BAHAN MID PRILAKU ORGANISASI

1. ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Group Behavior
Gunawan Baharuddin, SE., M.Ec

2. INTRODUCTION
The essential feature of a group is that its members regard
themselves as belonging to the group.
A group is defined as any number of people who:
•
interact with one another;
•
are psychologically aware of one another; and
•
perceive themselves to be
a group. (Schein)
Hamner & Organ added,
a psychologically group works
toward a common goal”

3. FORMATION OF GROUPS
Tuckman (1965) devised a model of group formation which consists of the following five
Stages
Stage 1 – Forming
initial formation of the group where tasks have to be understood, individuals have to
get to know one another
Stage 2 – Storming
problems begin to be faced more openly than in the earlier stage.
Stage 3 – Norming
relative upheaval moves into a more considered where conflicts are settled, new
standards are developed and owned by the members. Cooperation really takes off.
Stage 4 – Performing
the group is working effectively both in terms of goals and its internal relationships.
Teamwork develops and solutions are found.
Stage 5 – Adjourning
fact that a group’s life will eventually come to an end as people move on elsewhere
in the organization or as original purpose is attained and the job is completed.

4. TYPES OF GROUP
#1 Formal And Informal Groups
Formal groups
established by management as part of an
organizational structure. They are defined in terms of their purpose and roles
Informal Groups
• they draw their norms (rules) of behavior from amongst themselves;
• their first loyalty tends to be towards their fellow group members rather than to the
organization as a whole.
• their goals are decided more by what they feel is right for
• their behavior is derived more from interpersonal relationships
• their behavior may or may not be in line with what their organization
• they generally meet social and security needs before other needs;
• group leadership is exercised on a charismatic basis rather than by legitimate
authority;
• they are less permanent than formal groups

5. TYPES OF GROUP
#2 Groups based on membership and interest
e.g. Student, citizen, football supporter, indo-runners, etc
#3 Groups based on number of members
Diads (two peoples)
Triad (three peoples)
More than three
#4 Productive relation between members

6. Correlation between number of groups and group behavior
Dimension
Size of group
2-7
8-12
13-16
Needs a leader
Low
moderate
high
Differentiate between leader and member
Low
Low-moderate
Moderate-high
Leader supervisory
Low
Low-moderate
Moderate-high
Low-moderate
Moderate-high
high
Domination of member
Low
Moderate-high
high
Limitation to interact for normal member
Low
Moderate-high
high
Rules and procedures
Low
Low-moderate
high
Time for making decision
Low-moderate
Moderate
high
Tend to make sub-groups
Low
Moderate-high
high
Tolerance toward leader command

7. InterCOMMUNICATION of GROUPS
#1 Process and steps
Source: acts,
experiences,
personality,
culture
formulation
Message
Media
receiver: acts,
experiences,
personality,
culture
Give
meaning
accepted
Messages
#2 Obstacles in communication
Experience by-pass
Use of technical terms
Media selection
Environmental distortion
Abstract nature of words
Status
Resistance to change

8. InterCOMMUNICATION of GROUPS
#3 Non-verbal communication
Kinesics. Gestures, mimics, etc
Proxemics. Physics distance
Chronemics. Chat duration
Occulesics. Eye gesture
Physical appearances. Could be a problem
#4 communication patterns

9. DINAMICS of GROUP on ORG. BEHAVIOR
Norms and group’s goals (Hackman)
1. Norms are structural characteristics of group which summarize & simplify group
influence processes
2. Norms apply only to behavior, not private thoughts and feelings
3. Norms are generally developed only for behavior which are viewed as important by
most group members
4. Norms usually developed gradually, but the process can be shortcutted if members
so desires
5. Not all norms apply to everyone
Cohesiveness (Seashore)
1. productivity of group members would be more likely if it has a high level of
cohesiveness
2. there are differences in productivity levels between the groups according to the level
of cohesiveness of each group
3. Cohesiveness can cause low or high productivity, depending on how the behavior of
managers

10. DINAMICS of GROUP on ORG. BEHAVIOR
Problem –solving in a group (Van de Ven and Delberg)
1. Use of nominal grouping for fact finding and generating ideas
2. Use of structured group interaction and interaction and informal discussion for
clarifying and evaluating the idea generated
3. Use of nominal grouping for voting and for final independent judgement