The document discusses the proposed Sethusamudaram Canal project in India and its potential impacts. It makes the following key points:
1. The Sethusamudaram Canal project aims to create a shipping canal across the Palk Strait by dredging the shallow ocean floor, cutting over 400 km off voyage times for ships. However, its current alignment would require dredging through Adam's Bridge, an ancient limestone formation.
2. There have been concerns about the project's environmental and economic impacts given that the dredging site is in an important marine biodiversity hotspot. A student research group studied these aspects.
3. Alternative alignments have been proposed over the years to avoid dredging through Adam's Bridge,
1. Sethusamudaram Canal and
the Hinterland Logistics
Prof Philbert Suresh
i-FUN
Intelligent Friends in the Université Network
2. Gates and Locks in Canals
Rideau Canal, Eastern Ontario
A boater's paradise ....
A visitor's delight
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3. Sethusamudaram Canal and
The Hinterland Logistics
• ‘You cannot change your destination
overnight, but you can change your direction
overnight’ -
• Port Cities, Logistics Pathways and Networks
are very complex process and more so in
Hinterland Logistics .
• So let us look at the horizon, see the end of
the finish line and allow your project to move
on to its next goal.
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4. Link to NASA Image : http://history.nasa.gov/SP-
168/p193a.jpg
Link to NASA Image : http://history.nasa.gov/SP-
168/p193a.jpg
NASA picture of Sethu Bridge (Ramar Palam) –
Evidence of Ramar Palam in Ramayana Epic
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5. Rama Sethu or Adam’s Bridge
Space images taken by NASA reveal a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk
Strait between India and Sri Lanka. The recently discovered bridge currently
named as Adam´s Bridge is made of chain of shoals, c.18 mi (30 km) long.
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6. "Srimad Bhagavatam"
• NASA Images Find 1,750,000
Year Old Man-Made Bridge
between India and Sri Lanka
• Adam´s Bridge is 30 km long
describes the event:
Text 22
nara-devatvam apannah
sura-karya-cikirsaya
samudra-nigrahadini
cakre viryany atah param
Translation:
"In the eighteenth incarnation (of Lord
Krishna), the Lord appeared as King
Rama. In order to perform some
pleasing work for the demigods, He
exhibited superhuman powers by
controlling the Indian Ocean and then
killing the atheist King Ravana, who
was on the other side of the sea".
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7. Reaching Rameswaram
and Pamban Island – just
a handshaking distance
from the promontory
Rivers and Canals in
Tamilnadu
1.Kaveri River and its tributaries
2.Adyar • Amaravathi • Arasalar •
Bhavani • Cheyyar • Chittar • Cooum
• Kaveri • Kedilam • Kodaganar •
Kodavanar • Kokkiliyar • Kollidam •
Manimuthar • Nadari • Nambiyar •
Nanganjiyar • Noyyal • Pachaiyar •
Pahrali • Palar • Parambikulam •
Ponnaiyar • Pykara • Swetha •
Thamirabarani • Vaigai • Vaippar •
Vasishta • Vellar • Vennaaru
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9. Rama (right) seated on
the shoulders of Hanuman
, battles the demon-king
Ravana.
Ramayan epic gives
birth to the
existence of Ramar
Palam or Adams
Bridge – that
provides the
foundation for
SSCP
Sethusamudaram
Canal Project
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11. Ramayana Epic in World Cultures Through
Indian Diaspora
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12. Adam's bridge (Ramar
Palam) as seen from the
air
Adam's Bridge (Tamil: ஆதாம்
பாலம் āthām pālam), also
known as Rama's Bridge or
Rama Setu (Tamil: இராமர்
பாலம் Rāmar pālam, Sanskrit:
रामसेतु, Malayalam: രാമേസതു,
rāmasetu),[1]
is a chain of
limestone shoals, between
Pamban Island, also known as
Rameswaram Island, off the
southeastern coast of
Tamil Nadu, India, and
Mannar Island, off the
northwestern coast of Sri Lanka.
