Ma h2 dev_plan_041012

HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT PLAN
FINAL – APRIL 10, 2012
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MASSACHUSETTS
Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Development Plan – “Roadmap” Collaborative
Participants
Massachusetts Hydrogen Coalition
Charlie Myers – President
Project Management and Plan Development
Northeast Electrochemical Energy Storage Cluster:
Joel M. Rinebold – Program Director
Paul Aresta – Project Manager
Alexander C. Barton – Energy Specialist
Adam J. Brzozowski – Energy Specialist
Thomas Wolak – Energy Intern
Nathan Bruce – GIS Mapping Intern
Agencies
United States Department of Energy
United States Small Business Administration
Boston skyline – “Boston Skyline”, Matthew Weathers, http://www.matthewweathers.com/year2007/boston1.html, October,
2011
Forklift – FCHEA, “Nuvera Fuel Cells Receive Second Order for Fuel Cell Powered Forklifts from the Defense Logistics
Agency”, http://fchea.posterous.com/nuvera-fuel-cells-receives-second-order-for-f, October, 2011
Welding – “MIG Welding”, Gooden’s Portable Welding, http://joeystechservice.com/goodenswelding/WeldingTechniques.php,
October, 2011
Blueprint construction – “Contruction1”, The MoHawk Construction Group LLC., http://mohawkcg.com/, October, 2011
Health care – “CT Scan”, The Imaging Center, http://www.theimagingcenter.org/services.html , October, 2011
Circuit board – “Electronics and Computer Technician”, Western Dakota Tech., http://www.wdt.edu/electech.aspx?id=232,
October, 2011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
There is the potential to generate approximately 2.38 million megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity from
hydrogen and fuel cell technologies at potential host sites in the State of Massachusetts, annually through
the development of 301 to 401 megawatts (MW) of fuel cell generation capacity. The state and federal
government have incentives to facilitate the development and use of renewable energy. The decision on
whether or not to deploy hydrogen or fuel cell technology at a given location depends largely on the
economic value, compared to other conventional or alternative/renewable technologies. Consequently,
while many sites may be technically viable for the application of fuel cell technology, this plan provides
focus for fuel cell applications that are both technically and economically viable.
Favorable locations for the development of renewable energy generation through fuel cell technology
include energy intensive commercial buildings (education, food sales, food services, inpatient healthcare,
lodging, and public order and safety), energy intensive industries, wastewater treatment plants, landfills,
wireless telecommunications sites, federal/state-owned buildings, ports, and airport facilities with a
substantial amount of air traffic.
Currently, Massachusetts has more than 300 companies that are part of the growing hydrogen and fuel
cell industry supply chain in the Northeast region. Based on a recent study, these companies making up
Massachusetts’ hydrogen and fuel cell industry are estimated to have realized approximately $171 million
in revenue and investment, generated over $147 million in gross state product, and contributed more
than $9.8 million in state and local tax revenue from their participation in this regional energy cluster in
2010. Nine of these companies are original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of hydrogen and/or
fuel cell systems, and were responsible for supplying 346 direct jobs and $59.4 million in direct
revenue and investment in 2010.
Hydrogen and fuel cell projects are becoming increasingly popular throughout the Northeast region.
These technologies are viable solutions that can meet the demand for renewable energy in Massachusetts.
In addition, the deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technology would reduce the dependence on oil,
improve environmental performance, and increase the number of jobs within the state. This plan provides
links to relevant information to help assess, plan, and initiate hydrogen or fuel cell projects to help meet
the energy, economic, and environmental goals of the State.
Developing policies and incentives that support hydrogen and fuel cell technology will increase
deployment at sites that would benefit from on-site generation. Increased demand for hydrogen and fuel
cell technology will increase production and create jobs throughout the supply chain. As deployment
increases, manufacturing costs will decline and hydrogen and fuel cell technology will be in a position to
then compete in a global market without incentives. These policies and incentives can be coordinated
regionally to maintain the regional economic cluster as a global exporter for long-term growth and
economic development.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................5
DRIVERS............................................................................................................................................6
ECONOMIC IMPACT ...........................................................................................................................8
POTENTIAL STATIONARY TARGETS ...................................................................................................9
Education ............................................................................................................................................11
Food Sales...........................................................................................................................................12
Food Service .......................................................................................................................................12
Inpatient Healthcare............................................................................................................................13
Lodging...............................................................................................................................................14
Public Order and Safety......................................................................................................................14
Energy Intensive Industries.....................................................................................................................15
Government Owned Buildings................................................................................................................16
Wireless Telecommunication Sites.........................................................................................................16
Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) ................................................................................................16
Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)........................................................................................17
Airports...................................................................................................................................................18
Military ...................................................................................................................................................19
POTENTIAL TRANSPORTATION TARGETS .........................................................................................20
Alternative Fueling Stations................................................................................................................21
Bus Transit..........................................................................................................................................22
Material Handling...............................................................................................................................22
Ground Support Equipment ................................................................................................................23
Ports ....................................................................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................25
APPENDICES ....................................................................................................................................27

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Index of Tables
Table 1 - Massachusetts Economic Data 2011 .............................................................................................8
Table 2 - Education Data Breakdown.........................................................................................................12
Table 3 - Food Sales Data Breakdown........................................................................................................12
Table 4 - Food Services Data Breakdown ..................................................................................................13
Table 5 - Inpatient Healthcare Date Breakdown.........................................................................................13
Table 6 - Lodging Data Breakdown............................................................................................................14
Table 7 -Public Order and Safety Data Breakdown....................................................................................15
Table 8 - 2002 Data for the Energy Intensive Industry by Sector ..............................................................15
Table 9 - Energy Intensive Industry Data Breakdown................................................................................16
Table 10 - Government Owned Building Data Breakdown........................................................................16
Table 11 - Wireless Telecommunication Data Breakdown ........................................................................16
Table 12 - Wastewater Treatment Plant Data Breakdown..........................................................................17
Table 13 - Landfill Data Breakdown ..........................................................................................................18
Table 14 – Massachusetts Top Airports' Enplanement Count ....................................................................18
Table 15 - Airport Data Breakdown ...........................................................................................................18
Table 16 - Military Data Breakdown ..........................................................................................................19
Table 17 - Average Energy Efficiency of Conventional and Fuel Cell Vehicles (mpge)...........................20
Table 18 - Ports Data Breakdown...............................................................................................................24
Table 19 –Summary of Potential Fuel Cell Applications ...........................................................................25
Index of Figures
Figure 1 - Energy Consumption by Sector....................................................................................................9
Figure 2 - Electric Power Generation by Primary Energy Source................................................................9
Figure 3 - Massachusetts Electrical Consumption per Sector.....................................................................11
Figure 4 - U.S. Lodging, Energy Consumption ..........................................................................................14

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INTRODUCTION
A Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Industry Development Plan was created for each state in the Northeast region
(Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New
Jersey), with support from the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy (DOE), to increase awareness
and facilitate the deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell technology. The intent of this guidance document
is to make available information regarding the economic value and deployment opportunities for
hydrogen and fuel cell technology.1
A fuel cell is a device that uses hydrogen (or a hydrogen-rich fuel such as natural gas) and oxygen to
create an electric current. The amount of power produced by a fuel cell depends on several factors,
including fuel cell type, stack size, operating temperature, and the pressure at which the gases are
supplied to the cell. Fuel cells are classified primarily by the type of electrolyte they employ, which
determines the type of chemical reactions that take place in the cell, the temperature range in which the
cell operates, the fuel required, and other factors. These characteristics, in turn, affect the applications for
which these cells are most suitable. There are several types of fuel cells currently in use or under
development, each with its own advantages, limitations, and potential applications. These technologies
and applications are identified in Appendix VII.
Fuel cells have the potential to replace the internal combustion engine (ICE) in vehicles and provide
power for stationary and portable power applications. Fuel cells are in commercial service as distributed
power plants in stationary applications throughout the world, providing thermal energy and electricity to
power homes and businesses. Fuel cells are also used in transportation applications, such as automobiles,
trucks, buses, and other equipment. Fuel cells for portable applications, which are currently in
development, can provide power for laptop computers and cell phones.
Fuel cells are cleaner and more efficient than traditional combustion-based engines and power plants;
therefore, less energy is needed to provide the same amount of power. Typically, stationary fuel cell
power plants are fueled with natural gas or other hydrogen rich fuel. Natural gas is widely available
throughout the northeast, is relatively inexpensive, and is primarily a domestic energy supply.
Consequently, natural gas shows the greatest potential to serve as a transitional fuel for the near future
hydrogen economy. Stationary fuel cells use a fuel reformer to convert the natural gas to near pure
hydrogen for the fuel cell stack. Because hydrogen can be produced using a wide variety of resources
found here in the U.S. including natural gas, biomass material, and through electrolysis using electricity
produced from indigenous sources, energy produced from a fuel cell can be considered renewable and
will reduce dependence on imported fuel. 2,3
When pure hydrogen is used to power a fuel cell, the only
by-products are water and heat; no pollutants or greenhouse gases (GHG) are produced.
1
Key stakeholders are identified in Appendix III
2
Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
3
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/education/, August 2011

