Slides from joint webinar by ThinkSmallCell and IXIA outlining the progress towards HetNets using Small Cells and the solution testing scenarios and capabilities required
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Het nets up close - Webinar with ThinkSmallCell and IXIA
1. HetNets
Up
Close:
Adding
Small
Cells
to
the
mix
Webinar
25
March
2014
David
Chambers
Rahul
Iyer
2. Agenda
• Market
evoluAon
of
Small
Cells
• DensificaAon
of
mobile
networks
• Technical
challenges
• Example
use
cases
of
tesAng
• Conclusion
3. Market
Driver
for
HetNets
• >50%
CAGR
for
Mobile
data
• High
density
deployments
(urban
and
enterprise)
• Poor
in
building
coverage
CoordinaAng
Small
Cells
with
Macrocells,
sharing
same
frequencies
=
HetNet
Best
of
both
worlds
• 3GPP
workshop[1]
on
how
best
to
grow
capacity
[1]
June
2012:
hUp://www.3gpp.org/Future-‐Radio-‐in-‐3GPP-‐300-‐aUend
4. 4
The
different
categories
of
small
cells
Enterprise
Residen,al
Urban
Rural
Small
Cells
Small
Cells
Femtocells
OR
6. 6
Four
ways
of
network
densificaAon
Macrocell
Sector
Spli=ng
Physical
antenna
Dedicated
macrocell
hardware
Remote
Radio
Heads
Physical
antenna
Dedicated
macrocell
hardware
2Gbps
link
between
macrocell
&
radio
head
Distributed
Antenna
System
(DAS)
Pipes
the
RF
signal
around
a
building.
Typically
needs
dark
fibre,
remote
antenna
and
macrocell.
Can
be
shared
between
operators
Small
Cells
Shrinks
full
basestaAon
capability
onto
a
chip.
Requires
IP
connecAon
for
backhaul.
OpAonally,
local
controller
opAmises
between
mulAple
cells
7. 7
Enterprise
Small
Cells
Technology:
Mostly
3G,
few
LTE,
evolving
to
mulAmode
3G/LTE/Wi-‐Fi
Higher
RF
power
=
range
and
capacity
=
more
calls
CompaAble
with
all
3G
smartphones.
Tens
of
operators
live
today,
some
scaling
to
10K’s
of
sites
Primary
focus
is
on
deployment
speed
and
business
model.
Stronger
drive
for
3G
voice
than
data
Likely
to
be
largest
revenue
driver
in
short
term,
because
can
be
quickly
deployed.
Buys
loyalty
from
building
owner,
opAon
for
addiAonal
services.
Ideal
equipment
is
powered
and
backhauled
via
Ethernet.
Enterprise
8. Different
sizes
require
soluAons
10-‐49
employees
50-‐249
employees
250+
employees
<9
employees
8
User
Standalone
Femtocell
MulAple
16
User
small
cells
16
User
Standalone
Small
cell
Distributed
Antenna
System
Group
of
small
cells
with
local
controller
10-‐49
employees
50-‐249
employees
250+
employees
50-‐249
employees
250+
employees
250+
employees
8
9. 9
Urban
Small
Cells
Previously
named
“Metrocells”
and/or
“Picocells”
Technology:
Most
focus
on
4G
LTE
Much
higher
RF
power
=
range;
higher
capacity
=
more
calls/data
Expected
ramp-‐up
of
LTE
or
3G/LTE
during
late
2014/2015
Primary
focus
is
site
acquisiAon,
deployment
process,
backhaul
Stronger
drive
for
data
capacity
in
dense
urban
areas
More
criAcal
to
those
operators
with
limited
spectrum
Likely
to
be
largest
revenue
driver
in
longer
term,
because
of
wider
range
of
tools,
skillsets,
capabiliAes
required.
Ideal
equipment
is
street
mounted
and
backhauled
via
wired
or
wireless
short
haul
link
to
nearby
hub/macrocell.
Low
maintenance
=
low
TCO
criAcal.
Urban
10. DensificaAon
Strategy
Make
most
of
exisAng
macrocell
sites
• Expand
to
use
all
available
spectrum
• Add
LTE,
refarm
2G/3G
to
3G/LTE
• Expand
sectors
and/or
remote
radio
heads
IdenAfy
and
resolve
in-‐building
issues
• Deploy
suitable
soluAons
for
large/small
buildings
• Add
microcells
in
high
traffic/poor
coverage
areas
(2-‐5W
RF
power)
• Add
further
smaller
cells
to
match
traffic/usage
demand
(0.25-‐2W
RF)
11. HetNets
involve
a
wider
ecosystem
• Deployment:
– Site
acquisiAon,
installaAon,
project
management,
provisioning
• Opera,ons:
– Planning
tools,
SON
(Self-‐Organising
Networks),
Performance
Management,
Geo-‐locaAon
• Test
and
Valida,on:
– De-‐risking
prior
to
deployment,
simulaAng
network
condiAons,
troubleshooAng,
opAmising
• Services:
– Business
case,
partnerships,
outsourcing
12. Small
Cell
Forecast
§ Residential
Femtocells—not
a
compelling
ROI
for
operators
§ Enterprise
Small
Cells
will
grow
with
new
business
models
§ Big
potential
but
slow
growth
due
to
a
new
business
model
§ Carrier-‐deployed
Small
Cells
will
grow
along
with
data
demand
Annual
13. Summary
• Small
Cells
are
mature,
proven
technology
• Can
deliver
the
capacity
and
performance
when
tradiAonal
methods
exhausted
• Requires
a
different
deployment
approach
– Scale:
More
automaAon,
simpler
installaAon
• Wider
eco-‐system
becoming
involved
14. EssenAal
Steps
to
Successful
Deployments
HetNets
Up-‐close
25
March
2014
15. 15
• Major
LTE
carriers
have
announced
small
cell
plans
• Carrier
rollouts
have
been
slow,
so
far
• “4G
LTE”
key
access
tech.