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13. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CONSTITUTED NINE COMMITTEES BEFORE INDEPENDENCE, AND FIVE
COMMITTEES SINCE THEN TO SUGGEST ALIGNMENTS FOR A SETHUSAMUDRAM CANAL PROJECT. MOST
OF THEM SUGGESTED LAND-BASED PASSAGES ACROSS RAMESWARAM ISLAND AND NONE SUGGESTED
ALIGNMENT ACROSS ADAM'S BRIDGE.[
IN 2001, THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA APPROVED A MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR
SETHUSAMUDRAM SHIPPING CANAL PROJECT THAT AIMS TO CREATE A SHIP CHANNEL ACROSS THE
PALK STRAIT BY DREDGING THE SHALLOW OCEAN FLOOR NEAR DHANUSHKODI. THE CHANNEL IS
EXPECTED TO CUT OVER 400 KM (NEARLY 30 HOURS OF SHIPPING TIME) OFF THE VOYAGE AROUND THE
ISLAND OF SRI LANKA. THIS PROPOSED CHANNEL'S CURRENT ALIGNMENT REQUIRES DREDGING
THROUGH RAMA'S BRIDGE.
Historical map of Adam's Bridge and environs prior to the
cyclone of 1964
Pearl fishing in the Gulf of Mannar, c.a. 1926
Landsat 5 image of Adam's Bridge
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14. Venice – Canals: Heritage Site of UNESCO
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Like the fabled city of Atlantis,
the city is at risk of being
submerged. Autumn and winter
high tides flood city streets and
raise water levels on the canals,
making it difficult or impossible
for boats to squeeze under the
bridges. The high tides, called
aqua alta, are also eroding the
foundations of buildings, which
are tightly packed along the edge
of the canals and the city’s outer
shores
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The Buckingham
canal is
connected with
the Bay of Bengal
through the
Cooum River
Section of the
Canal near RA
Puram with
MRTS
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The Buckingham
Canal is a 420 km
long fresh water
navigation canal,
running parallel to
the
Coromandel Coast
of South India
from Vijayawada in
Andhra Pradesh to
Villupuram District
in Tamil Nadu.
17. Cooum River to the Buckingham
Canal in the City of Chennai
Buckingham Canal is located 0.4
Kilometres away from Cooum River.
Pamban Bridge at the south eastern tip
of Tamilnadu
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The rare shell collection of a zoologist and marine
Researcher stimulated the curiosity of the presenter
since childhood - about the rich biodiversity of the
Rameswaram and areas adjoining Pamban
18. Port Cities Détermines
Global Trade Flow
• Port cities have to assimilate and
accommodate advances in logistics to sustain
their competitive status as key interfaces in
the building of smooth global trade flows’.
• The logistics environment creastes a high
degree of uncertainty and leavces port
managers and city officials with the question
how to respond effectively to market
dynamics
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19. MORE On Port Cities
A students mind is not container to be filled in but a precious receptacle to be ignited
• What can be done to insert port cities in global
supply chains is the focus of the current
research endeavour of students at IMU
( Indian Maritime University)
• Interesting prospect will be high lighted in
today’s session on Sethusamudaram Canal
and The Hinterland Logistics
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20. What are Port Cities??
• The modern container port is a collection of
separate terminals. Each with different clients,
distinctive handling methods and managed by
differnt companies with divergent policy
objectives
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22. Hinterland Logistics: The Realm of
the “Last Mile” (or the “First Mile”)
GatewayGateway
InlandInland
TerminalTerminal
DistributionDistribution
CenterCenter
Capacity
Frequency
Corridor
CustomerCustomer
“Last Mile”
Segment
GLOBALGLOBAL HINTERLANDHINTERLAND REGIONALREGIONAL LOCALLOCAL
Shipping Network
MassificationMassificationMassificationMassification AtomizationAtomizationAtomizationAtomization
23. Terminalization in a Supply Chain
Context
GatewayGateway
Offshore HubOffshore Hub
Bottleneck
Buffer
Distribution center (outbound / inbound)
Inland containerized goods flow
Inland non-containerized goods flow
Maritime container flow
Foreland (First Mile)Foreland (First Mile)
Hinterland (Last Mile)Hinterland (Last Mile)
GatewayGateway
SuppliersSuppliers
CustomersCustomers
Extended Distribution Center
Extended Gate
Port regionalization and the creation
of a Regional Load Center Network
InlandInland
TerminalTerminal
24. Supply Chain Terminalization:Supply Chain Terminalization:
Import Flows to the HinterlandImport Flows to the Hinterland
• Bottleneck and buffer-
derived terminalization
– Port regionalization:
• Regional load center
network.
– Extended gate:
• Development of inland
terminals.
– Extended distribution
center:
• The terminal as a
warehousing unit.