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DRIVERS
The Northeast hydrogen and fuel cell industry, while still emerging, currently has an economic impact of
over $1 Billion of total revenue and investment. Massachusetts has nine original equipment
manufacturers (OEM) of hydrogen/fuel cell systems, giving the state a significant direct economic
impact, in addition to benefiting from secondary impacts of indirect and induced employment and
revenue.4
Furthermore, Massachusetts has a definitive and attractive economic development opportunity
to greatly increase its economic participation in the hydrogen and fuel cell industry within the Northeast
region and worldwide. An economic “SWOT” assessment for Massachusetts is provided in Appendix
VIII.
Industries in the Northeast, including those in Massachusetts, are facing increased pressure to reduce
costs, fuel consumption, and emissions that may be contributing to climate change. Currently,
Massachusetts’ businesses pay $.141 per kWh for electricity on average; this is the seventh highest cost of
electricity in the U.S.5
Massachusetts’ relative proximity to major load centers, the high cost of
electricity, concerns over regional air quality, available federal tax incentives, and legislative mandates in
Massachusetts and neighboring states have resulted in renewed interest in the development of efficient
renewable energy. Incentives designed to assist individuals and organizations in energy conservation and
the development of renewable energy are currently offered within the state. Appendix IV contains an
outline of Massachusetts’ incentives and renewable energy programs. Some specific factors that are
driving the market for hydrogen and fuel cell technology in Massachusetts include the following:
The current Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) recognizes fuel cells that operate from
renewable fuels as a “Class I” renewable energy source and calls for an increase in renewable
energy used in the state from its current level of approximately nine percent to approximately 15
percent by 2020. 6
– promotes stationary power applications.
Net Metering requires all electric utilities to provide, upon request, net metering to customers who
generate electricity using renewable-energy systems with a maximum capacity of 60 kWs for
“Class I” facilities.7
– promotes stationary power applications.
Massachusetts is one of the states in the ten-state region that is part of the Regional Greenhouse
Gas Initiative (RGGI), the nation’s first mandatory market-based program to reduce emissions of
carbon dioxide (CO2). RGGI's goals are to stabilize and cap emissions at 188 million tons
annually from 2009-2014 and to reduce CO2-emissions by 2.5 percent per year from 2015-2018.8
– promotes stationary power and transportation applications.
Under the Idle Reduction Requirement, a motor vehicle may not idle for more than five
consecutive minutes. Regulations created to reduce CO2-emissions would not apply to hydrogen
4
There are now twelve total OEMs in Massachusetts, however data within this plan reflects the nine OEMs originally used
within the model. Twelve OEMs will increase the impact of the cluster and will be used when the model is run for the next year.
5
EIA, Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State,
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_6_a.html
6
DSIRE, “Massachusetts Renewable Portfolio Standards”,
http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=MA05R&re=1&ee=1, September 2, 2011
7
DSIRE, “Massachusetts – Net Metering”,
http://www.dsireusa.org/incentives/incentive.cfm?Incentive_Code=MA01R&re=1&ee=1, August 12, 2007
8
Seacoastonline.come, “RGGI: Quietly setting a standard”,
http://www.seacoastonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090920/NEWS/909200341/-1/NEWSMAP,
September 20, 2009

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fueled vehicles because the technology goes not cause or contribute to air pollution.9
– promotes
transportation applications.
Hybrid Electric (HEV) Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements: When
purchasing new motor vehicles, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts must purchase HEVs or
AFVs to the maximum extent feasible and consistent with the ability of such vehicles to perform
their intended functions. HEVs and AFVs must be acquired at a rate of at least 5% annually for
all new motor vehicle purchases so that not less than 50 percent of the motor vehicles the
Commonwealth owns and operates will be HEVs or AFVs by 2018.10
– promotes transportation
applications.
The Massachusetts LEV Program requires all new passenger cars and light-duty trucks, medium-
duty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles and engines sold and registered in Massachusetts to meet
California emission and compliance requirements, as set forth in Title 13 of the California Code
of Regulations. Manufacturers must comply with the Zero Emission Vehicle sales and
greenhouse gas emissions requirements.11
– promotes transportation applications.
9
EERE, “Idle Reduction Requirement”, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/law/MA/5997, September, 2010
10
EERE, “Hybrid Electric (HEV) Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Acquisition Requirements”,
http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/law/MA/6468, September 2011
11
EERE, “Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Standards”, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/law/MA/6504, September, 2011

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ECONOMIC IMPACT
The hydrogen and fuel cell industry has direct, indirect, and induced impacts on local and regional
economies. 12
A new hydrogen and/or fuel cell project directly affects the area’s economy through the
purchase of goods and services, generation of land use revenue, taxes or payments in lieu of taxes, and
employment. Secondary effects include both indirect and induced economic effects resulting from the
circulation of the initial spending through the local economy, economic diversification, changes in
property values, and the use of indigenous resources.
Massachusetts is home to more than 300 companies that are part of the growing hydrogen and fuel cell
industry supply chain in the Northeast region. Lists of these companies can be seen in Appendix V and
Appendix VI. Realizing approximately $171 million in revenue and investments from their participation
in this regional cluster in 2010, these companies include manufacturing, parts distributing, supplying of
industrial gas, engineering based research and development (R&D), coating applications, and managing
of venture capital funds. 13
Furthermore, the hydrogen and fuel cell industry is estimated to have
contributed approximately $9.8 million in state and local tax revenue and $147 million in gross state
products. Table 1 shows Massachusetts’ impact in the Northeast region’s hydrogen and fuel cell industry
as of April 2011.
Table 1 - Massachusetts Economic Data 2011
Massachusetts Economic Data
Supply Chain Members 314
Direct Rev ($M) 59.6
Direct Jobs 346
Direct Labor Income ($M) 39.21
Indirect Rev ($M) 55.26
Indirect Jobs 238
Indirect Labor Income ($M) 19.95
Induced Revenue ($M) 56.35
Induced Jobs 380
Induced Labor Income ($M) 20.24
Total Revenue ($M) 171.21
Total Jobs 964
Total Labor Income ($M) 79.4
In addition, there are over 118,000 people employed across 3,500 companies within the Northeast
registered as part of the motor vehicle industry. Approximately 15,040 of these individuals and 485 of
these companies are located in Massachusetts. If newer/emerging hydrogen and fuel cell technology were
to gain momentum within the transportation sector, the estimated employment rate for the hydrogen and
fuel cell industry could grow significantly in the region.14
12
Indirect impacts are the estimated output (i.e., revenue), employment and labor income in other business (i.e., not-OEMs) that
are associated with the purchases made by hydrogen and fuel cell OEMs, as well as other companies in the sector’s supply chain.
Induced impacts are the estimated output, employment and labor income in other businesses (i.e., non-OEMs) that are associated
with the purchases by workers related to the hydrogen and fuel cell industry.
13
Northeast Electrochemical Energy Storage Cluster Supply Chain Database Search, http://neesc.org/resources/?type=1, April 8,
2011
14
NAICS Codes: Motor Vehicle – 33611, Motor Vehicle Parts – 3363

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Residential
31%
Commercial
20%
Industrial
17%
Transportation
32%
POTENTIAL STATIONARY TARGETS
In 2009, Massachusetts consumed the equivalent of 418 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of energy from
the transportation, residential, industrial, and commercial sectors.15
Electricity consumption in
Massachusetts was approximately 54.4 million MWh, and is forecasted to grow at a rate of 1.1 percent
annually over the next decade.16,17
Figure 1 illustrates the percent of total energy consumed by each sector
in Massachusetts. A more detailed breakout of energy use is provided in Appendix II.
Massachusetts represents approximately 46 percent of the population in New England and 46 percent of
the region’s total electricity consumption. The State relies on both in-state resources and imports of
power over the region’s transmission system to serve electricity to customers. Net electrical demand in
Massachusetts was 6,205 MW in 2009 and is projected to increase by approximately 420 MW by 2015.18
Further, the state’s overall electricity demand is forecasted to grow at a rate of 1.1 percent (1.4 percent
peak summer demand growth) annually over the next decade. Demand for new electric capacity as well
as a replacement of older less efficient base-load generation facilities is expected. With approximately
13,400 MW in total capacity of generation plants, Massachusetts represents 42 percent of the total
capacity in New England. 19
As shown in Figure 2, natural gas was the primary energy source for
electricity consumed in Massachusetts for 2009.20
15
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), “State Energy Data System”,
“http://www.eia.gov/state/seds/hf.jsp?incfile=sep_sum/html/rank_use.html”, August 2011
16
EIA, “Electric Power Annual 2009 – State Data Tables”, www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sprdshts.html, January, 2011
17
ISO New England, “Massachusetts 2011 State Profile”, www.iso-ne.com/nwsiss/grid_mkts/key_facts/ma_01-
2011_profile.pdf, January, 2011
18
EIA, “1990 - 2010 Retail Sales of Electricity by State by Sector by Provider (EIA-861)”,
http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/epa/epa_sprdshts.html, January 4, 2011
19
ISO New England, “Massachusetts 2011 State Profile”, www.iso-ne.com/nwsiss/grid_mkts/key_facts/ma_01-
2011_profile.pdf, January, 2011
20
EIA, “Massachusetts Electricity Profile”, http://www.eia.gov/cneaf/electricity/st_profiles/massachusetts.html, October, 2011
Figure 2 – Electric Power Generation
by Primary Energy Source
Figure 1 - Energy Consumption by Sector
Coal
19.1%
Petroleum
0.7%
Natural Gas
58.9%
Nuclear
13.6%
Hydroelectric
2.3%
Other Renewables
3.0%
Other
1.8%

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Fuel cell systems have many advantages over other conventional technologies, including:
High fuel-to-electricity efficiency (> 40 percent) utilizing hydrocarbon fuels;
Overall system efficiency of 85 to 93 percent;
Reduction of noise pollution;
Reduction of air pollution;
Often do not require new transmission;
Siting is not controversial; and
If near point of use, waste heat can be captured and used. Combined heat and power (CHP)
systems are more efficient and can reduce facility energy costs over applications that use separate
heat and central station power systems.21
Fuel cells can be deployed as a CHP technology that provides both power and thermal energy, and can
nearly double energy efficiency at a customer site, typically from 35 to 50 percent. The value of CHP
includes reduced transmission and distribution costs, reduced fuel use and associated emissions.22
Based
on the targets identified within this plan, there is the potential to develop at least approximately 301 MWs
of stationary fuel cell generation capacity in Massachusetts, which would provide the following benefits,
annually:
Production of approximately 2.38 million MWh of electricity
Production of approximately 6.39 million MMBTUs of thermal energy
Reduction of CO2 emissions of more than 840,000 tons (electric generation only)23
For the purpose of this plan, potential applications have been explored with a focus on fuel cells that have
a capacity between 300 kW to 400 kW. However, smaller fuel cells are potentially viable for specific
applications. Facilities that have electrical and thermal requirements that closely match the output of the
fuel cells potentially provide the best opportunity for the application of a fuel cell. Facilities that may be
good candidates for the application of a fuel cell include commercial buildings with potentially high
electricity consumption, selected government buildings, public works facilities, and energy intensive
industries.
Commercial building types with high electricity consumption have been identified as potential locations
for on-site generation and CHP application based on data from the Energy Information Administration’s
(EIA) Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). These selected building types
making up the CBECS subcategory within the commercial industry include:
Education
Food Sales
Food Services
Inpatient Healthcare
Lodging
Public Order & Safety24
21
FuelCell2000, “Fuel Cell Basics”, www.fuelcells.org/basics/apps.html, July, 2011
22
“Distributed Generation Market Potential: 2004 Update Connecticut and Southwest Connecticut”, ISE, Joel M. Rinebold,
ECSU, March 15, 2004
23
Replacement of conventional fossil fuel generating capacity with methane fuel cells could reduce carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions by between approximately 100 and 600 lb/MWh: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), eGRID2010 Version
1.1 Year 2007 GHG Annual Output Emission Rates, Annual non-baseload output emission rates (NPCC New England); FuelCell
Energy, DFC 300 Product sheet, http://www.fuelcellenergy.com/files/FCE%20300%20Product%20Sheet-lo-rez%20FINAL.pdf;
UTC Power, PureCell Model 400 System Performance Characteristics, http://www.utcpower.com/products/purecell400

