Presented by Trevor Alvord at the Annual Conference of the Visual Resources Association, April 18th - April 21st, 2012, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Session: Archival Collections Case Studies
The digitization of historic archival collections can present a daunting array of challenges. Often archives were collected with poor documentation and little information about the creators or contributors to the collection. The processing of these archival collections sometimes requires special subject area expertise due to the content or special staffing considerations due to the sheer size of the project. This session focuses on three cases in which archival collections are being processed. Each presenter will discuss the special challenges within their own institutions’ collection and the solutions they have developed in such areas as copyright, workflow, cataloging, and assembling expert teams.
MODERATOR: Heather Lowe, California State University San Bernardino
PRESENTERS:
• Trevor Alvord, James Madison University
“Delivering oral histories”
• Claire Dienes, Metropolitan Museum of Art
“A 35mm collection assessment & digitization initiative at The Metropolitan Museum of Art”
• Shalimar Fojas White, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
“The Artamonoff Business: Using Collections Research for Outreach and Strategic Communication"
VRA 2012, Archival Collections Case Studies, Delivering Oral Histories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 1924: Southern Appalachian
National park Committee &
Shenandoah National Park
Association
1926: Congress passes bill
creating the National Park
6.
7.
8.
9. 1935: In December the Park
officially opens
1936: President Roosevelt
dedicates the Park in July
1939: Skyline Drive is
completed
10.
11.
12.
13. The Shenandoah National Park Oral History Collection, SdArch SNP, 1964-1999, consists of
135 interviews of people who were living in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia prior to
the creation of the Shenandoah National Park. The interviews conducted primarily by
Dorothy Noble Smith (now deceased) were part of her research for Recollections: The
People of the Blue Ridge Remember . Additionally, members of the Potomac Appalachian
Trail Club, park collaborators Eugene and Diane Zior Wilhelm, Darwin Lambert, and others
participated in conducting interviews.
Of the original 135 interviews donated to James Madison University's Special Collections by
the United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service 90, or 67%, were
accompanied with the proper release forms. This leaves only 45 interviews, or
33%, without.
Because 67% of the materials donated were accompanied with the proper documentation
we feel it is within reason and good faith to assume that at some point all of the proper
documentation was taken and did accompanied the oral interviews. And that through time
and the nomadic nature of the collection the documentation was severed and lost from the
present compilation of documentation currently housed in James Madison University's
Special Collections.
Further more we recognize the historic value of these interviews, not only to the research
needs of James Madison University affiliates, but also to the surrounding community, and
the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Therefore we propose placing in good faith all
135 oral interviews in their entirety, with accompanying transcripts and images, online in a
forum that is unrestricted to public consumption.
14. § 8.01-40. Unauthorized use of name or picture of any
person; exemplary damages; statute of limitations.
A. Any person whose name, portrait, or picture is used
without having first obtained the written consent of such
person, or if dead, of the surviving consort and if none, of
the next of kin, or if a minor, the written consent of his or
her parent or guardian, for advertising purposes or for the
purposes of trade, such persons may maintain a suit in
equity against the person, firm, or corporation so using
such person's name, portrait, or picture to prevent and
restrain the use thereof; and may also sue and recover
damages for any injuries sustained by reason of such use.
And if the defendant shall have knowingly used such
person's name, portrait or picture in such manner as is
forbidden or declared to be unlawful by this chapter, the
jury, in its discretion, may award exemplary damages.
B. No action shall be commenced under this section more
than twenty years after the death of such person.
§ 18.2-216.1. Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punishment.
A person, firm, or corporation that knowingly uses for advertising purposes, or for the purpose of trade,
the name, portrait, or picture of any person resident in the Commonwealth, without having first obtained
the written consent of such person, or if dead, of his surviving consort, or if none, his next of kin, or, if a
minor, of his or her parent or guardian, as well as that of such minor, shall be deemed guilty of a
misdemeanor and be fined not less than $50 nor more than $1,000.
15. SdArch SNP-23 Elza Cave March 30, 2009
Mr. Cave identifies his paternal grandfather as Henry Cave and his parents as Eliza Colvin Cave
and James Ashby Cave.
An online marriage record matches this information, confirms his birth year as 1907, his given
name as Elza, and his wife as Lula Breeden Cave.
GROOM: CAVE, ELZA ALFRED AGE: 19 POB: MADISON CO FATHER: CAVE,
ASHBY
MOTHER: CALVIN, ELIZA
BRIDE: BREEDEN, LULA AGE: 21 POB: MADISON CO FATHER: BREEDEN TOMMIE
MOTHER: CAVE, EFFIE
DOM: 1926 JULY 29 BOOK 2 PG 70
http://www.geocities.com/monsno_leedra/Madison_Co_Va.html
The marriage record indicates that Mrs. Cave was born around 1905, and the 1910 US Census
records a Lula Breeden, daughter of Thomas and Ethel, who was about 6 at the time.
