2. Challenges and advancements
… of software development
Advancements
New Project Management methodologies
New Software Development tools
New Testing tools
Other tools (Bug tracking, Code review, Project Management)
Challenges
Outsourcing y Offshoring
More sofisticated and changing needs
Cost reduction
Time-to-market reduction
4. Requirements
Functional
User involvement is
Usability critical
Platform
Technical
Costs
Documentation
Others…
5. Application definition: User-centred Design
“ User-centred design is a process in
which the needs, wants, and limitations
of end users of a product are given
extensive attention at each stage of the
design process ”
Wikipedia
6. User-centred Design: the Goal
The user is the king
The functional and user-experience requirements
are validated and tested with the users
7. User-centred Design: in Terms of Requirements
STANDARDS & NORMS BUSINESS
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS
OTHER USER USER EXPERIENCE
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS
8. User-centred Design: in Terms of Profiles
Project Managers
Business Analysts User Experience
Analysts
Technical Architects Web/mobile gui
Designers
9. User-centred Design Profiles: US Market trends
UX Designers
User Experience Web/Mobile Gui Designers
User Testing Analysts
Business/Functional Analysts
Business Analysis
Project Managers
11. User-centred Design: the Process
CONCEPTION
Abstract ANALYSIS & Planning out the objectives Project space, Project
PLANNING and goals, specifying schedule, Briefing
organisational requirements
CONCEPT & Definition of scope, user Personas & Scenarios,
REQUIREMENTS needs, content and Feature set
information requirements,
functional specifications
INFORMATION & Structural design of the Information
STRUCTURE information space to architecture, Interaction
DESIGN facilitate intuitive access to design, Prototypes,
content and features Progressive disclosure,
User paths, Navigation,
Visual hierarchy
VISUAL DESIGN Designing the presentation Typography, Colour
of information to facilitate Palette, Alignment …
COMPLETION understanding
Concrete
12. User-centred Design: Methods and Techniques
ANALYSIS & REQUIREMENTS
STICKY NOTES
Comparing notes is a useful tool to aid decision making. Ideas are written down on
individual sticky notes, weighed against one another and organised according to
priority or other criteria. This technique can also be used with users to get them to
put their considerations in order of importance.
USER REQUIREMENTS
It is vital to use all available resources to gather information about the users’
requirements. Successful projects use different sources of information: focus groups,
contextual or individual interviews, observation, surveys …
PERSONAS & SCENARIOS
A persona is an archetype comprised of habits and characteristics of the target
audience. Scenarios are little stories describing how typical user tasks are carried
out. They help to anticipate and identify the decisions a user will have to make at
each step in their experience and through each system state they will encounter.
13. User-centred Design: Methods and Techniques
INFORMATION, STRUCTURE & VISUAL DESIGN
RAPID VISUALISATION
Visualising ideas and concepts rapidly using pen and paper is helpful to
communicate them to the team and to test ideas quickly without investing time and
resources into polished design. Rough and unpolished looking sketches, wireframes
and storyboards encourage constructive feedback and stimulate discussion.
PROTOTYPING
Prototypes are models that can be used to evaluate responses to form (looks-like
prototype) or aspects of build and functionality (works-like prototype) of a product.
They typically evolve from concept sketches or wireframes to low and high-fidelity
models as they progress through the definition cycle.
USER TESTING
Evaluating a product by testing it with representative users helps to identify usability
problems by collecting quantitative data on the users’ performance (e.g. error rate)
and establishing their satisfaction with the product.
16. User Centred Design: Prototyping
USER
SCOPE & PLAN
REQUIREMENTS
PERSONAS &
USER TESTING
SCENARIOS
PROTOTYPING
17. Application Prototyping: Questions
Could you imagine VOLKSWAGEN
producing cars without designing
prototypes and testing these
prototypes?
Could you imagine IKEA producing
furnitures without designing prototypes
or proof of concepts?
18. The Value of Prototyping
1. It’s Generative
2. Show and Experience
3. Reduces Misinterpretations
4. Saves Time and Money
5. Reduces Waste
19. Common Application Definition Models
Requirements
documents
Wireframes Prototyping
All requirements Functional requirements Functional requirements
Difficult to communicate Easy to communicate Easy to communicate
Difficult to validate Difficult to validate Easy to validate
Difficult to get approval Difficult to get approval Easy to get approval
20. Wireframing to Prototyping
Wireframes
Documents
Small websites
Mockups
Documents
Intranets, Large websites
Prototypes
Documents
RIA, Mobile apps
21. Wireframe – Mockup – Prototype
LOW FIDELITY HIGH FIDELITY
Wireframe Mockups Prototypes/Simulations
High Interaction
Information architecture Desing & Clicks
Data Behaviour
Validation & Rules
Why to create Mockups & Prototypes?
To validated the king requirements
and get his engagement:
22. Tools for wireframes, mockups and prototypes
HIGH FIDELITY
LOW FIDELITY Design (Mockups) High Interaction
Data and validation
Powerpoint Photoshop HTML Justinmind
Visio Fireworks JavaScript
Omnigraffle
Web Tools
23. Prototypes and Applications
My recommendations:
Applications Prototypes
Small & Static websites From Sketchs to Clickable Mockup
Large Websites & Intranets Clickable Mockup
Rich Interactive Applications
High-Fidelity Prototype
Mobile Applications
ERPs
High-Fidelity Prototype
Business Applications
24. Barriers for Prototyping
We don’t have time for prototypes
We don’t have budget for prototypes
We need to change our design process
25. The Biggest Mistake
I want to reuse the code of my prototype
Why not?
It’s time to define the right solution !!!
It’s time to fast iterations and changes !!!
Are you sure you want the code before a
technical design (UML, Database design,…)?
26. Benefits of a Prototyping-oriented process
Prototype does have a cost. It’s not free
but …
Proposal are: 50 % accurate
Request for clarification from developers: 80 %
Amount of rework and bug fixes: 25 %
27. JUSTINMIND SOLUTIONS
If I can’t draw it…
I can’t understand it
Albert Einstein
If It can’t be experienced …
it can’t be validated
28. Justinmind Products
Products
Justinmind Prototyper: Prototyping and simulation tool
Justinmind Usernote: Allows to Publish prototypes, Get
Feedback from users and run User Tests
What kind of software can be prototyped?
Web Apps
Websites, Portals, Intranets
Smartphones (Iphone, Android, Ipad, Blackberry …)
SAP
29. Justinmind Prototyper
Professional Enterprise
Rich interactions
Custom widgets
Templates
Masters
Forms and datagrids simulation
Export HTML/Javascript
Generate specification documents
Customization of document generation
Requirements management
Import real data from csv files
30. Justinmind Usernote
Allows to capture and manage feedback from
users and customers and perform user tests
Publish prototypes
Review and validate prototypes
with the user’s web browsers
Conversational annotations over
the elements of a prototype
User testing tools integration
32. Usage scenarios
Functional Team Users
Team leaders, Key users
Business Analysts, UX Designers …
• Visual communication
• Business – IT alignment
• Avoid misunderstandings
Functional Team Development Team
Team leaders, Internal or external
Business Analysts, UX Designers … development team
• Prevent changes in critical stages
• Speed up time-to-market
• Avoid risks