A presentation by Ton Bestenbreur, independent ports operations and logistics consultant. Delivered during African Ports Evolution 2015 in Durban, South Africa. More like this on www.transportworldafrica.co.za

1. “ ACHIEVING A QUANTUM LEAP IN BERTH PRODUCTIVITY “
Presented by
Ton Bestenbreur
University of Stellenbosch
Department of Logistics
Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences

2. “Technology and Service Levels
that bring the Customer what they are looking for”
“Technology and Service Levels
that should bring the Customer what they are looking for”
OR ?

3. What has changed in the “Container
Industry” in the past 50 years ?

4. Vessel Development
Terminal Operating Development
and…….
Service Level Development

5. 1956 “SS Ideal X” : First Container Vessel
Capacity : 58 ( 35 Foot ) Containers + 15000 Tons Bulk Petroleum

6. Source : Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine
2013 Maersk Line “Triple E – Class” : Length 400m – Beam 59m ( 23 Wide ) –
Capacity 18000 Teu

7. 2015 CSCL : Length 400m – Beam 59m ( 23 Wide ) – Draft 16m –
Capacity 19100 Teu
Source : Keith Skipper

8. Rotterdam 1967 : Sea-Land “SS Fairland” at ECT Terminal
Container Capacity : 226 (35-foot) Containers

9. Rotterdam 2008 : ECT - Euromax Terminal

10. Rotterdam 2015 : APM Terminal Maasvlakte 2

11. HANDLING of SEMI AUTOMATIC TWISTLOCKS

12. 1959 : First Container Crane
Outreach : 20m ( 7 Wide) – Boom Clearance : 18m
Rail Gauge : 12.5m – Hoisting Cap. : 25 T - Weight : 600 T
“SINGLE
LIFT”
FIXED
SPREADER

13. Telescopic Spreader ,
Single Lift

14. Twin Lift Spreader

15. Tandem Lift Spreader System
(Split Headblock)

16. 2011 : Port of Felixstowe
Outreach : 70m (24 Wide) – Boom Clearance : 46.5 / 49.5m
Rail Gauge : 35m – Hoisting Cap. : 88 T – Weight : 2000 T
SINGLE LIFT
+
TWIN LIFT ( 2 x 20)
+
TANDEM LIFT ( 2 x 40)
+
“TWO BY TWO”
TANDEM LIFT ( 4 x 20)

17. And how did all this impact on
Customer Service Levels ?
3 Quotes

18. Quote TOC / 1997 – Barcelona :
“The Challenge for the Container Terminals is to continuously
improve Efficiency and Service Levels and to reduce Costs without
concessions to Flexibility and Customer Friendliness”
Quote CEO Maersk – 26 February 2015 :
“Port productivity as ships get larger is stalled , resulting in ships
remaining in port for longer periods of time , delays to cargo and
higher cost for carriers”
Quote JOC / 18 June 2015 :
“ I have never seen a greater sense of urgency to find ways to get
ships in and out of port faster. It is a simple calculus : The quicker
a ship leaves port , the slower the speed and less fuel is needed to
get to the next port on schedule”

19. Container Hub 1984
Average 15 - 25 Cont. moves / GCH
40 - 60 Cont. moves / GSWH
Container Hub 2010
Average 25 - 30 Cont. moves / GCH
80 - 120 Cont. moves /GSWH
Emphasis on Number of Cranes per
Vessel
Emphasis on Vessel Working
Productivity

20. Quote World Cargo News- 09 June 2011:
“Maersk will be looking for ports handling its forthcoming 18000 TEU
Triple – E ships to achieve 6000 moves in under 24 hours”
Container Hub 2015 +
250 Cont. moves / Gross Berth hr
Average 40 – 50 Cont. moves/ GCH
Emphasis on Berth Productivity

21. But How ?
“Out of the Box”

22. MAIN SERVICE LEVEL CONSTRAINTS in
CONTAINER TERMINAL OPERATIONS
Quayside Handling
System
Quay Crane - Stack
Transfer Unit
System
Container Yard Operating System
and
Container Yard Handling System

23. TYPICAL BASIC QUAYCRANE OPERATING CONFIGURATION :
“PARALLEL” OPERATING MODE
Container
Stacking Yard
Traditional
Qua side Transfer Unit
System in “Parallel”
Operating Modes
Mode 2
Mode 1

24. Operating Mode 1

25. Operating Mode 2

26. TYPICAL BASIC QUAYCRANE OPERATING CONFIGURATION :
“PARALLEL” versus “PERPENDICULAR” OPERATING MODE
Container
Stacking Yard
Traditional
Qua side Transfer Unit
System in “Parallel”
Operating Modes
Qua side Transfer Unit
System in “Perpendicular”
Operating Mode
Mode 2
Mode 1

27. PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3
Discharge Cycle Sequence ( Load Cycle vv )
PHASE 1 : Main Trolley discharges
Container onto Rotating Platform
PHASE 2 : Container Rotation
PHASE 3 : Second Trolley moves Container
into Backreach Position 1 / 2 / 3
PHASE 4 : Shuttle Carrier System moves
Containers to Container Yard
1 2
1 2
BASIC QUAYCRANE CONFIGURATION
“PERPENDICULAR OPERATING MODE”
( SHUTTLE CARRIERS )
Rotating
Platform
2 3 PHASE 4
SHUTTLE CARRIERS

28. Shuttle Carrier : “1 over 1”

29. BASICS of PERPENDICULAR OPERATING MODE
in CLUSTER CONFIGURATION
Shuttle
Carriers
(1 over 1)
Quay Crane with
Rotating Platform and
Second Trolley
ASC – Operated
Container Stacking
Yard :
“Active Dwell Time
Control”
Waterside
ASC
Housekeeping
ASC
Landside
ASC

30. through
Quay Cranes able to operate in Cluster Configuration
Higher Equipment Speed
Reduced Cycle Times
Improved Operational - and Logistical Flexibility
Creating Quay Crane - and Stack Buffers
Implementation of Active Container Dwell Time Control
Resulting in
“6000 Container moves in under 24 hrs”

31. and in…..
Happy Customers !