV building in Cerreto di Spoleto
Historical buildings  Marchesale Palace in S. Giuliano di P.
 Hospidal of Pievepelago  Orsini Palace in Morlupo
 Villa Farnesina in Rome  C3 building in S. Giuliano di P.
 Civicl Tower in S. Martino in Rio
 Bell Tower at S.Giorgio in Trignano
 Basilica S. Maria Infraportas a Foligno
 S. Giuliano Church in S.Giuliano
 Piazza Italia School in Lagonegro


FLAMINIO OBELISK



MONUMENTS: VELOCITY VALUES

Monument Basement Top

Effective Peak Effective Peak
values values values values

Arco di Costantino 0,097 0,340 0,210 0,283

Tempio di Minerva 0,115 0,379 0,711 2,210

Colonna Antonina 0,026 0,064 0,130 0,284

Colonna Traiana 0,033 0,094 0,340 0,478

Anfiteatro Flavio 0,122 0,155 0,121 0,325

Trofei di Mario 0,072 0,128 0,069 0,245

Terme di Caracalla 0,032 0,075 0,164 0,395



COLOSSEUM



MINERVA MEDICA TEMPLUM



LATERAN OBELISK

Mode 1 NS Mode 2 WE Mode 3 NS Mode 4 WE
f = 1.27 Hz f = 1.27 Hz f = 6.15 Hz f = 6.73 Hz

surface

underground



VILLA FARNESINA

0.04
Verticale
0.03 Trasversale

Acc. (g)
Longitudinale
0.02

0.01

0
C D E F G
Punto di applicazione dell'impulso

1
Vel. (mm/sec) - P/Q/R/S
0.8
Verticale
0.6 Orizzontale

0.4

0.2

0
P Q R S

1
Vel. (mm/sec) - Verticale
0.8
P/Q/R/S
0.6 P"/Q"/R"/S"

0.4

0.2

0
P Q R S



MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES

0.10 0 .0 4 5 5
0 .0 4 0
Shake table 0 .0 3 5
C H 1 -C H 8 C 1
0.05 C 4 4
0 .0 3 0

Frequency (Hz)
C 7

CSD
0 .0 2 5
Acc. (g)

0.00 0 .0 2 0 C 9 3
5 10 15 20 25 0 .0 1 5

-0.05 0 .0 1 0
2
0 .0 0 5
0 .0 0 0
-0.10
0 5 10 15 1
Time (s)
-0.15 180
0
Phas e Factor

90
0.0015 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9

Shake table 0
20
-90
PSD (g^2/Hz)

0.0010 16
-1 80

Damping (%)
0 5 10 15
1 .0
12
0.0005
Cohere nce

8
0 .5

0.0000 4

0 5 10 15 20 25 0 .0
0
Freq. (Hz) 0 5 F re q . (H z) 10 15
C1 C4 C7 C9



HOSPITAL, PIEVEPELAGO (MODENA)

1.50E+02
1.00E+02 A8

Acc (cm/s^2)
5.00E+01
0.00E+00
-5.00E+01 7 9 11 13 15
-1.00E+02 t (s )
-1.50E+02
2.00E+02
1.50E+02 A9

Acc (cm/s^2)
1.00E+02
5.00E+01
0.00E+00
-5.00E+01 7 9 11 13 15
-1.00E+02 t (s )
-1.50E+02
6.00E+01
A1x
Acc (cm/s^2) 4.00E+01
2.00E+01
0.00E+00
-2.00E+01 7 9 11 13 15
t (s)
-4.00E+01
6.00E+01
4.00E+01 A1y
Acc (cm/s^2)

2.00E+01
0.00E+00
-2.00E+01 7 9 11 13 15
-4.00E+01 t (s)
-6.00E+01



BELL TOWER OF S.GIORGIO CHURCH, TRIGNANO

Ch5 Ch6
Ch4

3 cm offset

N
Ch2 Ch1
W E
Ch3
3.00E+02
S
1.E+00 3.2
2.70E+02
CH6 IA Freq. 1
2.40E+02 1.E-01
I [1-20]
3.0 Freq. 2
2.10E+02
I [5-10] y = -0.0512Ln(x) + 2.5272

