Science Gallery, IdeaLab: HACK THE CITY: Current & Future City Needs: Autumn 2012, Lecture 1

IdeaLab
HACK-THE-CITY
Current and Future City Needs
Science Gallery Dublin

Tue 16 Oct 2012
Lecture 1: GLOBAL CITY TRENDS
& Course Overview

Teresa Dillon, Assistant Professor
teresa.dillon@sciencegallery.com
@TeresaHacks

What is the IdeaLab about?

Current lab focus is on critical reflection, project development &
discussion on current and future city needs

The lab develops from the Science Gallery, HACK-THE-CITY programme &
exhibition. This is a pilot and the first adult evening course at the gallery.

Emphasis is placed on:

Collaborative project development

Interdisciplinary thinking

Developing prototype ideas for current and future city needs

Developing partnerships

TeresaDillon, Science Gallery,
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@TeresaHacks

Why the city?

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@TeresaHacks

Accessed on Mon 15 Oct 2012
http://practicalaction.org/images/events/publicgood-king-7.gif

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@TeresaHacks

Guardian Urbanisation Map
From The Guardian, 28 June 2007
Reproduced via The Oxford Health Alliance
Accessed on Mon 15 Oct 2012 at
http://archive.oxha.org/knowledge/publications/guardianurbanisationgraphic.pdf
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@TeresaHacks

Rapid population growth started in 1950s with
reductions in mortality in less developed
regions.

Peak growth rates occurred between 1965-
1970 and since then have been slowing down
due to overall declines in fertility.

Despite this decline approx 80 million people
added to the world every year (equivalent to
the population of Germany or Ethiopia)

Edited points from UNFPA, State of World Population 2011, People & Possibilities in a World of 7 billon
Downloaded 11 Oct 2012 from http://www.unfpa.org/swp/

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@TeresaHacks

Complex Story Lines & Context Dependent
Challenges

Finland currently addressing how it can
support women to have more children.

Ethiopia focusing on end child marriages and
prevent life-threatening adolescent
pregnancies.

China addressing how will house it’s ageing
population.

Mexico city developing road-side green spaces
and green spaces.


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@TeresaHacks

Currently one in every three people living in
cities, lives in what is considered a slum.


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@TeresaHacks

People under 25 make up 43 per cent of the
worlds population.


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@TeresaHacks

The impacts of urbanisation on women:

Increases:

Access to education

Promotes cultural acceptance of their right to education

Extends knowledge and capacities to maintain and protect females
health, including preventing unwanted pregnancies, STIs &
HIV/AIDS.

All of these are helpful in the fight against poverty.


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@TeresaHacks

Most expensive cities to live in the world

TOKYO, JAPAN LUANDA, ANGOLA

1st most expensive city to live in 2nd most expensive city to live in

Monthly Rent, Luxury 2 Bedroom: $4,848 Monthly Rent, Luxury 2 Bedroom: $6,500
Cup of Coffee: $8.29 Cup of Coffee: $3.90
One Gallon of Gasoline: $7.34 One Gallon of Gasoline: $2.38
Daily International Newspaper: $6.38 Daily International Newspaper: $5.46
Fast-Food Meal: $8.29 Fast-Food Meal: $19.94*

From Guardian Online
Accessed on Mon 15 Oct http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2012/jun/12/tokyo-world-most-expensive-city.
Drawn from http://www.mercer.com/articles/cost-of-living-2012.
Mercer’s annual Cost of Living rankings compares cost of living in 214 countries across 200 items (e.g., location, housing, transport, clothing,
household goods & entertainment). New York and the US dollar used as the base city and currency (i.e., strength to the US dollar & price
movements related to New York city).

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@TeresaHacks

Poorest countries in the world

CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LIBERIA

GDP per capitia $349 GDP per capitia: $456

85% of the population live on less then $1
dollar a day

Poverty is measured by ‘Multidimensional Poverty Index’ (MPI) developed at Oxford University with support from the United Nations (U.N.)
and is based on ten key indicators ranging from income, to access to clean water, to length of life, education and malnourishment.
Ref: http://www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-index/
Notes: Sub-Saharan Africa is the poorest region in the world. According to Mercer’s report (2011) the cheapest city to live in is: Karachi,
Pakistan (population 14.8 million one of the largest cities in the world)

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@TeresaHacks

“Every week for the foreseeable future, until
2050, every week more than a million people
are been added to our cities” .

