Generating, Analyzing & Using Information from Hard-to-Access Areas
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Slides from the 2013 International Conference of Crisis Mappers in Nairobi, Kenya. Learn more at crisismappers.net
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Generating, Analyzing & Using Information from Hard-to-Access Areas
- 2. You Can't Get There from Here: Generating, Analyzing & Using Information from Hard-to-Access Areas
- 5. Enabling Robust Multi-way Communication in Crisis Scenarios Aditya Vashistha University of Washington Joint work with Bill Thies at Microsoft Research India www.ivrjunction.org @ivrjunction
- 6. Voice Remains Primary Interface for Mobile Subscribers Most subscribers lack smart phones Smart Phone: ~ 5% Feature Phone: 50-70% (e.g., music player) Basic Phone: 30-50% Mobile Internet: < 3% of subscribers Internet Penetration is expected to be 19% in 2014
- 7. Literacy and Language Barriers Literate in English Language Known Literate in Other Language Non-Literate Text interfaces are hindered by low literacy and language diversity! How can we reach out to people who are low-literate? How can we reach out to literate tribal people (limited font support)?
- 8. Designing Technology for People Low-literate Low SES Dumb Phone No Internet Image Credit: Jayanta Shaw/Reuters/Corbis
- 10. Interactive Voice Response Systems
- 11. Connecting Unheard Voices to Global Social Media Phone call Internet
- 12. Distributed Architecture Mumbai New Delhi USA Kenya Affordability Uganda Scalability Resilience Coordinate Efforts in Multiple Regions
- 13. More Advantages! • Easy to Install, Configure and Maintain • Resilient to Intermittent Power & Internet Outages • Resilient to Internet Crackdown by Network Provider or Internet • All hardware fit in a laptop bag
- 14. Setting Up ‘Your’ Voice Forum • Laptop • Windows OS • Internet • IVR Junction Software (free) • Free Web services • YouTube account • SkyDrive or Dropbox account • Facebook page • Paid Components • GSM or Fixed line modem ($100 per port) • Voxeo Prophecy 11 (free for 2 ports, $298 for 4 ports)
- 15. Protect Indian Women Voice Petition Giving Voice to the Protestors in India IVR Junction has enabled women rights activists from all economic backgrounds and varied literacy levels to raise their voice for advocating women safety and empowerment.
- 16. Vehicle for Civic Engagement and Political Stability in Somaliland
- 18. Getting News to and from Mali
- 19. Lessons Learnt Technology Amplifies Human Intent and Capacity; It Doesn’t Substitute for Them - Kentaro Toyoma Use technology only when necessary! End Users Must Trust the (Technology) System Work with “trusted” grassroots organizations!
- 20. Lessons Learnt More Data is not Always Good; BAD Data Hurts! Facts verification is critical especially in crisis mapping! Don’t Overestimate or Underestimate End Users Some people struggle with even IVR and SMS; Intrinsic motivation and intermediated use enable some to perform complex tasks
- 21. Over 20,000 Voices Heard Thank you! @adityavash
- 23. Limits to crowdsourcing HR violations • Lack of quality information • No (standard) taxonomy • Lack of source evaluation • Deduplication, verification and analysis hampered • Lack of feedback loops and empowerment • Data security and users’ safety
- 24. How to address these issues? • Paradigm shift: from monologue to dialogue • Low-tech (SMS or USSD) • 5W1H questions • Semantic and syntactic analyses combined with machine learning and micro-tasking • Ethics
- 27. Challenges • Users’ safety and data security (USSD?) • Low literacy rates and vernacular languages (IVR + microtasking) • Sensitization of user base • Buy-in from NGOs and IOs • Funding
- 28. Next steps • ICCM Self-organized session @ 15:30 Room 7 • Finalize market research/SWOT analysis with OSJI • Requirement analysis + Feasibility plan • First prototype • Pilot in situations
- 29. Web: www.peoples-intelligence.org Mail: c.billen@peoples-intelligence.org Twitter: @PeopleIntel Call: +31 654 76 36 70
- 32. Generating, Mapping and Analyzing Conflict Data An Overview of Civil Society, Liberian Government and United Nations Collaboration in Liberia
- 33. Early Warning / Early Response Actors Comprise of civil society organizations, government agencies, UN agencies and other international partners working on issues of peacebuilding and conflict prevention. With support from Humanity United and other partners, the Liberia Peacebuilding Office coordinates the group EWER Working Group comprises of 27 plus organizations and a large network of communitybased reporters that work to provide relevant data via frontline sms for the EWER incident-reporting map, developed by Ushahidi (www.lern.ushahidi.com)
- 34. How does the group Work? Organizations are grouped into clusters according to their individual thematic focus ( some organizations are in more than one cluster): 1. Warning 2. Response 3. Technology 4. Research
- 35. Strategic Approach to EWER in Liberia SA #1 The creation and support of a nationwide network comprising of civil society, government and United Nation organizations that are: a. Collaborating and sharing information relating to issues that could lead to widespread violence while b. Formulating recommendations for policy makers on ways of addressing those issues that threaten peace and national security
- 36. Strategic Approach to EWER in Liberia SA #2 • The development of a community based early warning and early response system involving county peace committees which help identify local conflict factors; and resolve and transform these local conflicts through mediation, dialogue and other community initiatives.