The SSDI records several Lula Caves in Virginia, but none who were born around 1905 or who
were still living at the time of the 1978 interview. It does list a “Lulu” Cave, however, who
would match the available data on several different points.
Notas do Editor
Welcome to the Shenandoah National Park!
First I would like to introduce you to President Madison. Yes, that is an exact replica of James Madison who in life was 5 feet 4 inches, and weighed about 100 pounds. I am 6 feet 2 inches, and well lets just say well over 100 pounds.
As a better example: here is my 7-year-old son next to the President. You can see the difference. So, I was told that after the University placed the statue on campus some were not happy the former Presidents stature…
So to compensate the University commissioned this statue. Which of course is much more emblematic of his large intellect then his actual frame would suggest.
The project I would like to talk about today is a collection of oral histories from individuals and families who inhabited the area of the Shenandoah National Park before it officially became a park. Understanding the history of the Park is vital to placing the collection into its proper context.The movement to create a national park in the Blue Ridge Mountains officially started in 1924 with what were in essence two lobbing groups, the Southern Appalachian National park Committee & Shenandoah National Park Association. At this time the popularity of national parks out west was becoming evident and there was no national parks within a comfortable driving distance from Washington D.C.The Blue Ridge Mountains provided a perfect setting for the park, but a problem existed. People were living in the mountains and had been for generations.
To solve this problem a propaganda campaign was initiated. Through out the Mid-Atlantic region newspapers report how backwards and “unsophisticated” these “mountain people” were. It was said that most of the people still spoke Elizabethan English and lived in absolute squalor and poverty. The crux of the propaganda reasoned that the government would be doing them a favor by removing them from the mountain so they could be properly educated and integrated into society.This film is from the 1940’s, much later then the time period we are discussing. Although not native to the time period the rhetoric is very similar.
In 1926 congress created the National Park and the government went to work creating roads, trails, and removing (sometimes by force) the 450 families living in the mountains.In what I think must have been a backroom deal, the State of Virginia enacted eminent domain over the land, offer pennies on the dollar to those willing to sell, removed those who would not sell and then donated the land to the federal government.Image to the right is of Lessie Jenkins. On March 20, 1937 the Jenkins family was forcibly removed Lessie was five months pregnant while being carried off by Rangers.A common practice of the time was to burn or raze any structure or home to stop the people from coming back.
Top image is of the dedication by President Roosevelt in July 1936.Bottom image is of Skyline Drive, a road built mainly by the CCC which cuts through the middle of the park and stretches 105 miles.
How the park looks today
These images represent the two main challenges in working with the collection.The top image represent the technology, specifically how visually represent oral histories onlineThe bottom image represents the content which in the case is literally the mountain people of the park.
Left is the donation form giving the collection to James Madison University in 2001.Right is an example of the 90 release forms and accompany the collection.
This is a drafted memo approved by JMU legal council in regards to copyright of the oral histories. The main premises is that we will act in good faith to presume that at one point in time all of the 135 interviews had a release form and that over time the forms were lost. Therefore, we proposed to post all interviews unrestricted online.
We had cleared the copyright issues but because of these two Virginia law we still were not able to do a blanket unrestricting. The premises of the laws are that we cannot use a persons name or image in anyway without there permission. The law does expire after 20 years from the death of the person. However, the second law makes it clear that we cannot use someone's name or image for advertising purposes, and there is no end date for this law. Therefore, we cannot use any of the oral histories. Image is of Deland Taylor, a temporary park ranger.
Because Mr. Elzie Cave (pictured) had two oral histories in the collection we had to document his death (form to the left) because we only had one release form.The document to the right is somewhat morbid as it logs the death dates of all of the interviews we do not have release form for. With this list we are creating rolling access, as someone's death date reaches 20 years their oral history will be unrestricted to the general public.
A list of names, although not very useful to the researcher, we deemed important for the type of user we are expecting to use the collection. Mainly, those who had a personal connection to the park through ancestry, acquaintance, or friendship and are trying to reconnect.
A list of names, although not very useful to the researcher, we deemed important for the type of user we are expecting to use the collection. Mainly, those who had a personal connection to the park through ancestry, acquaintance, or friendship and are trying to reconnect.
The text heavy metadata is still available once you click on a name listed but not front and center so it does not bog down the type of users we are expecting to use the collection.
This video is of how the flash based player in MDID syncs the text and the audio together. The text is fully capably of being keyword search, in essence making the audio now searchable as well.
We were able to leverage the unique system and the historical importance of the collection to motivate JMU Public Affairs to write a press story. The story was latter picked up by the local newspaper.
Remembering at the first of the presentation and James Madison, although he was small in stature but large in intellect. Well the Madison Digital Image Database takes after its name sack. It may not have the present girth that CONTENTdm, DSpace, or other content management systems it by far makes up for that in its capabilities. After all, by using MDID we were able to link the imagery, audio, and wording of an oral history collection to usable and inviting visual display.