This slide discuss about Green Revolution: A Technological change in India

1. THE GREEN REVOLUTION
A Technological Change
Presented by – Group #9
Sandip Sinha - 2012SMN6667
Santosh Kumar - 2012SMN6722
Vivek Gupta - 2012SMN6719
Presented by – Group #9
Sandip Sinha - 2012SMN6667
Santosh Kumar - 2012SMN6722
Vivek Gupta - 2012SMN6719

2. Aims of this Presentation
 What is meant by "The Green Revolution“
 What are the basic inputs of the Green
Revolution
 How Technology brought green revolution
 Green Revolution in India
 Consequences of the Green Revolution

3. Introduction
 After WWII there was shortage of food to
World-wide which became very threatening
 United State had launched a food aid for
poorer countries
 Stated aim was to improve relation with other
countries
 Unstated goal of US was to find outlets for
agricultural surplus produced by US farmers
and enhance US geographical interests.

4. Inevitability of Famines
Neo-Malthusians
like Lester Brown
have
again warned of
impending famines

5. What is Green Revolution
• Increase in cereal productivity
by change in agricultural
technology”.
• “Green Revolution” technology
was developed by Norman
Borlaug in 1950s.
• Further research was enhanced
by “International Rice Institute”
in Philippines

6. Objective of Green Revolution
Increasing agriculture product
(obey purpose)
Waste dispostal
(hidden purpose)

7. Technologies used in Green Revolution
• Seed with improved genetic
• Qualitative expansion of
Farm Land
• Double Cropping of crop
• Pesticides
• Farming machinery i.e.
Tractors, electric pumps

8. Seed Selection-How was it done?
• Introduction of high-yielding varieties (HYVs)
– Modification of genes of plants and animals
for certain advantages resulting in hybrid
varieties.
– With genetic modification
• IR8 – a semi-dwarf rice variety developed
by the International Rice Research
Institute (IRRI) that could produce more
grains of rice per plant when grown with
certain fertilizers and irrigation.
• IR8 rice yielded about 5 tons per hectare
with no fertilizer, and almost 10 tons per
hectare under optimal conditions. This
was 10 times the yield of traditional rice.

9. How was it done? ( Cont..)
• Introduction of modern techonoloy
– HYVs were adapted to particular growing
conditions.
• Eg use of irrigation or various chemical
fertilisers
– With the help of modern technology HYVs
were capable of maturing faster.

10. Genetic Engineering

11. Expansion of farming areas
• The area of land under cultivation was being increased , but
this was not enough in meeting with the rising demand.
• Other methods were required to increase resources. Yet, the
expansion of cultivable land also had to continue.
• So, the Green revolution continued with this quantitative
expansion of farmlands, even though it was not the most
striking feature of the revolution.

12. Double-cropping existing farmland
• Double-cropping was a primary feature of the Green
Revolution.
• Instead of one crop season per year, to have two crop seasons
per year. The one-season-per-year practice was based on the
fact that there is only natural monsoon per year.
• So, there had to be two "monsoons" per year. One would be
the natural monsoon and the other an artificial 'monsoon’.
• The artificial monsoons were created by huge irrigation
facilities. Dams were built to arrest large volumes of natural
monsoon water which were earlier being wasted. Simple
irrigation techniques were also adopted.
• So many crops are raised on same piece of land in the same
season to avoid the risk factor or reduce the risk factor.

13. Model for analysis of mono Crop
for an Individual Year

14. Green Revolution in INDIA
• Started in the late 1960s. With the success of it, India attained
food self-sufficiency within a decade by the end of the 1970s .
• It was confined only to wheat crop and in northern India such
as Punjab.
• Developed new strains of high yield value (HYV) seeds, mainly
wheat and rice but also millet and corn.
• Swami Nathan from India and Borlaug from Mexico combined
high-yielding varieties with modern agricultural production
techniques.

15. Green Revolution in INDIA
 Introducing higher-
yielding varieties of seeds in
1965.
 Increased use of fertilizers &
irrigation.
 GOAL  make India self-
sufficient in food grains.
 India's "Green Revolution"
allowed RICH farmers to triple
their crop by using modern
science and technology.

16. Green Revolution in INDIA
• Because the diffusion of the Green Revolution was
confined to wheat crop and in northern India such as
Punjab, Haryana and the western part of Uttar Pradesh, it
could not raise rural income and alleviate rural poverty in
a wider area.

17. Need for Green Revolution (1/2)
• India promoted heavy industrialization,
especially after the second Five Year Plan
(1956-57 to 1960-61), leaving the agricultural
sector relatively neglected.
• Severe two years‟ consecutive droughts
attacked India in the mid-1960s. Agriculture
recorded

18. Need for Green Revolution (1/2)
• Import as much as 10 million tons of food (mainly
wheat) for the two years

19. Major Changes Adopted

20. High Yield Variety (HYV) Seeds
Use of HYV seeds-
Chart Title
100
90
80
70
60
Percentage
50
40
1974-75
30
1983-85
20
10
0
States

21. Consumption of Fertilizers

22. Uses of Tractors, Tubewell etc

23. Irrigation Techniques

24. Effects of Green Revolution
• Positive Effects
- Increase food production & Self Sufficiency
• The cereal production nearly doubled from 1965-1995
• Record grain output of 131 million tons in 1978-79.
• No other country in the world which attempted the Green Revolution
recorded such level of success.
• India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.
• Yield per unit of farmland improved by more than 30 per cent
between 1975 and 1980
• Created other employment by Crop areas under high-yield varieties
needed more water, more fertilizer, more pesticides, fungicides and
other chemicals. This spurred the growth of the local manufacturing
sector. Such industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the
country's GDP.
-Infrastructure Development –
• Increase in irrigation created need for new dams and other ancilliary

25. Green Revolution in Rice
The Green Revolution
in the Nineteen Sixties
in Wheat, Rice and
Maize: a message of
hope on striking a
balance between the
rates of growth in
population and food
production.

26. Growth Rate of Food Grain Production
Annual Rate of Growth of Food Grain Production from 1961-62 to 1985 -86
7
6
5
4
3
2 Rate of Growth
1
0

27. Effects of Green Revolution
Negative Effects
 Deteriorating soil quality
 Overuse of water
 Poisoning from biocides
 Decreasing genetic diversity