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What's Next for the Web?
- 1. What’s next for the web? Christine JM. Connors TriviumRLG LLC November 20, 2009
- 2. What is the Semantic Web? ✤ The result of a collection of open technology standards for data modeling and markup that use existing transport protocols for exchanging information which can be processed by both humans and machines. ✤ Also known as Web 3.0 and Linked Data (more or less)
- 3. Semantic Web Layer Cake Key components; time left to influence - publish your use cases http://www.w3.org/2007/03/layercake.png 33
- 4. How is it different? ✤ Embraces existing web technologies ✤ HTML, XML, multimedia, Natural Language Processing et al ✤ Adds technologies that allow a computerized agent to perform on a user’s behalf ✤ Formalizes business logic in a non-proprietary format for better exchange of data and data portability
- 5. The Myths of the Semantic Web ✤ There will be a handful of “killer apps” to replace Web2.0 giants ✤ The current web will be replaced by the semantic web ✤ Everything will have to be tagged ✤ It will be expensive to migrate everything ✤ We will experience instant gratification ✤ It’s hard to get started 4
- 6. Text Predicate Subject Object Two views of the semantic web Machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence and linked data Images frim Wikipedia
- 7. The Continuum Thesaurus Ambiguity Control Folksonomy Synonym Ring Synonym Control Hierarchical Relationships Personalized Labels Synonym Associative Relationships Control Scope Note (Equivalency) (BT, NT, RT, USE, SeeAlso) Less Complexity More Taxonomy Ontology List Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Synonym Control Synonym Control Control Hierarchical Relationships Hierarchical Relationships (BT, NT) Associative Relationships Classes Properties Localization Annotation Reasoning “NOT” See NISO Z39.19-2005
- 8. The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 9. The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 10. Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 11. Power Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 12. Power Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 13. Power List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 14. Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 15. Taxonomy Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 16. Thesaurus Taxonomy Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 17. Ontology Thesaurus Taxonomy Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 18. NT England Britain BT NT NT BT BT Wales Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 19. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 20. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 21. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 22. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 23. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 24. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 25. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland
- 26. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland
- 27. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem
- 28. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem English
- 29. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem English
- 30. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language
- 31. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language Parliament
- 32. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language Parliament
- 33. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language legislature Parliament
- 34. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language legislature pound sterling Parliament
- 35. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language legislature pound sterling Parliament
- 36. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language currency legislature pound sterling Parliament
- 37. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language currency legislature London pound sterling Parliament
- 38. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language currency legislature London pound sterling Parliament
- 39. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT flag United NT Northern God Save the Queen Kingdom BT Ireland anthem official English language capital currency legislature London pound sterling Parliament
- 40. OpenCyc Large ontology based on the Cyc Knowledge Base http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
- 41. DBpedia A sizable ontology derived from data in Wikipedia
- 44. As of March 2008
- 45. As of March 2008
- 46. As of March 2008
- 47. As of March 2008
- 48. Circle size indicates the # of triples in the dataset Circle Size Triple Count Very large > 1B Large 1B-10M Medium 10M-500k Small 500k-10k Very small <10k Arrow direction indicates that a given dataset contains concepts from the indicated dataset Arrow thickness indicates the # of shared triples Arrow Thickness Triple Count Thick >100k Medium 100k-1k Thin <1k As of March 2008
- 49. As of March 2008
- 50. Sindice Index to linked data: books, people, places, news, statistics, events, business, music ... http://sindice.com/map
- 51. Capabilities ✤ Business development - market analysis, use cases ✤ Technical development - servers, apps, web ✤ Information architects ✤ Information scientists - define, organize, link ✤ User interface and interaction designers - user studies, structural design
- 52. Why do clients care? ✤ Reduce, reuse, recycle ✤ Use less storage space ✤ Purpose content for multiple delivery channels and services ✤ Mashup content ✤ Increase revenue and customer satisfaction ✤ Improved findability ✤ Brand Management
- 53. Why do clients care? ✤ Reduce time to action ✤ More finely tuned analytical capabilities ✤ Competitive intelligence ✤ Reduce risk ✤ More granular legal and business models for more precise compliance certification ✤ Comply with regulations ✤ e.g. XBRL (adopting semantic capabilities)
- 54. Thank you cjmconnors@triviumrlg.com FOAF: http://triviumrlg.com/foaf.rdf Nick: CJMConnors at Twitter, LinkedIn, Identi.ca et al TriviumRLG.com
Notas do Editor
- Semantic Web is the internet&#x2019;s equivalent of the Green Building movement: reduce, recycle, reuse. (Re-use, re-mix, = Mashup) Tim Berners-Lee and others frequently remind us that the idea is to put data IN the web, as well as ON the web. Sites today are destinations. Putting your data in the web means that it is a reference point.
