1. Tassos Sarampalis 1

2. Chapters 8 and 9
2

3. 3

4. • Non-equivalent groups and historical controls
• Interrupted time series
• Single-case experimental designs
• Cross-lagged correlational designs
4

5. • Similar to real experiments
• Typically involve pre- and post-treatment
measurements
• But:
Without random assignment -> Groups are not
equivalent
5

6. also known as literature controls
• Easier
• Fewer ethical worries
But:
Caution because of selection and report bias
6

7. 14
8
13 4
7
12 3
6
11 2
5
10 1
97 100 103 106 109
4
107 110 113 116 119 122
0
118 120 122 124 126 7

8. 14 8 4
13 7 3
12 6 2
15
11 5 1
12 0
10 4
97 100 103 106 109 107 110 113 116 119 122 118 120 122 124 126
9
6
3
0
95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 8

9. Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 790 210 1000
Hospital B 900 100 1000
9

10. Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 790 210 1000 79%
Hospital B 900 100 1000 90%
10

11. Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 790 210 1000 79%
Hospital B 900 100 1000 90%
Fair Condition and Better
Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 580 10 590
Hospital B 860 30 890
Poor Condition and Worse
Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 210 200 410
Hospital B 40 70 110
11

12. Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 790 210 1000 79%
Hospital B 900 100 1000 90%
Fair Condition and Better
Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 580 10 590 98.3%
Hospital B 860 30 890 96.6%
Poor Condition and Worse
Lived Died Total % who lived
Hospital A 210 200 410 51.2%
Hospital B 40 70 110 36.3%
12

13. • A series of discreet measurements
• A clear definition of the beginning and ending
of the treatment
13

14. 14

15. 15

16. • Regular
N+1
N
• Seasonal
Autocorrelation Coeff.
0 Time lag 16

17. • Repeated observations, but on a single case
(or small number of cases)
17

18. A1 A2
B1 B2
time
18

19. A1 A2
B1 B2
time
19

20. A1 A2
Test-Retest Correlations
B1 B2
time
20

21. A1 A2
Test-Retest Correlations
Synchronous Correlations
B1 B2
time
21

22. A1 A2
Test-Retest Correlations
Synchronous Correlations
Cross-Lagged Correlations
B1 B2
time
22

23. A1 A2
Test-Retest Correlations
Synchronous Correlations
Cross-Lagged Correlations
B1 B2
time
23

24. 24

25. Simple = from the undivided population
Random = every sampling unit is equally likely
to be selected
With Replacement
Without Replacement
25

26. Stratified = First divide population into strata
Random = In each stratum, each unit is
equally likely to be selected
Advantage:
Reduced sampling error (improved accuracy)
26

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32

33. 33

34. 34

35. 35

36. 36