- 37. SA #3 • Linking community based early warning / early response actors with the Government’s regional justice and security system through rapid response centers in three regional hubs
- 38. What are we trying to achieve? Short Term (1-3 years) OUTPUS OUTCOMES IMPACT Major potential community violent conflicts in Liberia are detected, mapped and dealt with before escalating to the county and national level. 1. Peacebuilding Office has the capacity to collect, mapped assess and communicate information on potential threat to peace both at the community and national levels 2. Information from Community based EWER systems reaches relevant decision makers and the public, and informs early action in the form of contingency planning and early response for national and county level 3. Members of county peace committees are trained to identify and report on ewer issues and engage in first stage early response activities 1. EWER through a network of civil society actors ( EWER Working group) 2. EWER through county peace committees and other community level actors
- 39. How Short term? Medium term Existing initiatives EWER Working group Establishing a community based ewer mechanism involving peace committees New initiatives/pilot studies EWER small grants initiatives to build capacity, moti vate and enable CSO to engaged in response activities 1. Expand collection and mapping capabilities 2. Consolidation 3. Establishing community managed rapid response pool fund 4. Comm-police rapid response centers at three regional hubs
- 40. ER Course of Action • Watch – aggregate information as reports come in • Inquire – actively seek additional information for ongoing analysis • Analyze – conduct in-depth analysis with a view of generating possible response options, including setting up task forces to intervene where necessary • Refer – make referrals to state security agencies, peace committees, etc • Close – the issue is resolved and no further action is anticipated
- 41. A snapshot of the LERN platform
- 42. Some Lessons Learned Relating to Mapping • One will expect a low tech data collection method like sms to be simple, but it proved difficult for some • Constant feedback to reporters on data utilization is necessary for motivation • Mapping and even collating conflict trend data is meaningless unless it comes with recommendations for possible response • Individual organization working early warning achieve far less than when they operate in networks and integrate their work in a coordinated manner
- 44. Aditya Vashistha @adityavash Christophe Billen @PeopleIntel Nathaniel Raymond @nattyray11 Nat Walker @nat_EWER
- 46. CrisisMappers 2013 Many thanks to our sponsors!
Notas do Editor
- No data connection. Though overtime people will have more smart phones, it will still take a decade or two to fix the illiteracy problem. Internet penetration is very low even in small towns. But it is not a question of device. It’s a question of how people use a phone. People will continue to use the phone for voice communication
- Stress on language diversity as well. How to customize UI?
- Various socio-economic constraints: Earn less than $100 a monthDevice constraints: Basic mobile phone,No GPSHave no or low-literacy
- Great Adoption!Intuitive to UseExpensiveIsolatedExtremely Hard toInstallConfigureMaintain
- There are now 6 billion mobile phone subscribers around the world. The vast majority of these users are in the developing world.However, the capabilities of most mobile subscribers is far less than what we enjoy in rich countries. Most mobile subscribers have basic phones that support only voice calls and SMS. While they can use their phones to consume information – news, weather, sports, etc. – it is difficult or impossible for low-income users to be producers of information. In the world of the Internet, what proved most transformative was the ability for everyone to become a producer of user-generated content. How can we enable everyone to have a voice on the Internet, even if they have only a basic cell phone and limited literacy?IVR Junction accomplishes this goal by connecting an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system with global social media.Using IVR Junction, users place a phone call to a server, which anyone can configure using our software, a laptop, and an off-the-shelf modem. IVR Junction synchronizes these recordings with standard cloud-based services, including Facebook, YouTube, and SkyDrive. This enables anyone with a mobile phone to gain a global audience of millions of people. It also enables optional moderation of content using administrator features on YouTube.
