1. MQBNAV001 Naveed Ahmed Maqbool
The Impact of Electric Vehicle
Penetration on South Africa’s
Demand Profile

2. Presentation Structure
Literature Review
Charging Models
Impact of Charging Models on grid
Impact of different EV penetration rates on grid
South Africa energy supply and demand
Impact of EV on Rondebosch
Utility Tariff Development
Affordability
EV Manufacturers
Limitations of EV’s
V2G Technology
Conclusions and Recommendations

3. Literature Review
What is an EV?
How does an EV function?
Pollution rates? Internal Combustion versus EV
Battery Technologies
Li-Ion
NiMH
PbA
Fuel Cell EV versus BEV

4. Charging Models
Models developed for different charging patterns
Step Loading Model
Uniform Loading Model
Interval Loading Model

6. South Africa’s Demand Profile
Analysis on the demand profile in different seasons
MWh
Comparison of demand profiles in summer and winter

7. Off-Peak demand profile for South
Africa

8. 100% Penetration Rate

9. 50% Penetration Rate

10. 20% Penetration Rate

11. 10% Penetration Rate

12. Comparison of Penetration rates
100% EV Penetration 50% EV Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 55 45.6 46.2 (GW) 42.2 44.2 42.2 42.2
Peak Hour 12:00 20:00 02:00 02:00 Peak Hour 12:00 20:00 12:00 12:00
Energy Sales Energy Sales
(GWh) 645.12 909.0579 909.0579 909.0579 (GWh) 645.12 777.0889 777.0889 777.089
Load Factor Load Factor
(%) 63.696682 68.86802 83.06450 81.985742 (%) 63.6966824 73.254992 76.72679 76.72679
20% EV Penetration 10% EV Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2 (GW) 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2
Peak Hour 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
Peak Hour 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
Energy Sales Energy Sales
(GWh) 645.12 697.9076 697.9076 697.9076 (GWh) 645.12 818.3938 818.3938 818.3938
Load Factor Load Factor
(%) 63.69668 68.90873 68.90873 68.90873 (%) 63.69668 80.80507 80.80507 80.80507

13. South Africa’s Energy Supply and
Demand

14. Impact of EV on Rondebosch
Top down approach
Typical Home Appliance Electricity Consumption
Demand profile of households
Extra energy required for accommodation of EV

15. Utility Tariff Development
Time of Use, Fixed Rate or Real time?
Controlled, Uncontrolled or Smart charging
Best tariff for charging patterns

16. Affordability
ICE Toyota Corolla 2.0 versus Ford Focus EV
EV uses cheaper electricity, but more expensive to
buy
46.83 years for EV to cover up for extra cost as
opposed to ICE

17. EV Manufacturers
Nissan Motors
Ford Motors
Toyota
Mitsubishi
Honda

18. Limitations of EV’s
Home
Work
Power Supplies
Requirements of an EV model for a grid integration
Low power charging
Battery swapping
Quick charging batteries

19. V2G Technology
Provide a future for the energy crisis?
Store off-peak cheap energy and sell at peak hours

20. Conclusions and Recommendations
South Africa cannot integrate a large amount of EV
penetration at present
EV charging should be controlled and charging must
be done in off-peak hours
V2G technology should be adapted

21. Contact Details
Naveed Ahmed Maqbool
Cell: +27 74 761 8497
Email: Mqbnav001@myuct.ac.za

22. Thank You