GatewayGateway
Offshore HubOffshore Hub
GatewayGateway
SuppliersSuppliers
CustomersCustomers
InlandInland
TerminalTerminal
11
22
33
25. Container Transloading: A Strong Vector of
Terminalization
Cause Outcome
Consolidation Transferring the contents of smaller containers into larger
containers (e.g. three maritime 40 foot containers into two 53 foot
domestic containers). Cost savings (number of lifts). Time delays.
Weight compliance Transferring the contents of heavy containers into loads meeting
national or regional road weight limits.
Palletizing Placing loose (floor loaded) containerized cargo unto pallets.
Adapting to local load units (e.g. europallet).
Demurrage Handing back containers to owner (maritime shipping or leasing
company) by transferring its contents into another load unit (e.g.
domestic container).
Equipment
availability
Making maritime containers available for exports and domestic
containers available for imports. Trade facilitation.
Supply chain
management
Terminal and transloading facility as a buffer. Delay decision to
route freight to better fulfill regional demands. Perform some
added value activities (packaging, labeling, final assembly, etc.)
27. Commodity Chain
The Value Capture Process along
Commodity Chains
Port Holding
PortAuthority
Maritime Services
Inland Services
Port Services
Horizontal Integration
Vertical Integration
Maritime
Shipping
Maritime
Shipping
Port Terminal
Operations
Port Terminal
Operations
Inland Modes
and Terminals
Inland Modes
and Terminals
Distribution
Centers
Distribution
Centers
Offshore
hub
Inland
PortPort
28. Supply Chains and Inland Terminals
• JVC Belgium (EDC) + TCT Belgium (EG)
– Four day rule.
– Free time Rotterdam (5 days).
– Free time TCT Belgium (21 days).
– Full containers at TCT; part of stock to JVC
Belgium.
29. Port City – Defined
under TWIMP Analyses
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T = Transportation (Convergence of Rail, Road and Sea in Sethu Canal) + W = Warehousing and
Inventory Management (Bonded and other types of warehouse) + I = Information Technology (Maritime
Software at the shore and sea) + Materials Handling ( Ports Equipment) + P = Packaging, Marking and
Labeling ( RFID in Port)
30. Importance of Global Commodity Chains (GCC)
in a Global Supply Chain (GSC)
• Landward extension of GCC – port gateways and
restructuring of physical and organizational
relationships redefines port hinterlands
• New spatial infrastructures are established in
port hinterland – a process of port regionalization
– where inland freight distribution centre's which
are physically and logistically linked to ports have
been established to GCC
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31. Importance of Global Commodity Chains (GCC)
in a Global Supply Chain (GSC)
• Landward extension of GCC – port gateways and
restructuring of physical and organizational
relationships redefines port hinterlands
• New spatial infrastructures are established in
port hinterland – a process of port regionalization
– where inland freight distribution centre's which
are physically and logistically linked to ports have
been established to GCC
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32. Bulk and Containerized Commodity
Chains
Bulk Commodity ChainBulk Commodity Chain
Containerized Commodity ChainContainerized Commodity Chain
Consolidation
center
Port
Supplier Customer
Inland Terminal
Container
port
Pendulum
Services
Point-to-Point
ComplementarityComplementarity
32
33. The Bone of Contention
at the SSCP Ship Canal
SSCP site is located in a
globally significant marine
ecosystem – the Gulf of
Mannar Biosphere Reserve,
one of world's richest marine
biological resources.
42 MBA students researched
this aspect as an assignment
for MBA program in Indian
Maritime University, Chennai,
India = April 201030/06/2010 33
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34. Sethusamudaram Canal and
The Hinterland Logistics
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• Gaining focus is the crucial challenge facing the committees that had
to contend with cost révision since the canal inception
• Sethusamudaram Canal is a dream project of India – if it uses the
trimodal container terminal (TCT) infrastructure, it will be able to fulfill
the project completion on time.
• Is this something that the successive committees in the Government of
India overlooked since 1860 when the British Canal Engineer, A D
Taylor identified it as a feasible one? Which of the modes of transport
will be optimized to implement the TCT concept? Are there any
examples in the world of the TCT??
A students mind is not container to be filled in but a precious receptacle to be ignited
35. Sethusamudaram Canal and
The Hinterland Logistics
• As observed all three ports in Southern Cities of India (Chennai,
Tuticorin and Cochin ) have a significant number of container
vessels using its facilities.