- The distributed architecture of IVR Junction enables not only affordability, but also flexibility and resilience to crackdown. Suppose that the physical location of one of the IVR Junction nodes is compromised. In this case, voice forum facilitators don’t need to shut down the whole service. What they need to do is to set up another node in the same geographic location. As soon as the new node (i.e., a new installation on a different laptop) is connected to the other nodes, it will automatically recover all the data, will be functional and start servicing the users of that geographic region/calling region of the crisis-ridden country immediately. Even if one node is compromised and is controlled by the people who are trying to shut down the service, the compromised node will be unable to distort or destroy the data collected using other nodes of IVR Junction. The only way to destroy or distort the data collected using all nodes of IVR Junction would be to take control of the master ship, which in this case is the content moderation channel (YouTube) which can be controlled from anywhere in the world and is resilient to local crackdown.
- The biggest strength of our solution is that any individual or organization can set up a robust two-way communication portal in a few hours and run the whole IVR system just from an ordinary Windows-based laptop (no fancy servers required!). In most of the developing countries and crisis ridden countries, many geographic locations have intermittent availability of electricity and Internet connectivity. IVR Junction is designed to run on a low-end laptop or computer. The low cost, ease of deployment and mobility of the laptop enables non-expert users to set up the system by themselves. Also, while the GSM modem requires an electrical outlet, the remainder of IVR Junction is tolerant to intermittent power and Internet outages. The modems are low-powered and can work with an external battery or solar panel in case of power outages. Each local repository is synchronized with the cloud in an opportunistic manner, depending on the available Internet connectivity. The access points of IVR Junction can be scaled up to support many parallel callers. Modems can be added incrementally, with calls forwarded between numbers that are busy (i.e. by using line hunting logic). The whole IVR system and hardware, laptop installed with IVR Junction, GSM modems, GSM SIM cards, external battery or solar panel and USB dongle for Internet, can fit into a laptop bag. This provides an excellent opportunity to change the location and set it up again in case of threat of natural disaster or physical crackdown Conflicts and crises often occur in places where existing telecommunications and Internet infrastructure can become unreliable, compromised and even manipulated by those seeking to do harm during a crisis. In the extreme scenario of a long-term, nationwide crackdown on Internet services within a country, the IVR Junction server and data can easily be ported to a Universal International Freephone Number15 which is hosted in a different country.
- Explain the components as you are describing themi.e. Utility of Dropbox/SkyDrive, YouTube Channel, Prophecy etc.
- IVR Junction is enabling women rights activists from all economic backgrounds and varied literacy levels to use their phones to raise their voice for advocating women safety and empowerment.IVR Junction is used to create a new kind of petition which is:More persuasiveWell articulated Emotionally effectiveAnd displays stronger association with a cause
- Somaliland has a functioning and organic democracy that combines the traditional tribal representation and elected parliamentarians.But there is a disconnectbetween ruling elites and the public which leads to instability and misinformationbecause of the fragile tribal structure in the region. Commerce and media outlets are concentrated in cities like Hargeisa, Barbra and Burco. This imbalance of regions creates a sense of political alienation between rural communities and the capital city.a) The state-owned radio, newspapers do not reach remote areasb) Newspapers have regional, tribal and political affiliation. This leads to facts distortion and misinterpretation. This media fragmentation causes instability especially in tribal and conflict zones as study commissioned by Somaliland’s Academy of Peace and Development.Newspapers are the main source of critical information, but literacy level is too low, which makes it difficult for majority of the population to get accurate information. We want to examine how audio feed of public institutions and important figures can decrease misinformation, which a major problem in Somaliland.
- IVR Junction has enabled a live audio discussion forum on the official parliament website of Somaliland! Both members of parliament as well as ordinary citizens discussed on the issues related to governance. This webpage is just one click away from the parliament home page. (About the Parliament -> Public Feedback).
- People in Mali can now call a number to listen 3 minute news broadcast by Voice of AmericaThey can also record their feedback, comments, questions and news itemsAll user generated recordings are accessible on a YouTube channel for global audience
- We are deploying IVR Junction with numerous partners around the world. Example deployments include:In Mali, the Voice of America is using IVR Junction to disseminate news and collect feedback from listeners.In Somaliland, the parliament is using IVR Junction to foster two-way communication between legislators and the rural population.In India, we are using IVR Junction in support of women’s rights dialogues as well as a cultural channel for the visually impaired.Collectively the system has recorded messages from over 20,000 callers.