This document discusses global trends in animal feed and nutrition, and the role of enzymes. It notes rising demand for meat due to population growth and urbanization is increasing pressure on feed resources. Enzyme solutions can help address issues of resource scarcity, environmental impacts, and feed quality. The document reviews DSM's portfolio of feed enzymes including their effects, production methods, formulations to withstand pelleting, and ability to enhance nutrient availability and sustainability in animal agriculture.

1. Enzymes in Animal Nutrition –
Current and Future Developments
C Antipatis PhD
DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific
March 14, 2013

2. Global Trends
Population
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3. 2012/2013 Main Assumptions: Feed cost
Poor … but not disastrous EU harvest
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4. Increases in feed ingredient costs
(USD/tonne)
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5. ASA-IM
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6. ASA-IM
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7. Global Trends
Chicken Meat Production (adapted from FAOStat/GIRA)
per capita cons. kg / year
Production China India
mio tonnes
Actual 82.0 10 1
Required 83.3 11 1
Required 84.5 11 2
Required 106.0 20 10
2.5 Million tonnes of chicken meat is necessary to support a kg increase in per
capita meat consumption in China and India
Roughly
2.6 Million tonnes of corn
1.3 Million tonnes of SBM
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8. Fig SYN-GEN World Meat Consumption, 2008-2013(f)
Poultrymeat
280 000 Pigmeat Total: 240 mio t Total: 243 mio t
Sheepmeat (+1.1%) (+1.3%)
260 000
Beef & Veal
240 000
220 000
82 043 83 360
200 000 77 818 80 711 (+1.6%)
74 679 75 037 (+1.6%)
180 000
160 000
('000 t cwe)
140 000
120 000 100 619
99 123
93 227 95 939 98 600 97 882
100 000 (+1.3%) (+1.5%)
80 000
60 000 8 277 8 263 8 318 8 219 8 425 (+2.0%)
8 261 (+0.5%)
40 000
51 058 51 224
51 958 51 884 52 023 51 139
20 000 (-0.2%) (+0.3%)
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: GIRA Meat Club
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9. Current Trends
Can we afford the risk of ignoring the trends?
News Issue Opportunity
•Asia’s appetite for grain and other Rising food/
feed prices
feed/food raw materials
•Increased demand for meat (ca 2 – 3
%) due to high demand for animal Low quality
protein and increasing urbanisation of feed
the global population
Enzymes
•Quality systems to monitor the feed /
food chain
Sustainable
•Environmental issues-Impact of animal farming
farming on the environment and global
warming which can reduce production
yield of corn and soybean.
Global
•Competition for corn and other cereals warming
(starch) with the bio fuel industry
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10. Livestock Diet Composition
Corn Corn
Soybean meal Wheat
Sorghum
Wheat bran
Wheat bran
Copra meal Trend Rice bran
Poultry Corn gluten feed
Canola meal
byproducts
Animal byproducts Copra meal
Fish meal Palm kernel meal
Fish meal
AGP Soybean meal
AGP Lupins
Peas
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11. Current Issues
● Resistant starch
Nutritional ● Phytate and NSP contents
● Dietary amino acid imbalances
● Nutrient digestibility and bioavailability
● Voluntary feed intake
Physiological
● Changes in gut microflora population
● Gut health
● Nutrient excretion
Environmental
● Excreta or fecal outputs
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12. Picture adapted from http://thirtyaweek.wordpress.com
Enzyme solutions originally from wheat foods council Co, USA
ENDOSPERM:
Minerals
Starch
Protein
Phytases, Amylases
Protease?
BRAN:
Minerals
Fibres
Vitamins
Phytases, NSPases
Bran:
high in Fibres and Minerals
GERM:
Protein
Fat
Endosperm:
high in Starch
Vitamins
Proteases?
Germ:
high in Protein Lipases?
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13. Animal feed ingredients
& feed enzymes
Animal feed comprises 5 main nutrient groups
1. Protein Soybean seed/meal, fishmeal…
2. Carbohydrates Cereals (corn, wheat, barley…)
3. Other energy sources Oils or fats
4. Minerals Mined resource
5. Micronutrients (vitamins…) Various
Feed enzymes comprises 3 key groups improving the digestion of nutrients
Proteases: to improve protein digestibility by 3-6%
and reduce the nitrogen output by 1/3
Carbohydrases: Xylanase et beta-Glucanase are the main enzymes to
increase Energy utilization from grains by 3 to 8%
Phytases : to hydrolyse plant phytate (antinutritional factor) and
release phosphorus, calcium, minerals, energy, a. acids
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14. Clear Benefits of Enzymes
in Animal Nutrition
Besides usual feed costs savings from feed reformulation with DIF values
(Digestibility Improvement Factor for Carbohydrase) or matrix values (for
phytase and protease), the use of feed enzymes significantly reduces the
impact of animal production on the emission of Green House Gas
Advantages of using feed enzymes:
– Reducing consumption of scares resources
e.g. phosphorus, protein
– Reducing emissions of phosphorus and nitrogen
from manure into water systems and air
– Reducing energy consumption and sulphur emission
from using biotechnology vs other technologies
– Releasing millions of hectares of arable land
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15. Environmental impacts induced by emissions
Emission Environmental impacts
Air CO2
CO Global warming
NOx Acidification
SOx
Nutrient enrichment
VOC
CH4 Photochemical
Water NO3 Smog formation
PO4
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16. Raw material savings and uses
The environmental advantages of using new
Saved Used RONOZYME® HiPhos (M) over MCP are :
- reduced consumption of a scarce resource of
rock phosphate from MCP production
- reduced algae bloom by reducing phosphorus
emissions from manure into lakes and rivers
- reduced energy consumption and CO2
emissions because RONOZYME® HiPhos (M)
9.0 kg production is 50 times less energy intensive
Phosphorus than MCP production
0.020 kg
HiPhos (M)
All data are per one ton of feed