• Containerization grows rapidly and becomes a dominant technique
in the general cargo trade.
• The Intermodal transportation system expands while improving its
operation at sea, on land, and at the interfaces between different
modes of transportation.
• The demands that containerization place on the major segments of
the system – ships, terminals and inland carriers – lead to the
establishment of the load center (Hayut.Y).
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36. Sethusamudaram Canal and
The Hinterland Logistics
Whatsoever may be the
reason, it is found that the
design of the project is not
well planned which may cause
adverse effect on the economy
and ecology of the nation. So it
is advisable to go for a re-
planning of the project and
find some best alternate
solution.
T .O.
Box30/06/2010
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37. Ports and Governments
The relationship between ports and governments has
changed profoundly over the past quarter of a century.
Many governments have sought to extract themselves
from the business of port operations and, in many
cases, the provision of port services has devolved to
local governments, communities or private
management and administration.
As such devolution implies a change in governance
model, this trend raises questions about consequent
performance.
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38. Devolution: Governance of Ports
Devolution examines the changed port management environment,
focusing particularly on government policies such as devolution,
regulatory reform and newly imposed governance models, all of
which have exerted a significant influence over the nature of that
changed environment.
The devolution is structured so as to first explore the devolution and
port reform approaches for 14 countries or regions, before
examining how ports are governed and what the choice of
governance might mean for their performance.
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39. Load Centre and Port Hinterland
The load center implies a concentration of container traffic at a limited number of larger
ports. Two principal participants play dominant roles in the concentration process- the
port and the carriers. In Sethu Canal Project, Tuticorin Port and Port of Jaffna will
play a role
The concentration of container traffic can be explained in terms of transport –carrier
economies in the three geographical sectors of operations: maritime , inland
(hinterland) and port terminal activities.
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40. Operation Freedom – Iraq
In times of Iraq war, the ports in Kuwait had
high container traffic beyond its physical
infrastructure would allow them to handle
efficiently,
Concentration of fleet at its port were a great concern
Among the factors that contribute to the concentration
of container traffic in a limited number of port, the most
important appear to be: the economics of containership
operation (particularly the time costs of port visits), the
economies of large-scale container terminal operations,
and the tendency to channel the inland distribution of
containers into high volume truck routes ( for example
land routes to Saudi Arabia, Syria and Jordancommon
facilities. “(Dr Jean Paul Rodrique
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41. Extent to which transport modes currently satisfy the
requirements of container flows through the port
Average Standard dev. No. of observations
Road 8.1 1.63 25
Rail 6.8 2.73 18
Inland waterway 5.8 2.86 5
Short sea shipping 7.6 2.59 10
Coastal shipping 7.3 2.83 10
(for average, 1 = very inefficient, 10 = very efficient)
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42. Ports and Governments
Located in a globally significant marine
ecosystem – the Gulf of Mannar
Biosphere Reserve, one of world's
richest marine biological resources.
The project will also adversely affect the
Palk Strait between India and Ceylon
which is about 75 km-wide, with a water
depth of 9-13 m, except where local
coral reefs rise above the sea level. The
Palk Strait is an inlet of the Bay of
Bengal. The Palk Strait is 64 km to 137
km wide and 137 km long.
167 km long shipping canal
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43. Ports and Governments
From the vessel size analysis,
all vessels up to 20,000 DWT, about
75 per cent of 30,000 DWT, 10 per
cent of vessels up to 40,000 DWT
and 5 per cent of vessels up to
50,000 DWT, and all empty vessels
will fall in this category and can pass
through SSCP.
The dredging quantity
estimation is done taking sections
at every 100 m interval and
integrating over the length of
segment. Based on the model
studies report, it is estimated the
maintenance dredging to be 2
million cu.m in the first year,
reduction to 1.4 million cu.m in 530/06/2010 43
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44. Ports and Governments
i-FUN Transport Lab in IMU
With draft restriction of 10 m
in the SSCP, there could be
a growth in number of ships
specially built for the
purpose of passing through
SSCP, may be called
`SETHU MAX', similar to
vessels being built like
Panamax or Suezmax
vessels after the
development of Panama and
Suez canals.
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46. Ports and Governments
Ships from the east coast of India to the west coast
have to circumnavigate Sri Lanka. This is because of
a Sand Stone Reef called Adam's bridge, at Pamban,
near Rameswaram, where the depth of the sea is
hardly 11 feet.