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MASSACHUSETTS
The commercial building types identified above represent top principal building activity classifications
that reported the highest value for electricity consumption on a per building basis and have a potentially
high load factor for the application of CHP. Appendix II further defines Massachusetts’ estimated
electrical consumption per each sector. As illustrated in Figure 3, this targeted CBECS subcategory
within the commercial sector are estimated to account for approximately 13 percent of Massachusetts’
total electrical consumption. Graphical representation of potential targets reflected are depicted in
Appendix I.
Figure 3 – Massachusetts Electrical Consumption per Sector
Education
There are approximately 854 non-public schools and 1,934 public schools (418 of which are considered
high schools with 100 or more students enrolled) in the Massachusetts.25,26
High schools operate for a
longer period of time daily due to extracurricular after school activities, such as clubs and athletics.
Furthermore, 11 of these schools have swimming pools, which make the sites especially attractive
because it would increase the utilization of both the electrical and thermal output offered by a fuel cell.
There are also 205 colleges and universities in Massachusetts. Colleges and universities have facilities
for students, faculty, administration, and maintenance crews that typically include dormitories, cafeterias,
gyms, libraries, and athletic departments – some with swimming pools. Of these 623 locations (418 high
schools and 205 colleges), 594 are located in communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 1:
Education).
Educational establishments in other states such as Connecticut and New York have shown interest in fuel
cell technology. Examples of existing or planned fuel cell applications include South Windsor High
School (CT), Liverpool High School (NY), Rochester Institute of Technology, Yale University,
University of Connecticut, and the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and
Forestry. Some colleges and universities in Massachusetts, such as the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, have demonstrated fuel cell technology at their institution.
24
As defined by CBECS, Public Order & Safety facilities are: buildings used for the preservation of law and order or public
safety. Although these sites are usually described as government facilities they are referred to as commercial buildings because
their similarities in energy usage with the other building sites making up the CBECS data.
25
EIA, Description of CBECS Building Types, www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/building_types.html
26
Public schools are classified as magnets, charters, alternative schools and special facilities

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Table 2 - Education Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
2,993
(16)
594
(27)
216
(31)
64.8
(31)
510,883
(31)
1,375,979
(31)
181,364
(42)
Food Sales
There are over 7,000 businesses in Massachusetts known to be engaged in the retail sale of food. Food
sales establishments are potentially good candidates for fuel cells based on their electrical demand and
thermal requirements for heating and refrigeration. 243 of these sites are considered larger food sales
businesses with approximately 60 or more employees at their site.27
Of these 243 businesses, 237 are
located in communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 2: Food Sales).28
The application of
a large fuel cell (>300) at a small convenience store may not be economically viable based on the electric
demand and operational requirements; however, a smaller fuel cell ( 5 kW) may be appropriate.
Popular grocery chains such as Price Chopper, Supervalu, Whole foods, and Stop and Shop have shown
interest in powering their stores with fuel cells in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New York.29
Star
Market, located in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts is a location where a fuel cell power plant has been
installed. In addition, grocery distribution centers, such as Shaw’s Perishable Distribution Center in
Methuen, Massachusetts, are prime targets for the application of hydrogen and fuel cell technology for
both stationary power and material handling equipment.
Table 3 - Food Sales Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
7,000
(14)
237
(20)
237
(20)
71.1
(20)
560,552
(20)
1,509,754
(20)
198,996
(31)
Food Service
There are over 10,000 businesses in Massachusetts that can be classified as food service establishments
because they are used for the preparation and sale of food and beverages for consumption.30
Approximately 84 of these sites are considered larger restaurant businesses with approximately 130 or
more employees at their site and are located in communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure
3: Food Services).31
The application of a large fuel cell (>300 kW) at smaller restaurants with less than
130 workers may not be economically viable based on the electric demand and operational requirements;
however, a smaller fuel cell ( 5 kW) may be appropriate to meet hot water and space heating
requirements. A significant portion (18 percent) of the energy consumed in a commercial food service
27
On average, food sale facilities consume 43,000 kWh of electricity per worker on an annual basis. Current fuel cell technology
(>300 kW) can satisfy annual electricity consumption loads between 2,628,000 – 3,504,000 kWh. Calculations show food sales
facilities employing more than 61 workers may represent favorable opportunities for the application of a larger fuel cell.
28
29
Clean Energy States Alliance (CESA), “Fuel Cells for Supermarkets – Cleaner Energy with Fuel Cell Combined Heat and
Power Systems”, Benny Smith, www.cleanenergystates.org/assets/Uploads/BlakeFuelCellsSupermarketsFB.pdf
30
31
On average, food service facilities consume 20,300 kWh of electricity per worker on an annual basis. Current fuel cell
technology (>300 kW) can satisfy annual electricity consumption loads between 2,628,000 – 3,504,000 kWh. Calculations show
food service facilities employing more than 130 workers may represent favorable opportunities for the application of a larger fuel
cell.

13
MASSACHUSETTS
operation can be attributed to the domestic hot water heating load.32
In other parts of the U.S., popular
chains, such as McDonalds, are beginning to show an interest in the smaller sized fuel cell units for the
provision of electricity and thermal energy, including domestic water heating.33
Table 4 - Food Services Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
10,000
(16)
84
(22)
84
(22)
25.2
(22)
198,677
(22)
535,103
(22)
70,530
(24)
Inpatient Healthcare
There are over 691 inpatient healthcare facilities in Massachusetts; 124 of which are classified as
hospitals.34
Of these 124 hospitals, 79 are located in communities serviced by natural gas and contain 100
or more beds onsite (Appendix I – Figure 4: Inpatient Healthcare). Hospitals represent an excellent
opportunity for the application of fuel cells because they require a high availability factor of electricity for
lifesaving medical devices and operate 24/7 with a relatively flat load curve. Furthermore, medical
equipment, patient rooms, sterilized/operating rooms, data centers, and kitchen areas within these
facilities are often required to be in operational conditions at all times which maximizes the use of
electricity and thermal energy from a fuel cell. Nationally, hospital energy costs have increased 56
percent from $3.89 per square foot in 2003 to $6.07 per square foot for 2010, partially due to the
increased cost of energy.35
Examples of healthcare facilities with planned or operational fuel cells include St. Francis, Stamford, and
Waterbury hospitals in Connecticut, and North Central Bronx Hospital in New York.
Table 5 - Inpatient Healthcare Date Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
691
(17)
79
(19)
79
(19)
23.7
(19)
186,851
(19)
503,251
(19)
66,332
(29)
32
“Case Studies in Restaurant Water Heating”, Fisher, Donald, http://eec.ucdavis.edu/ACEEE/2008/data/papers/9_243.pdf, 2008
33
Sustainable business Oregon, “ClearEdge sustains brisk growth”,
http://www.sustainablebusinessoregon.com/articles/2010/01/clearedge_sustains_brisk_growth.html, May 8, 2011
34
35
BetterBricks, “http://www.betterbricks.com/graphics/assets/documents/BB_Article_EthicalandBusinessCase.pdf”, Page 1,
August 2011

14
MASSACHUSETTS
Office
Equipment, 4%
Ventilation, 4%
Refrigeration, 3%
Lighting, 11%
Cooling, 13%
Space Heating ,
33%
Water Heating ,
18%
Cooking, 5% Other, 9%
Lodging
There are over 1,900 establishments specializing
in travel/lodging accommodations that include
hotels, motels, or inns in Massachusetts.
Approximately 143 of these establishments have
100 or more rooms onsite, and can be classified
as “larger sized” lodging that may have
additional attributes, such as heated pools,
exercise facilities, and/or restaurants. 36
Of these
146 locations, 136 are located in communities
serviced by natural gas. As shown in Figure 4,
more than 60 percent of total energy use at a
typical lodging facility is due to lighting, space
heating, and water heating. 37
Popular hotel
chains such as the Hilton and Starwood Hotels
have shown interest in powering their
establishments with fuel cells in New Jersey and
New York.
Massachusetts also has 431 facilities identified
as convalescent homes, 87 of which have bed
capacities greater than, or equal to 150 units,
and are located in communities serviced by
natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 5: Lodging). 38
Table 6 - Lodging Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
1,358
(17)
223
(25)
223
(25)
66.9
(25)
527,440
(25)
1,420,571
(25)
187,241
(39)
Public Order and Safety
There are approximately 603 facilities in Massachusetts that can be classified as public order and safety;
these include 274 fire stations, 304 police stations, seven state police stations, and 23 prisons. 39,40
48 of
these locations employ more than 210 workers and are located in communities serviced by natural gas.41,42
36
EPA, “CHP in the Hotel and Casino Market Sector”, www.epa.gov/chp/documents/hotel_casino_analysis.pdf, December, 2005
37
National Grid, “Managing Energy Costs in Full-Service Hotels”,
www.nationalgridus.com/non_html/shared_energyeff_hotels.pdf, 2004
38
Assisted-Living-List, “List of 491 Nursing Homes in Massachusetts (MA)”, http://assisted-living-list.com/ma-nursing-homes//
, September, 2011
39
40
USACOPS – The Nations Law Enforcement Site, www.usacops.com/me/
41
CBECS,“Table C14”, http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/cbecs2003/detailed_tables_2003/2003set19/2003pdf/alltables.pdf,
November, 2011
42
On average, public order and safety facilities consume 12,400 kWh of electricity per worker on an annual basis. Current fuel
cell technology (>300 kW) can satisfy annual electricity consumption loads between 2,628,000 – 3,504,000 kWh. Calculations
show public order and safety facilities employing more than 212 workers may represent favorable opportunities for the
application of a larger fuel cell.
Figure 4 - U.S. Lodging, Energy Consumption

