1. 4th Grading Review Class
World History – Social III
Prepared by: Mr. Kenno Jan M.
Caballero

2. Parts of the Review
1. Key Terms / Concepts
2. Important People
3. Significant Things
4. Analysis
Coverage of the Long Test
• Renaissance
• Protestant Reformation and Counter-
Reformation
• Age of Exploration (European Colonial Empire)
• Industrial Revolution
• World War I

3. Definition of Key Terms and Key Concepts – Necessary for Analysis
KEY TERMS / KEY CONCEPTS

4. Protestant Reformation and Counter -
Reformation
• Indulgence – a payment made to the Church
for the salvation of the soul in purgatory
• Great Schism – A period where there existed
to rival popes (one in Rome and one in France)
• Predestination – a doctrine championed by
John Calvin which tells that people who would
be saved by God were already predestined by
God
• Augsburg Confession – the creed of the
Lutheran Church

5. • Act of Supremacy – by King Henry VIII, an act
making the King of England as the head of the
Church of England
• 39 article – the creed of the Anglican Church
• Inquisition – a council which aims to put to
trial and punishment heresy
• Index – a list of books which Roman Catholics
are not allowed to read
• Society of Jesus – by St. Ignatius de Loyola, an
organization which aims to win back Catholics
from the Protestants

6. Age of Exploration
• Treaty of Tordesillas – A papal bull which
divides the World into two between
Spain(West) and Portugal(East)
• Mercantilism – An economic doctrine which
asserts that the basis of the greatness of a
nation would be the amount of gold and silver
that its possess
• Commercial Revolution – “Commerce” An
expansion of foreign trade

7. Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution – a non-violent change in
the way of life of humans which transforms the
economic and technological aspects of society;
the replacement of human labor by machines
• Domestic/Cottage Industries - a method of
production in which raw materials are distributed
to employees who work at home to produce
goods
• Factory system – a method of production in
which workers are brought together to produce
goods by machines in factories

8. • Bessemer process - removal of impurities
from iron to make it harder
• Macadamization – new way of building roads
• Capitalism – the economic system that is
based on a free market and open competition
• Laissez faire – No government intervention in
business
• Communism – A politico-economic system
where the means of production would be
held in common and everyone’s needs would
be met

9. World War I
• Imperialism – extending of a nation’s power
through the conquest of other land for
economic and political advantages
• Jingoism/Chauvinism – extreme nationalism
which looks down to other as “inferior”
• Militarism – a principle of placing the military
in the top priority of a country building up
powerful armies and great navies

10. • Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia
• Black Hand – A Serbian Secret Group which aims
to liberate Serbian lands from the hands of the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire
• Trench Warfare – Method of war which builds up
defensive positions to protect territories gained
• Ace – A title given to a pilot who downed 5
enemy aircrafts being witnessed by three people
• Kaiser – German Emperor
• Czar – Russian Emperor

11. • Zimmerman note/code
• Fourteen Points – plans for peace by Pres.
Wilson
• Armistice – a halt to fighting; 11th month of
the 11th day of the 11th hour all fighting will
cease.
• Treaty of Versailles – aims to made Germany
pay for the war by crippling them

12. People who made a difference
IMPORTANT PEOPLE

13. • Martin Luther – “Father of the Protestant
Reformation; translated the Bible into
German; 95 Theses
• Johann Gutenburg – Inventor of the Printing
Press
• John Wycliffe – Translated the Bible to English
• Desiderius Erasmus – wrote the “In Praise of
Folly:
• Philip Melanchton – Augsburg Confessions

14. • John Calvin – Calvinism; Predestination
• John Knox – Presbyterianism-Scotland
• King Henry VIII – “Defender of the Faith”; Act
of Supremacy
• Council of Trent
• St. Ignatius de Loyola – Founder of the Society
of Jesus
• Francis Xavier – Apostle to the Indies

15. • Amerigo Vespucci – New World
• Christopher Columbus – discovers America
• Elizabeth I – “Mistress of the Seas”
• Hernando Cortez – conquered Mexico
• Ferdinand Magellan – discovered the Philippines
• Miguel Lopez de Legaspi – conquered the
Philippines
• Henry Ford – Assembly line
• Daimler Gottlieb – Internal Combustion engine
• Rudolf Diesel – Diesel engine
• Wright Brothers – Airplane
• Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone
• Samuel Morse – Telegraph
• Henry Bessemer – Bessemer Process
• John Mc Adam - Macadamization