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47. Ports and Governments
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In order to reduce the steaming distances
and take advantage of navigation along the
coast and within India's territorial waters,
British Commander A.D. Taylor of the
Indian Marines conceived, in 1860, a
proposal for cutting a ship canal called the
Sethusamudram Ship Canal through
Rameswaram island, connecting the G
48. Ports and Governments
A students mind is not a container to be filled in but a precious receptacle to be ignited
After Independence, the Indian
government constituted the
Sethusamudram Project Committee in
1955, with Sir Ramaswamy Mudaliyar
as chairman. He pegged the initial
capital outlay for the integrated
Sethusamudram-cum-Tuticorin Port
Scheme at Rs 998 lakh and
contemplated a draft of 26 ft.
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49. Ports and Governments
In 1963, Tuticorin Harbor Project was sanctioned but
the government decided to include Sethusamudram
Project for advance action.
In 1975, the Tuticorin Harbor Project was completed
and the traffic exceeded the forecast made.
In January 1981, Ministry of Shipping and Transport
(Port Wing) constituted a committee that estimated
the cost of the project at Rs 282 crore.
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50. Ports and Governments
In 1994, the Tamil Nadu government requested the Pallavan
Transport Consultancy Services Ltd, Chennai, to appraise and
revalidate a 1983 report as a result of which the latter submitted
its report in March 1996. The cost estimates indicated in the
report for:
1. 30' draft Rs 685 crore
2. 31' draft Rs 760 crore
3. 35' draft Rs 1,200 crore
They added that it would be worthwhile to implement the project
initially for 31 feet draft and increase it to 35 feet wherever the
approach channels are deepened in Tuticorin and Haldia
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51. Ports and Governments
A students mind is not a container to be filled in but a precious receptacle to be ignited
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52. Sethusamudaram Canal Since 1860
Possibly conceived in 1860 by Commander A. D. Taylor
of the Indian Marines, the project has been reviewed
many times over the years but no decision was ever
made.
It is usually described as 150 years of Tamil's dream to
bring in Economic prospects for the Costal districts of
Tamil Nadu.
However successive governments since Indian Freedom
did not implement this project though it was part of the
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53. Various Proposals for Linking
Canal Pre-Independence:
1) Commander Taylor’s Proposal – 1860
2) Mr. Townshend’s Proposal – 1861
3) Parliamentary Committee’s Proposal –
1862
4) His Excellency Sir William Dennison’s
Proposal (Governor of Madras) – 1863
5) Mr. Robertson’s ( Harbour Engineer to
the Govt. of India) Proposal – 1872
6) Sir John Code’s Proposal – 1884
7) S.I. Railway Engineers Proposal – 1903
8) Sir Robert Bristo’s (Harbour Engineer to
the Govt. of India) Proposal - 1922
Reports considered after
Independence
1) Sethusamudram Project Committee –
1956
2) Nagendra Singh Committee Report –
1967
3) Lakshminarayan Committee Report –
1981
4) Pallavan Transport Consultancy
Services Report – 1996
5) Tuticorin Port Trust as Nodal Agency
– 1997
6) DPR prepared by L&T T-Ramboll –
2004
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55. Ports
and
Governments
Sethusamudaram Canal is a dream project of
India – if it uses the trimodal container terminal
(TCT) infrastructure, it will be able to fulfill the
project completion on time.
Is this something that the successive committees
in the Government of India overlooked since
1860 when the British Canal Engineer, A D
Taylor identified it as a feasible one?
Which of the modes of transport will be optimized
to implement the TCT concept? Are there any
examples in the world of the TCT??30/06/2010 55
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Prof Philbert Classroom in Transportation and Logistics at Gulf University, Kuwait – 2006 to 2009
56. Ports and Governments
A students mind is not a container to be filled in but a precious receptacle to be ignited
Outstanding examples of canal engineering and
development of the infrastructure reveals the
efficiency of Trimodal Container Terminals in
Oresund (Sweden), Antwerp, Belgium and Welland
Canal in the Niagara Region
These developments serve as a good model for
Sethusamudaram Canal embroiled in controversies
– more politically rather than in effective transport
economic
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57. Examples of TCT for Hinterland Logistics
Trimodal Container Terminal Belgium
Strategically situated between Antwerp and Brussels, the Trimodal
Container Terminal Belgium (TCT Belgium) handles a substantial part of the
logistics activities of its customers.