15
MASSACHUSETTS
These applications may represent favorable opportunities for the application of a larger fuel cell (>300
kW), which could provide heat and uninterrupted power. 43,44
The sites identified (Appendix I – Figure 6:
Public Order and Safety) will have special value to provide increased reliability to mission critical
facilities associated with public safety and emergency response during grid outages. The application of a
large fuel cell (>300 kW) at public order and safety facilities with less than 210 employees may not be
economically viable based on the electrical demand and operational requirement; however, a smaller fuel
cell ( 5 kW) may be appropriate. Central Park Police Station in New York City, New York is presently
powered by a 200 kW fuel cell system.
Table 7 -Public Order and Safety Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
603
(18)
48
(15)
48
(15)
14.4
(15)
113,530
(15)
305,773
(15)
40,303
(23)
Energy Intensive Industries
As shown in Table 2, energy intensive industries with high electricity consumption (which on average is
4.8 percent of annual operating costs) have been identified as potential locations for the application of a
fuel cell.45
In Massachusetts, there are approximately 787 of these industrial facilities that are involved in
the manufacture of aluminum, cement, food, chemicals, forest products, glass, metal casting, petroleum,
coal products or iron and steel and employ 25 or more employees.46
Of these 787 locations, 761 are
located in communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 7: Energy Intensive Industries).
Table 8 - 2002 Data for the Energy Intensive Industry by Sector47
NAICS Code Sector Energy Consumption per Dollar Value of Shipments (kWh)
325 Chemical manufacturing 2.49
322 Pulp and Paper 4.46
324110 Petroleum Refining 4.72
311 Food manufacturing 0.76
331111 Iron and steel 8.15
321 Wood Products 1.23
3313 Alumina and aluminum 3.58
327310 Cement 16.41
33611 Motor vehicle manufacturing 0.21
3315 Metal casting 1.64
336811 Shipbuilding and ship repair 2.05
3363 Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 2.05
Companies such as Coca-Cola, Johnson & Johnson, and Pepperidge Farms in Connecticut, New Jersey,
and New York have installed fuel cells to help supply energy to their facilities.
42
43
2,628,000 / 12,400 = 211.94
44
CBECS,“Table C14”, http://www.eia.gov/emeu/cbecs/cbecs2003/detailed_tables_2003/2003set19/2003pdf/alltables.pdf,
November, 2011
45
EIA, “Electricity Generation Capability”, 1999 CBECS, www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs/pba99/comparegener.html
46
Proprietary market data
47
EPA, “Energy Trends in Selected Manufacturing Sectors”, www.epa.gov/sectors/pdf/energy/ch2.pdf, March 2007

16
MASSACHUSETTS
Table 9 - Energy Intensive Industry Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
787
(17)
76
(18)
76
(18)
22.8
(18)
179,755
(18)
484,141
(18)
63,813
(29)
Government Owned Buildings
Buildings operated by the federal government can be found at 187 locations in Massachusetts; 16 of these
properties are actively owned, rather than leased, by the federal government and are located in
communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 8: Federal Government Operated Buildings).
There are also a number of buildings owned and operated by the State of Massachusetts. The application
of fuel cell technology at government owned buildings would assist in balancing load requirements at
these sites and offer a unique value for active and passive public education associated with the high usage
of these public buildings.
Table 10 - Government Owned Building Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
187
(15)
16
(18)
16
(18)
4.8
(18)
37,843
(18)
101,924
(18)
13,434
(27)
Wireless Telecommunication Sites
The telecommunications industry in Massachusetts is an $800 million industry.48
Telecommunications
companies rely on electricity to run call centers, cell phone towers, and other vital equipment. In
Massachusetts, there are more than 583 telecommunications and/or wireless company tower sites
(Appendix I – Figure 9: Telecommunication Sites). Any loss of power at these locations may result in a
loss of service to customers; thus, having reliable power is critical. Each individual site represents an
opportunity to provide back-up power for continuous operation through the application of on-site back-up
generation powered by hydrogen and fuel cell technology. It is an industry standard to install units
capable of supplying 48-72 hours of backup power, which is typically accomplished with batteries or
conventional emergency generators.49
The deployment of fuel cells at selected telecommunication sites
will have special value to provide increased reliability to critical sites associated with emergency
communications and homeland security. An example of a telecommunication site that utilizes fuel cell
technology to provide back-up power is a T-Mobile facility located in Storrs, Connecticut.
Table 11 - Wireless Telecommunication Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
583
(15)
58
(15)
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)
48
NHPUC, “Telecom”, www.puc.nh.gov/telecom/telecom.htm, July 7, 2011
49
ReliOn, Hydrogen Fuel Cell: Wireless Applications”, www.relion-inc.com/pdf/ReliOn_AppsWireless_2010.pdf, May 4, 2011

17
MASSACHUSETTS
There are 144 WWTPs in Massachusetts that have design flows ranging from 4,800 gallons per day
(GPD) to 294 million gallons per day (MGD); 36 of these facilities average between 3 – 294 MGD.
WWTPs account for approximately three percent of the electric load in the U.S.50
Digester gas produced
at WWTP’s, which is usually 60 percent methane, can serve as a fuel substitute for natural gas to power
fuel cells. Anaerobic digesters generally require a wastewater flow greater than three MGD for an
economy of scale to collect and use the methane.51
WWTPs typically operate 24/7 and may be able to
utilize the thermal energy from the fuel cell to process fats, oils, and grease.52
Most facilities currently
represent a lost opportunity to capture and use the digestion of methane emissions created from their
operations (Appendix I – Figure 10: Solid and Liquid Waste Sites).53,54
A 200 kW fuel cell power plant in Yonkers, New York, was the world’s first commercial fuel cell to run
on a waste gas created at a wastewater treatment plant. The fuel cell generates about 1,600 MWh of
electricity a year, and reduces methane emissions released to the environment.55
A 200 kW fuel cell
power plant was also installed at the Water Pollution Control Authority’s WWTP in New Haven,
Connecticut, and produces 10 – 15 percent of the facility’s electricity, reducing energy costs by almost
$13,000 a year.56
Table 12 - Wastewater Treatment Plant Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
143
(25)
4
(25)
4
(25)
1.2
(25)
9,461
(25)
25,481
(25)
3,359
(40)
Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)
There are 39 landfills in Massachusetts identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through
their LMOP program; 18 of which are operational, two are candidates, and 19 are considered potential
sites for the production and recovery of methane gas.57,58
The amount of methane emissions released by a
given site is dependent upon the amount of material in the landfill and the amount of time the material has
been in place. Similar to WWTPs, methane emissions from landfills could be captured and used as a fuel
to power a fuel cell system. In 2009, municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills were responsible for
producing approximately 17 percent of human-related methane emissions in the nation. These locations
could produce renewable energy and help manage the release of methane (Appendix I – Figure 10: Solid
and Liquid Waste Sites).
50
EPA, Wastewater Management Fact Sheet, “Introduction”, July, 2006
51
EPA, Wastewater Management Fact Sheet, www.p2pays.org/energy/WastePlant.pdf, July, 2011
52
“Beyond Zero Net Energy: Case Studies of Wastewater Treatment for Energy and Resource Production”, Toffey, Bill,
September 2010, http://www.awra-pmas.memberlodge.org/Resources/Documents/Beyond_NZE_WWT-Toffey-9-16-2010.pdf
53
“GHG Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and Biosolids Management”, Beecher, Ned, November 20, 2009,
www.des.state.nh.us/organization/divisions/water/wmb/rivers/watershed_conference/documents/2009_fri_climate_2.pdf
54
EPA, Wastewater Management Fact Sheet, www.p2pays.org/energy/WastePlant.pdf, May 4, 2011
55
NYPA, “WHAT WE DO – Fuel Cells”, www.nypa.gov/services/fuelcells.htm, August 8, 2011
56
Conntact.com; “City to Install Fuel Cell”,
http://www.conntact.com/archive_index/archive_pages/4472_Business_New_Haven.html; August 15, 2003
57
LMOP defines a candidate landfill as “one that is accepting waste or has been closed for five years or less, has at
least one million tons of waste, and does not have an operational or, under-construction project ”EPA, “Landfill
Methane Outreach Program”, www.epa.gov/lmop/basic-info/index.html, April 7, 2011
58
Due to size, individual sites may have more than one potential, candidate, or operational project.