–
high
lab
test
acAvity
HetNet
Market
Status
Source:
Mobile
Experts
-‐
hOp://www.mobile-‐experts.net/
Annual
16. 16
Challenges
Infrastructure
Small
Cells
Gateways
(eNB,
LGW,
Offload)
LTE
–
Wi-‐Fi
Convergence
SON
LogisAcal
100s
of
Use
cases
Zoning/Permissions
Backhaul
BSS
system
and
process
19. 19
Infrastructure
Network
EvoluAon
New
devices
(Small
cells,
GWs)
MulA-‐layer
(Macro,
small
cell)
SON
(C-‐SON,
D-‐SON)
Backhaul
Challenges
Order
of
magnitude,
topology
changes
Mobility,
Interference
Great
power,
Great
Responsibility
Planning
and
OpAmizaAon
20. 20
Valida,ng
Small
Cells
• Evaluate
funcAonality
– Scheduler,
Handover,
Bearer,
Paging,
etc.
• Test
under
real
network
configuraAon
– Interop,
load,
subscriber
models
• LTE-‐Wi-‐Fi
convergence
– Load
balancing,
Wi-‐Fi
handover
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME
Pool
SGW
HSS
DRA
PCRF
PDN
-‐
www
S1-‐mme
SGi
Small
cells
3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
PGW
Wi-‐Fi
GW
S2a
21. 21
Valida,ng
Small
Cells
SON-‐eICIC
• Surround
eNodeB
on
Uu
and
X2
• Simulate
interference
– Neighbor
cell
interference
over
X2
– UL
interference
over
Uu
• Measure
eNodeB
compensaAon
factor
UE
SIM
Uu
X2
DUT
(source
cell)
Ixia
(target
cell)
1.
Simulate
interference
Configure
• UL
Interference
• RNTP
• ABS
1.
Validate
impact
on
UEs
2.
X2
Load
Indica,on
2.
Simulate
UL
Interference
2.
Evaluate
Load
Indica,on
22. 22
Valida,ng
Small
Cells
SON-‐MLB
• AutomaAc
load
balancing
based
on
“triggers”
– Cell
configuraAon
updated
in
real
Ame
• Validate
and
measure
funcAonality
– Success
rate,
opAmizaAon
latency
• Test
under
unique
real
world
condiAons
– Loaded
neighbor
cell,
Several
target
cells
UE
SIM
Uu
X2
DUT
(source
cell)
Ixia
(target
cell)
Adjust
Cell
Reselec,on
Param.
Renego,ate
Handover
threshold
Load
based
HO
Request
HO
Success
23. 23
eNodeB
GW
Tes,ng
• Evaluate
eNodeB-‐GW
funcAonality
– Paging
OpAmizaAon,
NNSF,
LIPA,
SIPTO
etc.
• Model
and
Validate
different
deployment
scenarios
– eNB-‐GW
as
MME
Proxy,
eNB-‐GW
as
MME
and
SGW
Proxy
etc.
• Evaluate
eNodeB-‐GW
performance
– Under
high
load
(10000s
eNodeB
1000000s
Subs)
– IPSec
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME
Pool
SGW
HSS
DRA
PCRF
PDN
-‐
www
S1-‐mme
SGi
Small
cells
3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
PGW
Wi-‐Fi
GW
S2a
24. 24
Wi-‐Fi
Offload
GW
Tes,ng
Gi
Ww
Wi-Fi AP
UE
PCRF
IP
Services
IXIA SUT IXIA
Emulated Interface
Internal Interface
Traffic Path
Wi-Fi-GW
Network
Emula,on
Wi-‐Fi
Access
• Validate
Wi-‐Fi
GW
FuncAonality
– AuthenAcaAon,
Interop
etc.
• Load,
stress
GW
and
measure
QoE
– PMIPv6,
GRE,
GTPv1
AAA
PGW
GGSN
4G
3G
S2a
25. 25
Backhaul
Tes,ng
• Model
backhaul
through
impairment
– Simulate
DSL,
Microwave,
Fibre,
NLOS
etc.
• OpAmize
price/performance
–
QoE
• Determine
exact
backhaul
configuraAon
S1
S1-‐u
S5
HeNB-‐GW
MME
Pool
SGW
PGW
HSS
DRA
PCRF
PDN
-‐
www
S1-‐mme
SGi
Small
cells
3g/4g/Wi-‐Fi
Wi-‐Fi
Controller
S2a
Impaired
Link
26. 26
Summary
• HetNets
are
crucial
to
meeAng
the
growing
demand
for
wireless
data
services
• HetNets
require
new
technologies
to
handle
vastly
larger
numbers
of
cells
• ValidaAng
new
techniques
and
technologies
is
going
to
be
challenging
• Lab
and
field
tesAng
with
purpose-‐
built
equipment
will
be
an
essenAal
ingredient
for
success
• Book:
hetnet.ixiacom.com
• For
more
informaAon:
ixiacom.com/soluAons/hetnet-‐test