The inland terminal on the Scheldt-Brussels Canal in Willebroek organizes
both the transport of containers to and from the seaport and the on-demand
pick-up and delivery right at the client's front door.
Cargo is always available just-in-time.
The impact of TCT is due to the development of intermodal transport
network and logistics facilities on hinterland penetration of ports. The
infrastructure and institutional problems that limit opportunities of ports in
Asia to serve expanded hinterland, and policy guidelines to improve
transport and logistics facilities in order to expand port hinterlands like those
in Los Angeles, Brisbane, Tauranga, Duisburg and Vancouver30/06/2010 57
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58. SSCP is not alone:
Wedding of the Waterways
TCT in Belgium Other Models for SSCP
TCT Belgium is situated in the
Willebroek area, a region that is quickly
developing into a leading centre for
European production and distribution.
Located at the junction of international
transport axes, TCT Belgium is the ideal
link between the North Sea, the
Willebroek region and the European
market.
Substantial service network - Thanks to
its well-trained and highly motivated
staff, TCT Belgium day in day out offers
The impact of TCT is due to the
development of intermodal transport
network and logistics facilities on
hinterland penetration of ports.
The infrastructure and institutional
problems that limit opportunities of
ports in Asia to serve expanded
hinterland, and policy guidelines to
improve transport and logistics
facilities in order to expand port
hinterlands like those in Los Angeles,
Brisbane, Tauranga, Duisburg and
Vancouver
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59. Ports and Governments
One can conclude that the
project has not been
adequately assessed for the
environmental impacts to
the biodiversity of the Palk
Strait, Palk Bay and the Gulf
of Mannar and will have
serious impacts and cause
drastic changes to the
biodiversity of the region.
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60. Final Conclusion
Any major development project has both benefits and disadvantages
to the society. Many development projects have very high economic
benefit and at the same time lead to environmental hazard.
The poor design of the project, under-estimations of costs, and the
poor assessment of risks, hazards and environmental impacts of the
project.
Most importantly the project itself admits to the loss of corals, sea
fans, sponges, holothurians, which are all protected/scheduled
species under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 for which the
proponents failed to seek clearance from the Chief Wildlife Warden
and Central Government as required by law
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61. Ports and Governments
The modern ships are
built in such a way that
they can carry huge
volumes of tonnage which
ultimately increase their
drafts. In such cases,
these ships will not use
canals like SSC.
It is likely to also cause major impacts and losses of fisheries and livelihoods to
the region. Reviewing the current status of the implementation phase of the
project, considerable environmental and economic damage has probably already
been done.30/06/2010 61
Redefing Logistics Leadership for the Next
Generation
A students mind is not a container to be
filled in but a precious receptacle to be
ignited
62. Thanks for your time and
kind attention )
Sethusamudaram Canal TCT - India
• Our goal – is to cut the
Gordian Knot and resolve
Sethu Challenges through
coordination of a TCT
proposal based on the
model in Antwerp and
Duisburg
30/06/2010 62
Redefing Logistics Leadership for the Next
Generation
Notas do Editor
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-168/p193a.jpg
"I am not aware of any carbon dating either," said NASA spokesman Michael Braukus, refuting claims by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) that the agency had the Adam's bridge in Palk Strait - known as Ram Sethu in India - carbon dated as being 1.7 million years old."Some people have taken pictures by our astronauts to make their claim. No position can be taken on the basis of these photographs in any way," Braukus said when asked to comment on the controversy surrounding the site of the proposed Rs 24 billion Sethusamudram canal project off India's southern tip."The age, substratum, geological structure or anthropological status of the ocean bed in Palk strait cannot be determined by the astronauts' photographs. So there is no basis for these claims," Braukus said.Back in October 2002 too the US agency had rebutted a story circulated by an Indian news agency based on claims made by a couple of NRI websites and Hindu news services that "space images taken by NASA" had revealed "a mysterious ancient bridge in the Palk Strait"."Remote sensing images or photographs from orbit cannot provide direct information about the origin or age of a chain of islands, and certainly cannot determine whether humans were involved in producing any of the patterns seen," NASA official Mark Hess had said then."The mysterious bridge was nothing more than a 30 km long, naturally-occurring chain of sandbanks called Adam's bridge," Hess had added. "NASA had been taking pictures of these shoals for years. Its images had never resulted in any scientific discovery in the area.