18
MASSACHUSETTS
Table 13 - Landfill Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
22
(10)
2
(14)
2
(14)
0.6
(14)
4,730
(14)
12,741
(14)
1,679
(23)
Airports
During peak air travel times in the U.S., there are approximately 50,000 airplanes in the sky each day.
Ensuring safe operations of commercial and private aircrafts are the responsibility of air traffic
controllers. Modern software, host computers, voice communication systems, and instituted full scale
glide path angle capabilities assist air traffic controllers in tracking and communicating with aircrafts;59
consequently, reliable electricity is extremely important and present an opportunity for a fuel cell power
application.
There are approximately 76 airports in Massachusetts, including 42 that are open to the public and have
scheduled services. Of those 42 airports, eight (Table 3) have 2,500 or more passengers enplaned each
year; six of these eight facilities are located in communities serviced by natural gas. (See Appendix I –
Figure 11: Commercial Airports). An example, of an airport currently hosting a fuel cell power plant to
provide backup power is Albany International Airport located in Albany, New York.
Table 14 – Massachusetts Top Airports' Enplanement Count
Airport60
Total Enplanement in 2000
General Edward Lawrence Logan International 13,613,507
Nantucket Memorial 296,451
Barnstable Municipal 205,906
Laurence G. Hanscom Field 82,204
Martha’s Vineyard 71,150
Worchester Regional 52,916
New Bedford Regional 22,882
Two of Massachusetts’ 76 airports are considered “Joint-Use” airports. Westover Army Reserve Base
Metropolitan (CEF) and Barnstable Municipal (BAV) are facilities where the military department
authorizes use of the military runway for public airport services. Army Aviation Support Facilities
(AASF), located at these sites are used by the Army to provide aircraft and equipment readiness, train and
utilize military personnel, conduct flight training and operations, and perform field level maintenance.
These locations represent favorable opportunities for the application of uninterruptible power for
necessary services associated with national defense and emergency response. Furthermore, both of these
sites are located in communities serviced by natural gas (Appendix I – Figure 11: Commercial Airports).
Table 15 - Airport Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
76
(9)
9(2)
(18)
9
(18)
2.7
(18)
21,287
(18)
57,332
(18)
7,557
(27)
59
Howstuffworks.com, “How Air Traffic Control Works”, Craig, Freudenrich,
http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/flight/modern/air-traffic-control5.htm, May 4, 2011
60
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Massachusetts Transportation Profile”,
www.bts.gov/publications/state_transportation_statistics/massachusetts/pdf/entire.pdf, March 30, 2011

19
MASSACHUSETTS
Military
The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is the largest funding organization in terms of supporting fuel
cell activities for military applications in the world. DOD is using fuel cells for:
Stationary units for power supply in bases.
Fuel cell units in transport applications.
Portable units for equipping individual soldiers or group of soldiers.
In a collaborative partnership with the DOE, the DOD plans to install and operate 18 fuel cell backup
power systems at eight of its military installations, two of which are located within the Northeast region
(New York and New Jersey).61
Fort Devens, Hanscom Air Force Base, and Soldier Systems Center in
Massachusetts, are additional military sites for the potential application of hydrogen and fuel cell
technology (Appendix I – Figure 11: Commercial Airports).
Table 16 - Military Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
3
(21)
3
(21)
3
(21)
0.9
(21)
7,096
(21)
19,111
(21)
2,519
(35)
61
Fuel Cell Today, “US DoD to Install Fuel cell Backup Power Systems at Eight Military Installations”,
http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/online/news/articles/2011-07/US-DOD-FC-Backup-Power-Systems, July 20, 2011

20
MASSACHUSETTS
POTENTIAL TRANSPORTATION TARGETS
Transportation is responsible for one-fourth of the total global GHG emissions and consumes 75 percent
of the world’s oil production. In 2010, the U.S. used 21 million barrels of non-renewable petroleum each
day. Roughly 32 percent of Massachusetts’ energy consumption is due to demands of the transportation
sector, including gasoline and on-highway diesel petroleum for automobiles, sport utility vehicles, cars,
trucks, and buses. A small percent of non-renewable petroleum is used for jet and ship fuel.62
The current economy in the U.S. is dependent on hydrocarbon energy sources and any disruption or
shortage of this energy supply will severely affect many energy related activities, including
transportation. As oil and other non-sustainable hydrocarbon energy resources become scarce, energy
prices will increase and the reliability of supply will be reduced. Government and industry are now
investigating the use of hydrogen and renewable energy as a replacement of hydrocarbon fuels.
Hydrogen-fueled fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have many advantages over conventional
technology, including:
Quiet operation;
Near zero emissions of controlled pollutants such as nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon gases or particulates;
Substantial (30 to 50 percent) reduction in GHG emissions on a well-to-wheel basis compared to
conventional gasoline or gasoline-hybrid vehicles when the hydrogen is produced by
conventional methods such as natural gas; and 100 percent when hydrogen is produced from a
clean energy source;
Ability to fuel vehicles with indigenous energy sources which reduces dependence on imported
energy and adds to energy security; and
Higher efficiency than conventional vehicles (See Table 4).63,64
Table 17 - Average Energy Efficiency of Conventional and Fuel Cell Vehicles (mpge65
)
Passenger Car Light Truck Transit Bus
Hydrogen Gasoline Hybrid Gasoline Hydrogen Gasoline Hydrogen Fuel Cell Diesel
52 50 29.3 49.2 21.5 5.4 3.9
FCEVs can reduce price volatility, dependence on oil, improve environmental performance, and provide
greater efficiencies than conventional transportation technologies, as follows:
Replacement of gasoline-fueled passenger vehicles and light duty trucks, and diesel-fueled transit
buses with FCEVs could result in annual CO2 emission reductions (per vehicle) of approximately
10,170, 15,770, and 182,984 pounds per year, respectively.66
62
“US Oil Consumption to BP Spill”, http://applesfromoranges.com/2010/05/us-oil-consumption-to-bp-spill/, May31, 2010
63
“Challenges for Sustainable Mobility and Development of Fuel Cell Vehicles”, Masatami Takimoto, Executive Vice President,
Toyota Motor Corporation, January 26, 2006. Presentation at the 2nd
International Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Expo Technical
Conference Tokyo, Japan
64
“Twenty Hydrogen Myths”, Amory B. Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute, June 20, 2003
65
Miles per Gallon Equivalent
66
Fuel Cell Economic Development Plan, Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development and the
Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, Inc, January 1, 2008, Calculations based upon average annual mileage of 12,500
miles for passenger car and 14,000 miles for light trucks (U.S. EPA) and 37,000 average miles/year per bus (U.S. DOT FTA,
2007)

21
MASSACHUSETTS
Replacement of gasoline-fueled passenger vehicles and light duty trucks, and diesel-fueled transit
buses with FCEVs could result in annual energy savings (per vehicle) of approximately 230
gallons of gasoline (passenger vehicle), 485 gallons of gasoline (light duty truck) and 4,390
gallons of diesel (bus).
Replacement of gasoline-fueled passenger vehicles, light duty trucks, and diesel-fueled transit
buses with FCEVs could result in annual fuel cost savings of approximately $885 per passenger
vehicle, $1,866 per light duty truck, and $17,560 per bus.67
Automobile manufacturers such as Toyota, General Motors, Honda, Daimler AG, and Hyundai have
projected that models of their FCEVs will begin to roll out in larger numbers by 2015. Longer term, the
U.S. DOE has projected that between 15.1 million and 23.9 million light duty FCEVs may be sold each
year by 2050 and between 144 million and 347 million light duty FCEVs may be in use by 2050 with a
transition to a hydrogen economy. These estimates could be accelerated if political, economic, energy
security or environmental polices prompt a rapid advancement in alternative fuels.68
Strategic targets for the application of hydrogen for transportation include alternative fueling stations;
Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) refueling stations; bus transits operations;
government, public, and privately owned fleets; and material handling and airport ground support
equipment (GSE). Graphical representation of potential targets analyzed are depicted in Appendix I.
Alternative Fueling Stations
There are approximately 2,700 retail fueling stations in Massachusetts;69
however, only 56 public and/or
private stations within the state provide alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, compressed natural gas
(CNG), liquid propane gas (LPG), ethanol (E85), electricity, and/or hydrogen for alternative-fueled
vehicles.70
There are also approximately 27 refueling stations owned and operated by MassDOT that can
be used by authorities operating federal and state safety vehicles, state transit vehicles, and employees of
universities that operate fleet vehicles on a regular basis.71
Development of hydrogen fueling at alternative
fueling stations and at selected locations owned and operated by MassDOT would help facilitate the
deployment of FCEVs within the state (Appendix I – Figure 12: Alternative Fueling Stations).
Currently, Massachusetts’ only hydrogen refueling station is located in Billerica at Nuvera’s headquarters.
There are approximately 18 existing or planned transportation fueling stations in the Northeast region
where hydrogen is provided as an alternative fuel.72,
67
U.S. EIA, Weekly Retail Gasoline and Diesel Prices: gasoline - $3.847 and diesel – 4.00,
www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pri_gnd_a_epm0r_pte_dpgal_w.htm
68
Effects of a Transition to a Hydrogen Economy on Employment in the United States: Report to Congress,
http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/congress_reports.html, August 2011
69
“Public retail gasoline stations state year” www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/data/docs/gasoline_stations_state.xls, May 5, 2011
70
Alternative Fuels Data Center, www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/stations/
71
EPA, “Government UST Noncompliance Report-2007”, www.epa.gov/oust/docs/MA%20Compliance%20Report.pdf
72
Alternative Fuels Data Center, http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/stations/