16. • George Stephenson – Steam locomotive (Rocket)
• Robert Fulton – Steamship (Clermont)
• Karl Marx – “Communist Manifesto”; Father of
Communism
• Adam Smith – “Wealth of Nations”; Father of
Modern Economics – Capitalism
• Archduke Francis Ferdinand – Heir to the
Austrian-Hungarian throne
• Gavrilo Princip – Assassin of the Black Hand
Movement
• “Red Baron” – Greatest ace of the Great war
• Pres. Woodrow Wilson – 14 points; League of
Nations
• Vladimir Lenin – Father of Communist Russia
• Joseph Stalin – made Russia into a great power

17. Things to remember
SIGNIFICANT THINGS

18. • Invention of the Printing Press by Gutenburg
• Corruption in the Church –
Simony, Indulgence, luxurious life of
clergy, unbiblical practices
• Posting of the Ninety-five these in Wittenburg by
Martin Luther
• Salvation by Grace through Faith
• Bible as Sole guide for man’s salvation
• Excommunication of Martin Luther
• Spread Of Protestantism
• Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Council of Trent
• Missionary Achievements
• Pioneer of the Exploration – Portugal

19. • Discovery of a new route by sea to Asia by
Portugal
• Demarcation set by Rome
• Treaty of Tordesillas
• Exploration of France, Netherlands, Britain
• Imperialism of European countries
• Africa as the Dark Continent
• Old World – Europe; New World – Americas
• Great Britain as pioneer of the Industrial
Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution – Industrial Revolution
• Industrial Revolution starts with the Textile
Industry

20. • Improvement on Manufacturing (Mass
Production), Transportation, and
Communication
• Shift from Domestic to Factory system
• Assembly line improves the factory
• Shift from Mercantilism to Capitalism
• Capitalism vs. Communism
• Urbanization
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
starts World War 1 – the Great War
• Great War – “the war to end all wars”
• Austria attacks Serbia; Serbia backed by Russia

21. • Austria-Hungary backed by Germany
• Russia backed by France
• Germany attacks Belgium; Great Britain joins
the War: World War I begins
• Stalemate – both side are not winning
• Zimmerman code/note
• Sinking of the Lusitania
• 1917 – withdrawal of Russia from the war
• Germany surrenders despite not being
defeated
• 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month all
fighting would cease – Armistice
• Treaty of Versailles

22. • Collapse of Four World Empires –
German, Austrian-
Hungarian, Ottoman, Russian

23. ANALYSIS

24. Protestant Reformation and Counter-
Reformation
• Causes: Decline of the Papacy, Luxury of the
Church, Simony, Immoralities, Certain Church
doctrines that are not based form the Bible -
Indulgences
• Theological Issues: Sola Scriptura, Sola
Gratia, Sola Fide
• Start of the Reformation: Posting of the 95
Theses

25. • Difference of Catholics and Protestants
• Results of the Reformation:
• Destroyed Religious Unity
• Rise of different Christian denominations such
as Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans, etc.
• Reforms in the Catholic Church
• Religious War
• Started a spiritual revivals

26. Exploration
• Motivation/Reason: God, Gold, Glory
• Devices: Astrolabe, Portolani, Compass
• Henry the “Navigator”
• Results: Widening of the knowledge of
Geography, Spread of Christianity and
European civilization, Wars for Colonial
Supremacy, Commercial Revolution, Rise of
Mercantilism

27. Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Revolution
• Textile Industries
• Transportation
• Communication
• Industrial Revolution – Mechanization, usage
of power, and factory
• Pioneer: Great Britain

28. Positive Effects Negative Effects
• Expansion of Industries • Ruining of the Domestic
• Increase in Commerce and system
trade • Exploitation of people
• Growth of population • Decadence of the rural
• Rise of Cities communities
• Greater comforts and High • Child and woman labor
standards of living • Unemployment
• Division of labor • Concentration of wealth to
• Increase of wealth a few people
• Capitalism • Clash among capitalists and
workers
• Communism

29. World War I
• Causes: Extreme
Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Rival
Alliances
• Tripe Alliance – Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Italy
• Triple Entente – Britain, France, Russia
• Central Powers – Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Ottoman, Bulgaria, etc.
• Allies Powers –
Britain, France, Russia, U.S, Japan

30. • Formation of Alliances
• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary vs. Serbia
• Russia aids Serbia
• Germany helps Austria-Hungary
• France declares war to the Central Powers
• Germany attacks Belgium so it could go to
France
• Britain declares war
• Stalemate – Trench warfare
• American entry to the war
• Armistice
• Treaty of Versailles