The bridge´s unique curvature and composition by age reveals that it is man made. The legends as well as Archeological studies reveal that the first signs of human inhabitants in Sri Lanka date back to the a primitive age, about 1,750,000 years ago and the bridge´s age is also almost equivalent.This information is a crucial aspect for an insight into the mysterious legend called Ramayana, which was supposed to have taken place in tredha yuga (more than 1,700,000 years ago).In this epic, there is a mentioning about a bridge, which was built between Rameshwaram (India) and Srilankan coast under the supervision of a dynamic and invincible figure called Rama who is supposed to be the incarnation of the supreme.This information may not be of much importance to the archeologists who are interested in exploring the origins of man, but it is sure to open the spiritual gates of the people of the world to have come to know an ancient history linked to the Indian mythology.
http://www.lankalibrary.com/geo/ancient/nasa.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Setu_(Ramayana)#Yuddha_Kanda
The Ramayana became popular in Southeast Asia during the 8th century and was represented in literature, temple architecture, dance and theatre. Today, dramatic enactments of the story of Ramayana, known as Ramlila, take place all across India and in many places across the globe within the Indian diaspora. The Ramayana has inspired works of film as well, most prominently the North American Sita Sings the Blues, which tells the story supporting Sita through song.
http://www.humsurfer.com/lord-hanuman-pictureswallpapersgallery
Planet of the Apes –Hollywood Blockbuster
The Khmer retelling of the tale, the Reamker, is popularly expressed in traditional regional dance theatre.
The Javanese dance of Ramayana describe Shinta held as prisoner in Alengka palace surrounded by ladies in waiting.
Adam's Bridge (Tamil: ஆதாம் பாலம் āthām pālam), also known as Rama's Bridge or Rama Setu (Tamil: இராமர் பாலம் Rāmar pālam, Sanskrit: रामसेतु, Malayalam: രാമസേതു, rāmasetu),[1] is a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast of Sri Lanka. Geological evidence indicates that this bridge is a former land connection between India and Sri Lanka.[2]
The bridge is 18 miles (30 km) long[3] and separates the Gulf of Mannar (southwest) from the Palk Strait (northeast). Some of the sandbanks are dry and the sea in the area is very shallow, being only 3 ft to 30 ft (1 m to 10 m) deep in places, which hinders navigation.[2][4][5] It was reportedly passable on foot up to the 15th century until storms deepened the channel: temple records seem to say that Rama’s Bridge was complete above sea level until it broke in a cyclone in 1480 CE.[citation needed]
A team from the Centre for Remote Sensing (CRS) of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchi led by Professor S.M. Ramasamy in 2003 claimed that, "Rama's bridge could only be 3,500 years old" and, "as the carbon dating of the beaches roughly matches the dates of Ramayana, its link to the epic needs to be explored".[48] However, one needs to note that the surveys which have come out with the 3500-year age for the bridge are based on the studies conducted on corals grown on the bridge itself and it has been argued that this represents only the age of what was measured, which is the corals. The bridge underneath the corals has been dated back to hundreds of thousands of years earlier. A former director of the Geological Survey of India, S. Badrinarayanan, claims that such a natural formation would be impossible. He justifies the same by the presence of a loose sand layer under corals for the entire stretch. Corals normally form above rocks.[49][50] He feels that thorough analysis was not conducted by the Geological Survey of India before undertaking the SSCP project. In connection with the canal project, the Madras High Court in its verdict stated that the Rama Sethu is a man-made structure.[51].Geological and archaeological findings of Teri formations, a rich assemblage of Mesolithic-Microlithic tools and human fossils found on both sides of the bridge by the Department of Earth-Science in March 2007 are also quoted as evidence for manmade structure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Canal
The River Cooum, once a fresh water source is today a drainage course collecting surpluses of 75 small tanks of a minor basin. The length of the river is about 65 km, of which 18 km, fall within the Chennai city limits. This once fishing river & boat racing ground has borne the brunt of the city's unplanned explosion. The Kesavaram dam diverts the river into the Chembarambakkam Lake from which water is utilized for the supply of drinking water to the city of Chennai.