Frequency (Hz)
CH5 1.E-02
Acceleration (cm/s^2)

1.80E+02
I [1-5] 2
2.8 R = 0.9366
IA (cm/s)

1.50E+02 1.E-03
CH4
1.20E+02
1.E-04 2.6
9.00E+01
CH3
6.00E+01 1.E-05
2.4 y = -0.0687Ln(x) + 2.215
CH2 2
3.00E+01 R = 0.9461
1.E-06
0.00E+00
2.2
1.E-07
-3.00E+01 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Time (s)
Earthquake Number IA (cm/s)



S. FRANCESCO IN ASSISI: SMA



DUOMO OF ORVIETO

Vel. (mm/s) ORV03301
1.5E-01
1.0E-01 a)
5.0E-02
0.0E+00
-5.0E-02
-1.0E-01
0 10 Time (s) 20 30

Vel. (mm/s) ORV03305
3.0E-01
2.0E-01 b)
1.0E-01
0.0E+00
-1.0E-01
-2.0E-01
0 10 Time (s) 20 30



CEDRAV, CERRETO DI SPOLETO

2,0E-02

Vel. (mm/s)
1,0E-02 a) Ch09

0,0E+00
-1,0E-02
-2,0E-02
0 10 Time (s) 20 30

3,0E-01
Vel. (mm/s)

2,0E-01 b) Ch09
1,0E-01
0,0E+00
-1,0E-01
-2,0E-01
-3,0E-01
0 10 Time (s) 20 30

1,0E-01
Vel. (mm/s)

5,0E-02 c) Ch09

0,0E+00
-5,0E-02
-1,0E-01
8 10 12 Time (s) 14 16

0,1 4,0E-03
cdrvch11 cdrvch28
Acc. (g)

2,0E-03
Vel. (m/s)

0 0,0E+00
-2,0E-03
-4,0E-03
-0,1
13 15 17 19
8 9 10 11Time (s) 12 13 14 15 Time (s)

0,1 8,0E-03
cdrvch09 4,0E-03 cdrvch15
Vel. (m/s)

Acc. (g)

0 0,0E+00
-4,0E-03
-0,1 -8,0E-03
8 9 10 11 Time (s) 12 13 14 15 13 15 17 19
Time (s)

0,1 4,0E-03
cdrvch01 cdrvch06
Acc. (g)

2,0E-03
Vel. (m/s)

0 0,0E+00
-2,0E-03
-4,0E-03
-0,1
13 15 17 19
8 9 10 11 Time (s) 12 13 14 15 Time (s)



LOCAL SEISMIC RESPONSE
stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in dorsale faglie certe

stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in piana faglie presunte
stazione accelerometrica della rete fissa ENEA

CERRETO
delibera MUNICIPIO colonia

faglia
municipio
cedrav

CERRETO
TORRE
riferimento
provinciale

CERRETO
CAMPO
cacciatore

case popolari
campo
sportivo
misia



LOCAL SEISMIC RESPONSE
stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in dorsale faglie certe
stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in piana faglie presunte
stazione accelerometrica della rete fissa ENEA

CERRETO
delibera MUNICIPIO colonia

faglia
municipio
cedrav

CERRETO
TORRE
riferimento
provinciale

CERRETO
CAMPO
cacciatore

case popolari campo
sportivo
misia



PALAZZO MARGHERITA, L’AQUILA



HISTORICAL BUILDINGS
 Designed without accounting for the seismic actions
 Vulnerable even to moderate events;
 Often characterized by:
 irregular shape, both in plan and in elevation,
 not effective vertical connections between the walls,
 in-plane flexibility of floor slabs,
 shallow foundations.

 Seismic rehabilitation is quite delicate:
 The safety factor should be high enough due to the daily
presence of tourists;
 The original monumental characteristics, identity and
historical value should be preserved.