22
MASSACHUSETTS
Fleets
There are over 10,000 fleet vehicles (excluding state and federal vehicles) classified as non-leasing or
company owned vehicles in Massachusetts.73
Fleet vehicles typically account for more than twice the
amount of mileage, and therefore twice the fuel consumption and emissions, compared to personal
vehicles on a per vehicle basis. There is an additional 8,890 passenger automobiles and/or light duty
trucks in Massachusetts, owned by state and federal agencies (excluding state police) that traveled a
combined 69,463,246 miles in 2010, while releasing 5,056 metrics tons of CO2.74
Conversion of fleet
vehicles from conventional fossil fuels to FCEVs could significantly reduce petroleum consumption and
GHG emissions. Fleet vehicle hubs may be good candidates for hydrogen refueling and conversion to
FCEVs because they mostly operate on fixed routes or within fixed districts and are fueled from a
centralized station.
Bus Transit
There are approximately 1,030 directly operated buses that provide public transportation services in
Massachusetts.75
As discussed above, replacement of a conventional diesel transit bus with a fuel cell
transit bus would result in the reduction of CO2 emissions (estimated at approximately 183,000 pounds
per year), and reduction of diesel fuel (estimated at approximately 4,390 gallons per year).76
Although the
efficiency of conventional diesel buses has increased, conventional diesel buses, which typically achieve
fuel economy performance levels of 3.9 miles per gallon, have the greatest potential for energy savings by
using high efficiency fuel cells.
In September 2007, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) received an award for
being the “Largest Alternative Fuel User in Massachusetts”, mainly due to its fleet of 360 buses that run
on natural gas. The MBTA bus fleet consists of CNG, Emission Control Diesel (ECD), and all electric
buses, and is working to improve Boston’s air quality even further. In addition to Massachusetts, other
states have also begun the transition of fueling transit buses with alternative fuels to improve efficiency
and environmental performance.77
Material Handling
Material handling equipment, such as forklifts, are used by a variety of industries, including
manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, food, retailers, and wholesale trade to move goods
within a facility or to load goods for shipping to another site. Material handling equipment is usually
battery, propane, and/or diesel powered. Batteries that currently power material handling equipment are
heavy and take up significant storage space while only providing up to 6 hours of run time. Fuel cells can
ensure constant power delivery and performance, eliminating the reduction in voltage output that occurs
as batteries discharge. Fuel cell powered material handling equipment last more than twice as long (12-
14 hours) and also eliminate the need for battery storage and charging rooms, leaving more space for
products. In addition, fueling time only takes two to three minutes by the operator compared to least 20
73
Fleet.com, “2009-My Registration”, www.automotive-
fleet.com/Statistics/StatsViewer.aspx?file=http%3a%2f%2fwww.automotive-fleet.com%2ffc_resources%2fstats%2fAFFB10-16-
top10-state.pdf&channel
74
U.S. General Services Administration, “GSA 2010 Fleet Reports”, Table 4-2, http://www.gsa.gov/portal/content/230525, September
2011
75
NTD Date, “TS2.2 - Service Data and Operating Expenses Time-Series by System”,
http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/data.htm, December 2011
76
Fuel Cell Economic Development Plan, Connecticut Department of Economic and Community Development and the
Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology, Inc, January 1, 2008.
77
Mass.gov, “Leading by Example: Transportation – Alternative Fuel”,
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=eoeeaterminal&L=4&L0=Home&L1=Grants+%26+Technical+Assistance&L2=Guidance+%26+
Technical+Assistance&L3=Greening+State+Government&sid=Eoeea&b=terminalcontent&f=eea_lbe_lbe_transportation&csid=
Eoeea, September, 2011

23
MASSACHUSETTS
minutes or more for each battery replacement (assuming one is available), which saves the operator
valuable time and increases warehouse productivity.
Fuel cell powered material handling equipment has significant cost advantages, compared to batteries,
such as:
1.5 times lower maintenance cost;
8 times lower refueling/recharging labor cost;
2 times lower net present value of total operations and management (O&M) system cost.
63 percent less emissions of GHG (Appendix XI provides a comparison of PEM fuel cell and
battery-powered material handling equipment). 78
Fuel cell powered material handling equipment is already in use at dozens of warehouses, distribution
centers, and manufacturing plants in North America.79
Large corporations that are currently using or
planning to use fuel cell powered material handling equipment include CVS, Coca-Cola, BMW, Central
Grocers, and Wal-Mart (Refer to Appendix X for a partial list of companies in North America that use
fuel cell powered forklifts).80
There are approximately 25 distribution center/warehouse sites that have
been identified in Massachusetts that may benefit from the use of fuel cell powered material handling
equipment (Appendix I – Figure 13: Distribution Centers/Warehouses & Ports).
Ground Support Equipment
Ground support equipment (GSE) such as catering trucks, deicers, and airport tugs can be battery
operated or more commonly run on diesel or gasoline. As an alternative, hydrogen-powered tugs are
being developed for both military and commercial applications. While their performance is similar to that
of other battery-powered equipment, a fuel cell-powered GSE remains fully charged (provided there is
hydrogen fuel available) and do not experience performance lag at the end of a shift like battery-powered
GSE.81
Potential large end-users of GSE that serve Massachusetts’ largest airports include Air Canada,
Air France, British Airways, Continental, Southwest Airlines, JetBlue, United, and US Airways
(Appendix I – Figure 11: Commercial Airports).
82
Ports
Ports in Boston, Fall River, New Bedford, Gloucester Harbor, and Fore River Shipyard, which service
large vessels such as container ships, tankers, bulk carriers, and cruise ships, may be candidates for
improved energy management. Massachusetts’ largest port, the Port of Boston, actively supports 34,000
jobs, and contributes more than $2 billion to the local, regional, and national economies through direct,
indirect, and induced impact. Furthermore, the Port of Boston hosts privately owned petroleum and
liquefied natural gas terminals, which supply more than 90 percent of Massachusetts' heating and fossil
fuel needs and handles nearly 1.5 million metric tons of cargo each year. Boston’s top imports are
79
DOE EERE, “Early Markets: Fuel Cells for Material Handling Equipment”,
www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/education/pdfs/early_markets_forklifts.pdf, February 2011
80
Plug Power, “Plug Power Celebrates Successful year for Company’s Manufacturing and Sales Activity”,
www.plugpower.com, January 4, 2011
81
Battelle, “Identification and Characterization of Near-Term Direct Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Markets”,
April 2007, www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/pemfc_econ_2006_report_final_0407.pdf
82
Logan Airport, “Airlines at Boston Logan”, http://www.massport.com/logan-airport/about-logan/Pages/Airlines.aspx,
September, 2011

24
MASSACHUSETTS
alcoholic beverages, frozen seafood, footwear and furniture, while top exports include hides and skins,
automobiles, logs and lumber, frozen seafood, paper, and scrap metal. 83
In one year, a single large container ship can emit pollutants equivalent to that of 50 million cars. The
low grade bunker fuel used by the worlds 90,000 cargo ships contains up to 2,000 times the amount of
sulfur compared to diesel fuel used in automobiles.84
While docked, vessels shut off their main engines
but use auxiliary diesel and steam engines to power refrigeration, lights, pumps, and other functions, a
process called “cold-ironing”. An estimated one-third of ship emissions occur while they are idling at
berth. Replacing auxiliary engines with on-shore electric power could significantly reduce emissions.
The application of fuel cell technology at ports may also provide electric and thermal energy for
improving energy management at warehouses and equipment operated between terminals (Appendix I –
Figure 13: Distribution Centers/Warehouses & Ports).85
Table 18 - Ports Data Breakdown
State
Total
Sites
Potential
Sites
FC Units
(300 Kw)
MWs
MWhrs
(per year)
Thermal Output
(MMBTU)
CO2 emissions
(ton per year)
MA
(% of Region)
20
(17)
5
(26)
5
(26)
1.5
(26)
11,826
(26)
31,851
(26)
4,198
(41)
83
Massport.com, “About Port of Boston”, http://www.massport.com/port-of-
boston/About%20Port%20of%20Boston/AboutPortofBoston.aspx, September 2011
84
“Big polluters: one massive container ship equals 50 million cars”, Paul, Evans, http://www.gizmag.com/shipping-
pollution/11526/, April 23,2009
85
Savemayportvillage.net, “Cruise Ship Pollution”, http://www.savemayportvillage.net/id20.html, October, 2011

25
MASSACHUSETTS
CONCLUSION
Hydrogen and fuel cell technology offers significant opportunities for improved energy reliability, energy
efficiency, and emission reductions. Large fuel cell units (>300 kW) may be appropriate for applications
that serve large electric and thermal loads. Smaller fuel cell units (< 300 kW) may provide back-up power
for telecommunication sites, restaurants/fast food outlets, and smaller sized public facilities at this time.
Table 19 –Summary of Potential Fuel Cell Applications
Category Total Sites
Potential
Sites
Number of Fuel
Cells
< 300 kW
Number of
Fuel Cells
>300 kW
CBECSData
Education 2,993 59486
378 216
Food Sales 7,000+ 23787
237
Food Services 10,000+ 8488
84
Inpatient Healthcare 691 7989
79
Lodging 1358 22390
223
Public Order & Safety 603 4891
48
Energy Intensive Industries 787 7692
76
Government Operated
Buildings
187 1693
16
Wireless
Telecommunication
Towers
58394
5895
58
WWTPs 143 496
4
Landfills 22 297
2
Airports (w/ AASF) 76 9 (2) 98
13
Military 3 3 3
Ports 20 5 5
Total 24,466 1,438 436 1,002
As shown in Table 5, the analysis provided here estimates that there are approximately 1,438 potential
locations, which may be favorable candidates for the application of a fuel cell to provide heat and power.
Assuming the demand for electricity was uniform throughout the year, approximately 753 to 1,002 fuel
86
594 high schools and/or college and universities located in communities serviced by natural gas
87
237 food sale facilities located in communities serviced by natural gas
88
Ten percent of the 648 food service facilities located in communities serviced by natural gas
89
79 Hospitals located in communities serviced by natural gas and occupying 100 or more beds onsite
90
136 hotel facilities with 100+ rooms onsite and 87 convalescent homes with 150+ bed onsite located in communities serviced
by natural gas
91
County, state, or federal prisons/correctional facilities and/or other public order and safety facilities with 212 or more works.
92
Ten percent of the 761 energy intensive industry facilities located in communities with natural gas.
93
16 actively owned federal government operated building located in communities serviced by natural gas
94
The Federal Communications Commission regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire,
satellite and cable in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories.
95
Ten percent of the 583 wireless telecommunication sites in Massachusetts’ targeted for back-up PEM fuel cell deployment
96
Ten percent of Massachusetts WWTP with average flows of 3.0+ MGD
97
Ten percent of the landfills targeted based on LMOP data.
98
Airport facilities with 2,500+ annual Enplanement Counts and/or with AASF

