1. News Article taken from www.sciencedaily.com
Jan. 28, 2013

2.  Introduction
 What are Rapeseeds?
 Rapeseed Oil Health benefits
 Rapeseed Oil Used as Animal Feed
 Rapeseed Oil for Cooking
 Complications & It’s Alternets
 Rapeseed protein hydrolysates
 Experiment
 Soyabean v/s Rapeseeds
 CONCLUSION
 What is My Personal Recommandation ???
 Reference

3.  Today, more than 500 million people are
suffering from a lack of adequate protein in their
diet.
 Each year, the number of human beings
increases by 80 million, a figure which is
equivalent to the present population of Germany.
 Thus, providing enough food, particularly
sufficient protein for the increasing populace is a
challenging task for societies all over the world.

4.  On a prospective basis, a
progressively smaller proportion of
human protein requirement can be
provided by animal proteins such as
meat, eggs, and milk.
 Professor Dr Gerhard Jahreis,
nutritionist at Friedrich Schiller
University Jena (Germany), says that
“by feeding valuable plant protein to
animals, almost two third of it is
wasted as it is transformed into
animal protein."

6.  Rapeseed is an annual flowering plant belonging
to the mustard family.
 Rape, rapeseed, oilseed rape, rappi, rapa and
canola happen to be the other names with which
the rape plant is often associated with.
 Rapeseed oil had a distinctive taste and a
greenish colour due to the presence of
chlorophyll. It also contained a high
concentration of erucic acid.

7. Brassica napus

8.  It is cultivated mainly for its extremely
nutritious, oil-rich seed, the third largest
source of vegetable oil in the world.
 Rapeseed is one of the most important
oilseed crops cultivated in the world,
ranking fourth with respect to oil
production after soybean, palm, and
cottonseed.
 The main producing countries are China,
India and Canada, respectively.

9.  Rapeseed is rich in protein (between
30 and 45%), and therefore defatted
rapeseed meal may constitute a good
source of protein for humans.
 The oil that is drawn out from the
rapeseed plant seeds is called the
rapeseed oil.
 It is the particular variety known as
rapeseed canola oil that is primarily
used for cooking.

10.  Reduces the cholesterol level.
 Reduces platelet aggregation.
 Great source of ALA.

11.  Low in saturated fat and containing
both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty
acids in a nutritionally preferred
ratio of 2:1.
 In'Plant Based Nutrition and Health'
Stephen Walsh lauds rapeseed oil
as the most affordable source of a
balance between omega 3 and 6.

12. Fig 1: EU compound feed production by main ingredient

13. Fig2: Use of protein material by the EU animal feed sector

14.  The by product that is left behind after
the extraction of oil from the
rapeseed, serves as a nutritious
animal feed. This animal feed that is
full of proteins is great for cattle,
poultry and hogs.

15.  The presence of a high quantity of erucic acid in natural
rapeseed oil makes it slightly toxic for consumption by
humans.
 However over the years the plant’s hybrid was formulated by
Canada. Word soon spread about this consumable rapeseed oil
that contained little or no erucic acid.
 As such rapeseed oil is used as cooking oil throughout the
world. Edible rapeseed oil was termed as canola oil by the
Western Canadian Oilseed Crushers Association in the year
1979.

16.  Rapeseed oil is one of the oldest vegetable oils, but
historically was used in limited quantities due to
high levels of erucic acid, which is damaging to
cardiac muscle, and glucosinolates, which made it
less nutritious in animal feed.
 Unmodified rapeseed oil can contain up to 45%
erucic acid.
 Food-grade canola oil derived from
rapeseed cultivars, also known as rapeseed oil i.e.
low erucic acid rapeseed oil has been generally
recognized as safe by the United States Food and
Drug Administration.

17.  Canola oil is limited by government regulation to
a maximum of 2% erucic acid by weight in the
USA and 5% in the EU, with special regulations for
infant food. These low levels of erucic acid are
not believed to cause harm in human neonates.
 A variety of rapeseed developed in 1998 is
considered to be the most disease- and drought-
resistant canola. This and other recent varieties
have been produced by using genetic
engineering.
 In 2009, 90% of the rapeseed crops planted in
Canada were GM (genetically modified),
herbicide-tolerant canola varieties.

18.  Rapeseed protein hydrolysates have been obtained
with different proteases, such as Alcalase, Pronase, or
Neutrase in order to improve the functional
properties of the original proteins.
 Extensive hydrolysates to be used as food
supplements or in special medical diets have been
obtained as well.
 In recent years, protein hydrolysates are also
considered a source of bioactive peptides. These are
short-chain peptides, produced by enzymatic
hydrolysis, that can be absorbed by intestinal
enterocytes and reach the blood stream leading to a
biological activity that may be beneficial.

19.  For the study, cold-pressed rapeseed oil was firstly produced under
mild conditions. In cooperation with a Canadian Company, a protein
isolate extracted from the residue was used in a study involving 28
volunteers. The study participants consumed either rapeseed protein
isolate or soy protein isolate.
 After ingesting the protein meals, eight blood samples were drawn
from each participant and the postprandial amino acid response in
blood was analysed.
 Prof. Jahreis Concluded - the findings had shown that there is no
difference in the bioavailability between these two protein sources.
Thus, soy, mostly cultivated in South and North America, and
diversely used in the production of foods, can be fully replaced by
rapeseed protein harvested in Europe.

20.  Like soybean, canola contains both high oil
content as well as high protein content. It
contains about 40% oil and 23% protein
compared to 20 and 40%, respectively, for
soybean.
 Like soybean, when the oil is crushed out, it
leaves a high quality, high protein (37%)
feed concentrate which is highly palatable
to livestock.

23.  Currently, legislation in Europe prevents the
use of rapeseed protein for human nutrition. It
requires registration as a "novel food" by the
European Union.
 Ireland has already agreed to its use.
 In Germany, producers capable of isolating
rapeseed protein are already waiting in the
wings. The findings of the present study from
the research group at the University of Jena
represent a big step towards authorising
approval of rapeseed protein for use in human
nutrition.

24.  Canola protein isolate has been suggested as an
alternative to other proteins for human food use
due to a balanced amino acid profile and
potential functional properties such as
emulsifying, foaming, and gelling abilities.
 This is, therefore, a review of the studies on the
utilization of canola protein in human food,
comprising the extraction processes for protein
isolates and fractions, the molecular character of
the extracted proteins, as well as their food
functional properties.

26.  Siong H Tan, Rodney J Mailer, Christopher L Blanchard,
and Samson O Agboola; Canola Proteins for Human
Consumption: Extraction, Profile, and Functional Properties; J
Food Sci. 2011 January; 76(1): R16–R28.
 Por Justo Pedroche, María M. Yust, Cristina Megías, Hassane
Lqari, Manuel Alaiz, Julio Girón-Calle, Francisco Millán and
Javier Vioque; Utilisation of rapeseed protein isolates for
production of peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme
(ACE)-inhibitory activity; Grasas y Aceites 354 Vol. 55. Fasc.
4 (2004), 354-358
 http://www.uni-jena.de/forschung.html