17. Feed enzymes for sustainable animal nutrition
Feed enzymes use play key roles in global resource management and global
environmental impact of animal protein production as
• We need more and more grains and vegetable protein to feed the planet
• Raw material prices go up alongside the demand and limited arable lands,
• Mineral phosphate is a limited resource in both quality and quantity, so…
• Reduction of Phosphorus and Nitrogen emission and soil contamination is a
must
Our mission at DSM is to create brighter lives for people today and generations
to come.
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18. Genetic
Origin
Characteristics
Production
Technologies of Commercial
Feed Enzymes
Enzyme Product
Formulation
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19. Genetic
Origin
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20. Xylanases: Different Substrate Affinities
Xylanase Thermomyces* Humicola Trichoderma
Breaks down
soluble NSPs*
(reduces viscosity)
  
Breaks down
insoluble NSPs*
(breaks down
plant cell wall)
  
*Arabinoxylans
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21. Production
Technologies
RAW FERMENTATION PURIFICATION FORMULATION READY TO
MATERIALS SELL
PRODUCTS
LIQUID
PRODUCT
GRANULATED
PRODUCT
MICRO-
MICRO- ORGANISMS TO
ORGANISMS BE
Page INACTIVATED

22. Enzyme Product
Formulation
average 250 - 850 microns
Cellulose fibers
Dust free particles
Multi-layer Enzyme stabilized
vegetable oil against heat and
coating 10-20 moisture in a
microns against matrix of mineral
steam salts and
carbohydrates
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23. Coating for thermostability without
compromising activity in GIT
1. Thermostability
2. Enzyme Release
1. To protect the enzyme during pelleting
2. To allow release of enzyme activity in stomach
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24. Pelleting Stability of phytase in RONOZYME® NP (CT)
RONOZYME NP (CT)
100
90
80
70
60
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
70oC, 30 sec 80oC, 30 sec 90oC, 30 sec 70oC, 60 sec 80oC, 60 sec 90oC, 60 sec
KSU Study, US
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25. Pelleting Stability of xylanase in RONOZYME® WX (CT)
120
% Residual activity
100 100 96 97
100 94 92
80
60
40
20
0
78 °C 82 °C 86 °C 87 °C 89 °C 91 °C
Pelleting temperature
Source: US Commercial Feed Mills, 2006
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26. Pelleting Stability of protease in RONOZYME® ProAct
100 92 100 92
91 90
90
80
Percent Retained, %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Feed Mill A Feed Mill B Feed Mill C Feed Mill D Feed Mill E
(85 C) (83 C) (90 C) (90 C) (94 C)
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27. Ideally dust-free
Enzyme A Enzyme R Enzyme R
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28. Microphotograph of some feed enzymes
Ronozyme Enzyme A Enzyme B
Enzyme D Enzyme E
Enzyme C
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29. Excellent Physical Characteristics
• Coated
• Granulated
• Uniform particle size
• Non-hygroscopic
• Free flowing
• Virtually dust free
yet disintegrates and releases enzyme quickly during