- I happen to be most familiar with the W3C standards - this is the layer cake -- the tehcnologies they see as necessary compeonents.There are a variety of formats to use - find the one that suits your requirements. The data model is more important than the serialization. Right now the majority of the data on the web is locked up in applications and markup languages that jumble the format, the style, delivery mechanism and the content all together. The semantic web is a group of OPEN standards that provide the common format for describing data so that data from different sources can easily be combined and integrated. need to work on trust and security can be one way myths - security - open
- We are not looking for a Google killer; there is a difference between documents on the web and data on the web. Google is a leader in providing access to documents and will likely remain so for some time. They will not be replaced, but there is opportunity for a &#x201C;Google for data&#x201D; to emerge. The user goals are different, and so the inputs and methods of analysis and retrieval will be different. The semantic web will co-exist with the current web; per TimBLs blog, there will be markets for both raw data and mashed up data Tagging everything does not scale. Everything old is new again &#x2013; entity extraction and Natural Language processing tools will (are having) a renaissance. There are critical technical and editorial choices to make when employing those tools, but no, everything does NOT need to be tagged. $$$ - not really. Franz recently revealed they had converted 10B triples using Amazon&#x2019;s EC2 service for just 2 days for only $192. Many semantic web technologies are being built by people passionate about their work, and they are making it open source. Enterprise level applications will want the security and stability of tested, supported systems that require investment &#x2013; as well as the smart consultants to go along with it &#x2013; but you can GET STARTED with open source tools while you make your case. It&#x2019;s not hard to get started, and now we&#x2019;re going to show you some simple things you can do. The best and most consistent advice I&#x2019;ve received since becoming interested in the semantic web is this: take baby steps. Solve one discrete problem at a time. Don&#x2019;t try to read the OWL spec and jump in with an OWL Full representation of your knowledge domain &#x2013; you&#x2019;ll drive yourself crazy. Work the model of your domain in small chunks, learn about how to make things disjoint when you have a need for it. Learn about domains and ranges when they come up. Don&#x2019;t worry about first and second order logic until you&#x2019;ve advanced to the point where it INTERESTS you and you NEED it. As I was thinking about how to begin this presentation, I mused over some ideas at home. It is human nature to reuse, to mash-up data. In early childhood we use the same tune to carry the lyrics for Baa, Baa Black Sheep, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star and the ABC song. Authors and playwrights are inspired by earlier myths - Shakespeare may have been inspired by Pyramus and Thisbe or a handful of other stories when he wrote Romeo & Juliet. West Side Story is another adaptation. Baz Luhrman, the film director, took a stab at it with Leonardo DiCaprio as Romeo, and then went on to produce Moulin Rouge, one of the most ambitious mashups of songs and stories seen in the film industry of late, combining snippets and full songs from David Bowie, Bono, Madonna, Elton John, Fatboy Slim, Rufus Wainwright, Labelle, Nirvana, Nat King Cole and many many more.
- There is a computationally complex view of the web that involves Boolean logic, Bayesian algorithms, syntax, pattern recognition, neural networks and more. There is another view that is concerned about meaning, categorization, classification and relationships. This view tends to require more human power. Neither is particularly practical &#x2013; one requires heavy-duty processing and lots of monitoring. The other requires a great deal of handcrafting and maintaining. Using the best of each world will get you further in the long run. There are brilliant minds working in the artificial intelligence space, and we make great use of those tools in our own processing platform, but that&#x2019;s not what we&#x2019;re going to focus on today. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Artificial_neural_network.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xbarst1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- Taxonomies - are they dead? No, but most of you are NOT building a taxonomy. You&#x2019;re building light-weight ontologies. You may not realize it because your architecture and tools require that you put pieces of it in different places. We talk about breaking down silos, and then go and silo the components of our data models. There is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file Ambiguity Control Christine Connors vs. Christine Conners :( List of food We recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let&#x2019;s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc ----------- A synonym ring is what we think Roget&#x2019;s Thesaurus is. Synonym Control (Equivalence Relationships) Ketchup or Catsup ---------- Hierarchical Relationships Is A, Part of type relationships Where would you put the poor tomato? Tomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It&#x2019;s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? Mono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical ------------ Associative Relationships - See Also Salt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug&#x2019;s Don&#x2019;t Make Me Thnk) See NISO Z39.19-2005 BT = Broader Term NT = Narrower Term RT = Related Term (&#x201C;See also&#x201D;) SN = Scope Note UF = Used For USE = &#x201C;See&#x201D; (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.) ------------ Get to define your own relationship types! Localization Annotation Reasoning &#x201C;NOT&#x201D; Ontology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes Semantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler ----------------------------
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application I can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no. I an also now take this graph (presuming I&#x2019;d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.
- one URI can be embedded everywhere vs. a web page which is maintained by one creator (entity)
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- So where does one get some of this data? As there are many data sets available, and I&#x2019;d like to show you the growth as visualized in these graphs from Richard Cyganiak and Chris Bizer. Not all of these are completely FREE. I promise you that IEEE and ACM are NOT giving away their research papers.
- Here is a directory of data. CONTRIBUTE TO THE CLOUD of Data Tom Tague mentioned all of the free data sets - well, many are free to use, many are not; some are hidden behind firewalls. There are also many schema available - try SchemaWeb, for example. But even the free ones cost someone money to build - do your part to contribute what you can, even if it&#x2019;s simply managing your own profiles.
- Open world vs closed world And the list goes on&#x2026;