26
MASSACHUSETTS
cell units, with a capacity of 300 – 400 kW, could be deployed for a total fuel cell capacity of 301 to 401
MWs.
If all suggested targets are satisfied by fuel cell(s) installations with 300 kW units, a minimum of 2.37
million MWh electric and 6.39 million MMBTUs (equivalent to 1.87 million MWh) of thermal energy
would be produced, which could reduce CO2 emissions by at least 842,445 tons per year.99
Massachusetts can also benefit from the use of hydrogen and fuel cell technology for transportation such
as passenger fleets, transit district fleets, and general fleets. The application of hydrogen and fuel cell
technology for transportation would reduce the dependence on oil, improve environmental performance
and provide greater efficiencies than conventional transportation technologies.
• Replacement of a gasoline-fueled passenger vehicle with FCEVs could result in annual CO2
emission reductions (per vehicle) of approximately 10,170 pounds, annual energy savings of 230
gallons of gasoline, and annual fuel cost savings of $885.
• Replacement of a gasoline-fueled light duty trucks with FCEVs could result in annual CO2
emission reductions (per light duty truck) of approximately 15,770 pounds, annual energy savings
of 485 gallons of gasoline, and annual fuel cost savings of $1866.
• Replacement of a diesel-fueled transit bus with a fuel cell powered bus could result in annual CO2
emission reductions (per bus) of approximately 182,984 pounds, annual energy savings of 4,390
gallons of fuel, and annual fuel cost savings of $17,560.
Hydrogen and fuel cell technology also provides significant opportunities for job creation and/or
economic development. Realizing approximately $171 million in revenue and investment from their
participation in this regional cluster in 2010, the hydrogen and fuel cell industry in Massachusetts is
estimated to have contributed over $9 million in state and local tax revenue, and over $147 million in
gross state product. Currently, there are more than 300 Massachusetts companies that are part of the
growing hydrogen and fuel cell industry supply chain in the Northeast region. Nine of these companies
are defined as OEMs, and were responsible for supplying 346 direct jobs and $59.6 million in direct
revenue and investment in 2010. If newer/emerging hydrogen and fuel cell technology were to gain
momentum, the number of companies and employment for the industry could grow substantially.
99
If all suggested targets are satisfied by fuel cell(s) installations with 400 kW units, a minimum of 3.34 million MWh electric
and 15.66 million MMBTUs (equivalent to 4.59 million MWh) of thermal energy would be produced, which could reduce CO2
emissions by at least 1.18 million tons per year.

27
MASSACHUSETTS
APPENDICES

28
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 1: Education

29
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 2: Food Sales

30
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 3: Food Services

31
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 4: Inpatient Healthcare

32
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 5: Lodging

33
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 6: Public Order and Safety

34
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 7: Energy Intensive Industries

35
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 8: Federal Government Operated Buildings

36
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 9: Telecommunication Sites

37
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 10: Solid and Liquid Waste Sites

38
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 11: Commercial Airports

39
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 12: Alternative Fueling Stations

40
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix I – Figure 13: Distribution Centers/Warehouses & Ports

41
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix II – Massachusetts Estimated Electrical Consumption per Sector
Category Total Site
Electric Consumption per Building
(1000 kWh)100
kWh Consumed per Sector
New England
Education 2,788 161.844 451,221,072
Food Sales 7,000 319.821 2,238,747,000
Food Services 10,000 128 1,281,900,000
Inpatient Healthcare 691 6,038.63 4,172,689,875
Lodging 1,358 213.12 289,414,244
Public Order & Safety 781 77.855 55,899,890
Total 22,555 8,489,872,081
Residential101
20,539,000,000
Industrial 9,870,000,000
Commercial 26,415,000,000
Other Commercial 8,489,872,081
100
EIA, Electricity consumption and expenditure intensities for Non-Mall Building 2003
101
DOE EERE, “Electric Power and Renewable Energy in Massachusetts”,
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/states/electricity.cfm/state=MA , August, 2011

42
MASSACHUSETTS
Appendix III – Key Stakeholders
Organization Town State Website
Massachusetts Municipal
Association
Communications &
Membership Division
Boston MA http://www.mma.org/home-mainmenu-1
Massachusetts Hydrogen
Coalition, Inc.
Medway MA http://www.massh2.org/
International Green
Technology Trade Center
Trade center 128
Woburn MA http://igttc128.com/
Massachusetts Clean
Energy Center
(MassCEC)
Boston MA http://www.masscec.com/
Department of Energy
Resources (DOER)
Boston MA http://www.mass.gov/
Massachusetts
Technology Leadership
Council for Energy
Waltham MA http://www.mhtc.org/
Massachusetts Department
of Transportation
Boston MA http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/
Massachusetts Emergency
Management Agency
Framingham MA http://www.mass.gov/
Massachusetts Department
of Public Utilities
Department of
Environmental Protection
Utilities
Bay State Gas http://www.columbiagasma.com/en/home.aspx
Berkshire Gas http://www.berkshiregas.com/
National Grid (Keyspan) http://www.nationalgridus.com/
National Grid (Massachusetts Electric) http://www.nationalgridus.com/
NSTAR http://www.nstar.com/residential/
Unitil http://www.unitil.com/customer-configuration
WMECO http://www.wmeco.com/

Appendix IV – Massachusetts State Incentives
Funding Source: Massachusetts Department of Revenue
Program Title: Alternative Energy and Energy Conservation Patent Exemption
Applicable Energies/Technologies: Passive Solar Space Heat, Solar Water Heat, Solar Space
Heat, Solar Thermal Electric, Solar Thermal Process Heat, Photovoltaic, Wind, Biomass,
Hydroelectric, Geothermal Electric, Fuel Cells, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Municipal Solid
Waste, Fuel Cells using Renewable Fuels
Summary: Massachusetts offers a corporate excise tax deduction
Restrictions:
(1) Any income -- including royalty income -- received from the sale or lease of a U.S. patent
deemed beneficial for energy conservation or alternative energy development by the Massachusetts
Department of Energy Resources.
(2) Any income received from the sale or lease of personal or real property or materials
manufactured in Massachusetts and subject to the approved patent.
Timing: The deduction is effective for up to five years from the date of issuance of the U.S. patent
or the date of approval by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, whichever expires
first.
Maximum Size:
100% deduction
Requirements:
See Massachusetts Department of Revenue “830 CMR 62.6.1 Residential Energy credit”
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=dorterminal&L=6&L0=Home&L1=Businesses&L2=Help+%26+Re
sources&L3=Legal+Library&L4=Regulations+(CMRs)&L5=62.00%3a+Income+Tax&sid=Ador&b
=terminalcontent&f=dor_rul_reg_reg_830_cmr_62_6_1&csid=Ador
Rebate amount: NA
For further information, please visit:
http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=dorhomepage&L=1&L0=Home&sid=Ador
Source:
Massachusetts Department of Revenue “830 CMR 62.6.1 Residential Energy credit”, September 6,
2011
DSIRE “Alternative Energy and Energy Conservation Patent Exemption”, September 6, 2011

44
Appendix V – Partial list of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Supply Chain Companies in Massachusetts102
Organization Name Product or Service Category
1 Anderson Insulation, Inc. Materials
2 Inform Design Other
3 Spectrum Analytical Lab or Test Equipment/Services
4 TW Metals Materials
5 HDM Systems Equipment
6 MKS Instruments, Inc Equipment
7 Trilogic Other
8 Vicor Components
9 Kidde-Fenwal (UTC Fire & Security) Lab or Test Equipment/Services
10 Engineered Materials Solutions Materials
11 Sensata Technologies Components
12 Vennerbeck Stern Leach Materials
13 Distron Corp. Manufacturing Services
14 AIM Welding Supply Equipment
15 Masterman's Lab or Test Equipment/Services
16 Northern Machinery Sales, Inc. Equipment
17 Giner Electrochemical Systems, LLC Hydrogen System OEM
18 Orion Industries Manufacturing Services
19 Continental Resources Lab or Test Equipment/Services
20 Thermal Products Components
21 Meridian Associates, Inc. Other
22 Oxford Global Other
23 Standley Bros. Machine Co., Inc. Manufacturing Services
24 Aotco Metal Finishing Materials
25 Cambridge Valve & Fitting Components
26 K2 Engineering Services, Inc. Manufacturing Services
27 Linde Gas Fuel
28 Millipore Corp Equipment
29 Nuvera Fuel Cells Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
30 Honematic Machine Corp. Components
31 American Meteorological Society Other
32 Atkins Associates Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
33 Bell Pottinger USA Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
34 CT Corporation Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
35 Edwards Angell Palmer & Dodge Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
36 Ferriter Scobbo & Rodophele, PC Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
37 Foley Hoag LLP Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
38 Graybar Electric Components
39 Massachusettes Department of Energy Resources Other
40 O'Neill & Associates Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
41 SatCon Equipment
42 Tekscan Inc Other
43 Wolf Greenfield Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
44 NTS Acton Division Lab or Test Equipment/Services
102
Northeast Electrochemical Energy Storage Cluster Supply Chain Database Search, http://neesc.org/resources/?type=1, August
11, 2011

45
45 National Technical Systems Lab or Test Equipment/Services
46 Setra Sensing Solutions Components
47 InnoChem Inc. Materials
48 Luvak Inc Lab or Test Equipment/Services
49 Knowledge Foundation Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
50 Comsol, Inc. Components
51 D.B. Roberts, Inc. Components
52 DGI-Invisuals Components
53 Entegee Inc (dba ACS National) Other
54 Advent Components
55 Fraunhofer - Center for Sustainable Energy Systems Other
56 Sun Catalytix Components
57 Tiax LLC Research & Development
58 Abbott Action Other
59 Alliance Scale Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
60 Eagle Electric Equipment
61 High Output, Inc Equipment
62 HMC Electronics Equipment
63 Maltz Sales Company Inc. Equipment
64 Northeast Engineering Inc. Components
65 Safety Source Northeast Other
66 Comstat/Division of GTS Components
67 E&S Technologies, Inc. Components
68 High Tech Machinists Manufacturing Services
69 Japenamelac Inc. Materials
70 Jay Engineering Manufacturing Services
71 New England Time and Systems Other
72 Standard Electric Components
73 Affordable Duct Cleaning Other
74 Electro- Term Hollingsworth Inc. Components
75 Hoppe Technologies Equipment
76 Microtek, Inc. Manufacturing Services
77 Notch Mechanical Other
78 Topac, Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
79 Banner Industries Components
80 Piping Specialties, Inc. Components
81 Controls For Automation Components
82 Precision Hydraulic, Inc. Equipment
83 Intergra Companies Inc Components
84 Sirius Integrator FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
85 Dakota Systems Manufacturing Services
86 Designers Metalcraft Manufacturing Services
87 United Industrial Services Equipment
88 McGill Hose&Co. Inc. Components
89 Middlesex Gases & Technologies Materials
90 Harbor Freight Components
91 Invensys Process Systems Lab or Test Equipment/Services
92 Neponset Controls Components
93 Teltron Engineering, Inc Components Components