Buckingham Canal is located 0.4 Kilometres away from Cooum River. The Buckingham Canal is a salt water navigation canal, running parallel to the Coromandel Coast of South India for 420 km. The first segment of the canal was constructed in 1806, from Chennai north t - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Ruthushree, MBA Program in Indian Maritime University
Ports, Cities, and Global Supply Chains (Tran…(Hardcover)
by James Wang, Daniel
Ports, Cities, and Global Supply Chains by James Wang, Daniel
Rodrigue, J-P, C. Comtois and B. Slack (2006) The Geography of Transport Systems, London: Routledge, 296 pages. ISBN 0-4153-5440-4.
http://people.hofstra.edu/faculty/Jean-paul_Rodrigue/
1Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation ,Rutgers University
Maritime
UniversityMaritime Infrastructure Engineering and Managemen
UniversityMaritime Infrastructure Engineering and Managemen
UniversityMaritime Infrastructure Engineering and Managemen
UniversityMaritime Infrastructure Engineering and Managemen
UniversityMaritime Infrastructure Engineering and Management
Thanks to JPR and the presentation on Inland Terminals
Source: Mi-Jack Products
Maritime shipping has a profit margin of only about 2%. Single operator controls the berth-to-gate operations.
Maritime shipping lines moving inland to capture value. Port terminal operations. Rail and trucking operations. Distribution centers. Logistics.
ISSUE
Do Port Functions can be integrated in Regional & Local Activities?
Do these Functions create activity and economic added value? Are they attractive?
Do they conflict with urban functions and urban development?
What is the policy of integrating obsolete port facilities
Theo Notteboom and Jean Paul Rodrigue. Port Regionalization :Towards a New Phase in Port Development, Maritime Policy and Management (2005)
Suresh,P. Intermodal Transportation: Learning to Adapt Technology and Systems for Policy Development in Kuwait and GCC States, University of Missouri GUST Summer Fellowship paper, July 2007
Theofanis,S. “Port--City Relationship: Background, Advances and Challenges
Research Professor and Director of Program Development, CAIT/Maritime Infrastructure Engineering and Management Program Rutgers University Connected Cities Mount Pelion Conference July 30, 2006
Ports, Cities, and Global Supply Chains (Tran…(Hardcover)
by James Wang, Daniel Olivier
Theo Notteboom and Jean Paul Rodrigue. Port Regionalization :Towards a New Phase in Port Development, Maritime Policy and Management (2005)
Suresh,P. Intermodal Transportation: Learning to Adapt Technology and Systems for Policy Development in Kuwait and GCC States, University of Missouri GUST Summer Fellowship paper, July 2007
Theofanis,S. “Port--City Relationship: Background, Advances and Challenges
Research Professor and Director of Program Development, CAIT/Maritime Infrastructure Engineering and Management Program Rutgers University Connected Cities Mount Pelion Conference July 30, 2006
Ports, Cities, and Global Supply Chains (Tran…(Hardcover)
by James Wang, Daniel Olivier
Suresh,P. Intermodal Transportation: Learning to Adapt Technology and Systems for Policy Development in Kuwait and GCC States, University of Missouri GUST Summer Fellowship paper, July 2007
-- --, What makes some ports tick, while other do not, Stimulus Indian Maritime University , March 2010
Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Centur…(Hardcover)
by David Pinder, Brian Sla
Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Centur…(Hardcover)
by David Pinder, Brian Sla
Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Centur…(Hardcover)
by David Pinder, Brian Sla
GUST - UMSL Summer Fellowship Assignment of the author on Intermodal Transportation July 2007
GUST - UMSL Summer Fellowship Assignment on Intermodal Transportation July 2007
(Source: http://sethusamudram.tamilar.org/
The Sethusamudram Ship Canal Project (SSCP) is a 167 km long shipping canal, and envisages the creation of a navigable canal from the Gulf of Mannar to the Bay of Bengal to facilitate the movement of ships. The proposed SSCP site is located in a globally significant marine ecosystem – the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, one of world's richest marine biological resources. The project will also adversely affect the Palk Strait between India and Ceylon which is about 75 km-wide, with a water depth of 9-13 m, except where local coral reefs rise above the sea level. The Palk Strait is an inlet of the Bay of Bengal. The Palk Strait is 64 km to 137 km wide and 137 km long. The Palk Bay is also considered as one of the five major reef formations in India. The project documents claim that ships moving from the west coast to the east coast of India do not need to navigate around Sri Lanka but can use the channel to save 36 hours of shipping time and 570 nautical miles. It involves dredging in an 89 km stretch for a width of 300 m and for a depth of 12 m for ships less than 30, 000 DWT (dead weight tonnage) with draft restricted to 10m. The project route is shown below,
Proposals with years and suggested alignment routes
Philbert Suresh
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