digestion
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30. Better mixability
RONOZYME NP RONOZYME NP Phytase P
CT in Vitamin Premix CT in feed in feed
Phytase activity in feed/premix
120
110 Calculating the numbers of
100 particles in a 35 g feed
(% of average activity)
sample confirms the
90
superior mixability
80
70
60
50
40 Number of active Dose Granulate / Index
particles per 35 g sample
30 CV. 30.8% ton
CV. 3.3% CV. 6.3%
20 RONOZYME NP 150 79 100
15,050 granulates/g
RONOZYME® NP has a 5 times better mixability Phytase P 50 13 17
2,970 granulates/g
compared to Phytase P in feed
Page 29 Martin Gadient, VFP27060

31. The phytase evolution
A. niger Peniophora lycii wt Peniophora lycii var Citrobacter braakii wt
Phytase Novo Ronozyme P Ronozyme NP Ronozyme HiPhos
1995 2000 2007-2009 2011 - ?
0.08% avP 0.10% avP 0.125% avP 0.15-0.18% avP
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32. Evolution towards Higher Phosphorus Release
Total P
0.52 %
Total P
0.42 % Total P
0.18 Suppl. P 0.40 %
Total P
0.37 %
0.08 0.06
0.03 Av. Inorganic
P
0.12 0.12 Av.P 0.12 0.12 Av. Organic P Av.P
0.1* RONOZYME Eq. P
0.12*
Plant P
0.15*
0.22
Phytic Acid P
0.12 0.1
0.07
Without Phytase RONOZYME P5000 RONOZYME NP RONOZYME HiPhos
* Av.P equivalent P release at recommended product use rate
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33. Our Feed Enzyme Portfolio
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34. Our Feed Enzyme portfolio
Energy Protein Minerals
Phytase
NSP enzymes
Amylase
Protease
Each enzyme product is very well positioned with respect to the
feed matrix
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35. Enzyme Combinations
• Are the enzyme effects additive ?
– Complex problem to resolve
• What enzymes are being considered, at what dose
• What nutrients are affected
• What raw materials are being used at what level (%)
• Are they additive (a + b = ab)
• There is no additivity (a + b = a)
• Additive but at lower level (a + b = ab)
• Additively may be synergistic (a + b = AB)
• May have negative effect (a + b = ab)
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After Kleyn 2010

36. Consideration for nutrient enhancement when
multiple feed enzymes are used
• Age/animal species and breed
• Substrates available from feed raw materials for the enzymes to act
• Physical characteristics of enzymes (e.g. particle size distribution,
thermostability, pelleting stability etc) and processing/storage
conditions
• First match nutrient enhancement to the primary effect of each enzyme
E.g. phytase for minerals, carbohydrases for energy and proteases for
protein/AA
• Taking all of the above come to the final nutrient enhancement
attributed to the enzymes
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37. Take Home Message
• With the currents trends and issues, we need to
continually find viable solutions for sustainable animal
production
• DSM-Novozymes Feed Enzyme Alliance not only offers
the right solution for the right substrate but also
customizes the feed enzyme solution for your needs
in improving livestock production efficiency
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