46
94 Sentrol Inc Components
95 Workflow Strategies Other
96 Air Inc. Components
97 Pierce Aluminum Materials
98 Resh, Inc. Components
99 Schwarzkopf Technologies Corp. Components
100 Jack's Machine Co. Manufacturing Services
101 United Shoe Machinery Corp. Other
102 Engineered Pressure Systems Components
103 Plastic Distributors& Fab.,Inc Manufacturing Services
104 American Durafilm Co Materials
105 Iwaki America Inc. Equipment
106 Lista International Other
107 Total Recoil Magnetics Equipment
108 Diversified Vending LLC Other
109 Hy9 Corp Hydrogen System OEM
110 Internexsys Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
111 Trenergi Corp Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
112 ACT Electronics , Inc. Equipment
113 Clark Solutions Equipment
114 Caton Connector, Inc. Components
115 Ray Murray, Inc. Components
116 New England Fabricated Metals Manufacturing Services
117 CryoGas International Fuel
118 Safe Hydrogen Hydrogen System
119 Abraic Inc Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
120 Control Resources Components
121 Ballard Material Products Materials
122 Arco Welding Supply Co. Inc. Equipment
123 ASTRODYNE Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
124 New England Controls Equipment
125 DA-SH Components Components
126 Aspen Systems, Inc. Equipment
127 Device Technologies Inc. Components
128 Marlborough Foundry, Inc. Components
129 Nanoptek Hydrogen System OEM
130 Doe & Ingalls, Inc. Materials
131 Stormship Studios Other
132 Massachusetts Hydrogen Coalition Other
133 King Gage Eng. Corp. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
134 ULVAC Technologies Equipment
135 Selmark Materials
136 FIBA Technologies Equipment
137 Future Solar Systems Engineering/Design Services
138 Interstate Rigging, LLC Transportation/Packing Services & Supplies
139 Atlantic Stainless Co., Inc. Materials
140 Cal-Tek Lab or Test Equipment/Services
141 Debco Machine, Inc. Manufacturing Services
142 Metal Oxygen Separation Technologies Materials

47
143 The Mathworks Components
144 Detronics c/o Carl Lueders Co FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
145 Fortune Metal Finishing Corp. Manufacturing Services
146 Northeast Energy and Commerce Association Other
147 Parametric Technologies Other
148 H.Loeb Corp Components
149 Precix, Inc Components
150 Accutek Microcircuit Lab or Test Equipment/Services
151 Arwood Machine Manufacturing Services
152 Rochester Electronics, Inc. Components
153 Zampell Refractories Equipment
154 Zar-Tech Inc. Materials
155 Fuel Cell Intelligence Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
156 H.C. Starck Inc. Materials
157 L-Com, Inc. Components
158 Action Automation & Controls Components
159 S.M. Engineering & Heat Treating, Inc Components
160 American Power Conversion Components
161 E and S Technologies, Inc. Components
162 Plastic Design Inc. Manufacturing Services
163 Symmetry Electronics Components
164 The Hope Group Components
165 Aramark Wear Guard Other
166 Clean Harbors Environmental Other
167 HTG Technologies Components
168 Americad Technology Manufacturing Services
169 Gibson Engineering Company, Inc. Other
170 GQ Machine Components
171 Grainger Components
172 Instant Sign Center Other
173 Instron Lab or Test Equipment/Services
174 MRG Components
175 Need Personnel Placement Other
176 Print Central Other
177 SolidVision Other
178 Avnet Components
179 ETA Associates, Inc. Components
180 Flow Serve Components
181 Eastern Industrial Products Equipment
182 Pittsfield Plastics Components
183 Tech-Etch, Inc. Components
184 Chenette Plumbing & Heating Equipment
185 Granite City Electric Supply Components
186 National Fire Protection Association Other
187 Accurate Metal Finishing Manufacturing Services
188 Emerson Swan Equipment
189 Packaging Unlimited Other
190 TEK Stainless Piping Products Materials
191 Energy Machinery, Inc Components

48
192 Molt Electronic, Inc. Equipment
193 Envirotech Laboratories, Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
194 Brodie Companies Other
195 In Metal Components
196 Innovative Marketing Resources Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
197 Leading Innovative Products & Solutions, Inc. Materials
198 Advanced Microsensors Components
199 Control Point Mechanical Other
200 Process Control Solution Lab or Test Equipment/Services
201 Whatman Inc Manufacturing Services
202 My Marketing Manager Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
203 Rogers Foam Corporation Materials
204 Crystal Technica Ltd USA Components
205 Maine Oxy Hydrogen System
206 Protonex Technology Corp Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
207 SpecAir Specialty Gases Components
208 L J Fiorello Corporation Other
209 M&R Optical Lab or Test Equipment/Services
210 Bassette Printers Other
211 Joseph Freedman Components
212 Lindgren and Sharples Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
213 Lumus Construction Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
214 Mitchell Machine Manufacturing Services
215 Modern Plastics Components
216 NorthEast Poly Bag Co. Manufacturing Services
217 TSG Equity Partners LLC Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
218 Griffith, Peter Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
219 Raytheon FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
220 Atlas Box & Crating Co. Other
221 General Dynamics C4 Systems Other
222 Millennium Die Group Components
223 Atlantic Semiconductor Components
224 Mass Crane & Hoist Other
225 Pear Cable, Inc. Equipment
226 Cases-Cases Other
227 Minuteman Controls Components
228 Montrose Hydraulics Equipment
229 Advanced Technology Innovation Corp Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
230 Sensortechnics, Inc Components
231 BTU Industries Components
232 Electronic Fastener Components
233 Foster-Miller (QinetiQ) FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
234 IQT IN-Q-Tel Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
235 Johnstone Supply Equipment
236 Morse Barnes Brown Pendelton Consulting/Legal/Financial Services
237 Pro-Calibration, LLC Lab or Test Equipment/Services
238 QinetiQ (Foster Miller) FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
239 Texas Instruments Components
240 Alfa Aesar Materials

49
241 Lelanite Corp Manufacturing Services
242 Firexplo Other
243 John Shelley Company Components
244 Columbia Tech Components
245 DCI Automation Manufacturing Services
246 Industrial Automation Systems, Inc. Manufacturing Services
247 Sunburst EMS Manufacturing Services
248 Turner Steel Co, Inc. Materials
249 Quirk Wire Co. Components
250 Pharmaceutics Lab or Test Equipment/Services
251 Advanced Electronic Controls Components
252 Atlantic Fasteners Equipment
253 Fountain Plating Manufacturing Services
254 CellTech Power, Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
256 Air Compressor Engineering Equipment
257 Berkshire Group LTD Manufacturing Services
258 Dirats and Co., Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
259 Millrite Machine Manufacturing Services
260 Assembly Products, Inc. Equipment
261 Beyond Components, Inc. Components
262 Kolver USA, LLC Equipment
263 Nextek FC/H2 System Distr./Install/Maint Services
264 Reactive Innovations, LLC Components
265 Hy-Technical Electrical Contracting Equipment
266 Acumentrics Corporation Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
267 Nano-C Inc. Materials
268 Target Electronic Supply, Inc. Components
269 ACE Assembly Other
270 Arrow Electronics Equipment
271 Datapaq Inc Lab or Test Equipment/Services
272 Heilind/Force Electronics Components
273 Liliputian Systems, Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
274 Analytical Answers, Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
275 Boston Centerless Materials
276 Concepts NREC Equipment
277 ElectroChem Inc. Lab or Test Equipment/Services
278 Fikst Research & Development
279 Greene Rubber Inc. Components
280 Gregstrom Corporation Components
281 Kaman Industrial Technologies Components
282 Pacer Electronics, Inc. Equipment
283 Parker Hannifin Components
284 PoroGen Corporation Materials
285 Vaisala Components
286 ZTEK Corp Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM
287 Infinity Equipment
288 Omni Services, Inc. Components
289 Rand Whitney Container LLC Components
290 Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics Components

50
291 Airline Hydraulics Corporation Components
292 Bernard Die, Inc. Components
293 Battery Shop of New England, Inc. Components
294 CCA Wesco Components
295 Central Steel Supply Company Inc. Components
296 Crown Equipment Corporation Components
297 Deluxe Systems, Inc. Components
298 Dynamic Chromium Industries, Inc. Components
299 Essco Calibration Laboratory Components
300 First Electric Motor Service Components
301 Houghton Chemical Components
302 L.F. O’Leary Company Components
303 Lehigh-Armstrong Inc. Components
304 Liberty Supplies Inc. Components
305 Lincoln Tool & Machine Corp. Components
306 Metric Screw & Tool Co. Components
307 MicroVision Laboratories, Inc. Components
308 New England Crating Components
309 Northeast Electrical Distributors Components
310 OEM Supply, Inc. Components
311 TM Electronics, Inc. Components
312 Toupin Industrial Warehousing Inc. Components
313 Triboro Supply Components
314 United Electric Controls Components

51
Appendix VI – Partial List of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEMs) in Massachusetts
103
Organization’s Name Product or Service Category Website
1 Protonex Technology Corp Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.protonex.com/
2 Nuvera Fuel Cells Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.nuvera.com/
3 Lilliputian Systems, Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.lilliputiansystemsinc.com/
4
Giner Electrochemical
Systems, LLC
Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.ginerinc.com/
5 ZTEK Corp Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.ztekcorporation.com/
6 Acumentrics Corporation Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.acumentrics.com/
7 Hy9 Corp Hydrogen System OEM http://hy9.com/
8 ElectroChem, Inc. Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.electrocheminc.com/
9 Trenergi Fuel Cell Stack or System OEM http://www.trenergi.com/
103
Northeast Electrochemical Energy Storage Cluster Supply Chain Database Search, http://neesc.org/resources/?type=1, August
11, 2011

Ma h2 dev_plan_041012

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