24. Marginal investment of implementing test routines for Redundant or backup system versus cost associate with SSO or CSO Mechanical or power failures as well as miscellaneous events (which account for 16% of all events) may be considered preventable spills due to lack or failure of the redundant or backup components. These events could also be avoided by diagnostic tests followed by corrective actions. Report to Congress, Impacts and Control of CSOs and SSOs. Publisher: EPA 833-R-04-001. Publish Date: August 2004.
25. Marginal investment of implementing test routines for Redundant or backup system versus cost associate with SSO or CSO The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) & Sanitary Sewer Overflow (SSO) Annual Reports 2006, 2007 and 2008. Avoidable Fails
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27. Marginal investment of implementing test routines for Redundant or backup system versus cost associate with SSO or CSO The average marginal investment of adding a DTR to new or upgraded lift stations was approximately $1,000 per pump station. If this rate is applied to the 359 lift station (Amount of Reported Lift Station of the State of Michigan). The total investment to include DTR will be approximately $359,000. Using the data to calculate the Net Present Value with a discount rate of 4.5% the investment associated with the DTR can be expected to be recovered between two to three approximately.
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