TRADITIONAL TECNIQUES
 Are based on the increasing of strength and ductility,
 Are not suitable for the seismic rehabilitation of cultural heritage
buildings:
 Are often not reversible
 Make use of materials different and incompatible with the
original ones
 Determine changes in the original structural conception

Besides:
 Under earthquakes of high intensity, they can just guarantee
against the collapse
 They cannot avoid heavy damages to structural and non-
structural elements


SEISMIC ISOLATION

Is a suitable solution for the rehabilitation of historical structures
 Aims to reduce seismic actions,
 Avoid significant damages to the structure and its contents even
under strong earthquakes,
 Presents very low interference with the structure itself.

Seismic isolation was already used in the retrofit of existing
historical buildings



CITY HALL IN SAN FRANCISCO

Destroid by the earthquake of 1906
Recostructed in 1912
Damaged during the earthquake of
Loma Prieta in 1989
Retrofit, 2000 (530 LRB, 62 SD)


SCHOOL BUILDING IN VANADZOR, ARMENIA
Masonry building 4 levels (55 years)
Retrofit, by means of “Medium Damping
Rubber Bearings” (MDNB),
2002
(courtesy by prof. M. Melkumyian)



IRAN BASTAN MUSEUM (TEHRAN)

Onset of damage
agi = 0.024g

Collapse
agi = 0.24 g

PGA
ag = 0.5 g

(P. Clemente, A. Santini, M.G. Ashtiany)


BASE ISOLATION AT THE FOUNDATION LEVEL
Insertion of the isolation devices:
 just below the ground level of the building or
 just under the foundations

This solution:
 requires traditional work,
 is not very expensive,

But presents the disadvantages of
 requires the modification of the foundations,
 is not reversible.

It is not always applicable in practice for historical constructions.



S.I. STRUCTURE FOR EXISTING BUILDINGS
International patent by P. Clemente, A. De Stefano, G. Barla
Isolated platform under the foundations of the building, without
touching the building itself Earth

Gap

Rigid
connection

External Upper cilindrical
wall Internal sector
wall
Isolators Lower cilindrical sector
Inserted after removal of the Pipes inserted by means of auger boring
special elements of the pipes or micro-tunnelling technique; D ≥ 2 m


SISEB: INSERTION OF THE PIPES

 excavation of a trench at one side of the building
 Insertion of horizontal pipes by means of auger boring or micro-
tunnelling (no dig techniques);
Diameter of pipes ≥ 2 m, to allow the inspection.



SISEB: SPECIAL PIPES

 Have a particular shape;

 Are composed of two portions,
the lower and the upper sectors,
respectively, which are connected
by means of removable elements:
 Red elements: where the
isolators will be inserted
 Grey elements



SISEB: ISOLATION DEVICES

 Removal of the connection elements (red) placed in correspondence of
the isolation devices;
 Joining each pipe with the two adjacent ones (r. c. elements);
 Positioning of the isolation devices;
 Joining of the upper adjacent sectors at the isolator places;
 Removal of the other connection elements (grey), so the lower and
upper sectors are definitely separated;



SISEB: VERTICAL WALLS

 Vertical walls along the four sides;
 Rigid connection between the building and the isolation system, by
means of a concrete slab or other;



CONCLUSIONS

 New isolation system for the seismic retrofit of existing
buildings, based on the realization of a isolated platform under
the building foundation.

 The building and its architectural aspect are not changed and so
are the underground levels;

 Historical centers: also for complex structure.

 Tunnels for pedestrian or vehicles.

 Existing chemical and power production plants, including the
nuclear ones, in which separate buildings or components are
connected by complex lifelines, pipes and other links



PREVENTION = INFORMATION
BUILDINGS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND WITH A RELEVANT
PRESENCE OF TOURISTS

NON ANTI-SEISMIC
BUILDING



ENEA - ANDIL BUILDING AT SULMONA
Nuovo Centro Servizi Comunali:
muratura in laterizio con isolamento sismico
 architettura basata sull’uso di un materiale strutturale affidabile e
di moderne tecnologie antisismiche,
 risposta in termini di eccellenza ai parametri previsti dalla
normative per l’efficienza energetica e la sostenibilità ambientale.



END

Thank You


P. Clemente - NHAZCA Open Day

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