Geofffery West: The surprising maths of cities and corporations
From TEDx talk Julu 2011. Accessed 16 Oct 2012.

http://www.ted.com/talks/geoffrey_west_the_surprising_math_of_cities_and_corp
orations.html

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@TeresaHacks

So despite all the problems with cities
why are they so attractive & why are they growing as such a rate?

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@TeresaHacks

Physicist Geoffrey West researches
the mathematical laws, which govern
the properties of cities. He calls for an
urgent need for a scientific
understanding of the city.
Image: Wikicommons
Accessed Mon 15 Oct
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Geoffrey_West.jpg

Image: Wikicommons
Accessed Mon 15 Oct
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Geoffrey_West.jpg

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@TeresaHacks

Geoffrey West

West applies key principles of biological systems such as
scalability and the economy of scale to understanding
cities. He argues we need new paradigms to understand
city growth and why we want to live in them.

West looks at the differences between sub-linear scaling
(biological systems) and linear or supra-linear scaling
(humans systems).

In sub-linear, biological systems, the bigger you are the less
needed per capita. For example when you double (100%)
the size of an organism you only need 75% more energy .

Linear or supra-linear human systems, like cities, show that
a double in size, requires an increase of 15% more energy.
So in the bigger the city, they have found a 15% increase in
wealth, creative people police, crime, disease.

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@TeresaHacks

Geoffrey West

Problem that with cities this rapid growth is that is
eventual collapse.

What happens is that to avoid complete breakdown, we
innovate, we ‘flip-the-chip’ so to speak, so that we can
start again and again.

The catch with this is that now the pace of the growth has
become so fast that it requires faster cycles of innovation,
faster level and the question then is can we do this without
‘heart-failure’?

So how do we re-boot cities?

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@TeresaHacks

“The most important network of cities is YOU.
Cities are just a physical manifestation of your
interactions, our interactions, and the
clustering and grouping of individuals”.

Geofffery West: The surprising maths of cities and corporations
From TEDx talk Julu 2011. Acccessed Mon 16 Oct 2012.

http://www.ted.com/talks/geoffrey_west_the_surprising_math_of_cities_and_corp
orations.html

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@TeresaHacks

"Big Seven” factors relating to adult happiness

1. Wealth and income - especially as
perceived in relation to that of others
2. Family relationships
3. Work
4. Community and friends
5. Health
6. Personal freedom
7. Personal values

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@TeresaHacks

Understanding the Pursuit of Happiness in Ten Major Cities
Leyden et al., (2011)

We hypothesize that the way cities and city neighborhoods
are designed and maintained can have a significant impact on the
happiness of city residents. The key reasons, we suggest, are that
places can facilitate human social connections and relationships
and because people are often connected to quality places that are
cultural and distinctive. City neighborhoods are an important
environment that can facilitate social connections and connection
with place itself.

Leyden, K.M., Goldberg A. and Michelbach, P. (2011)
"Understanding the Pursuit of Happiness in Ten Major Cities". Urban Affairs Review, published online 28 April 2011.
Accessed Wed Oct 11, 2012
http://uar.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/04/28/1078087411403120.full.pdf+html

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@TeresaHacks

Our goal is to work together over the next nine weeks and co-developing
ideas which address our current and future city needs.
Your ideas can be focused on artistic, public service, social and/or
commercial enterprises.

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@TeresaHacks

Date (Tue/2012) Lecture & Activity

16 Oct Teresa Dillon, City Trends & Course Overview
Practical: D-E-R-M-R-R-R method
23 Oct Guest Lecture 1, Sean Harrington, Architect
Practical: Individual ideas & Voting
30 Oct Guest Lecture 2, Deirdre Ni Raghallaigh, DCC
Practical: Refining ideas & designing (& securing) end user interviews

Tue 6 Nov Guest Lecture 3, Sean Coughlan, SEI
Practical: Rapid design sketches & preparing design brief
Tue 13 Double Practical: Working with external designers/prototyping & mock ups

Tue 20 Double Practical: Working with external designers/prototyping & mock ups (&
submissions of lit review, 1,000 wrds)
Tue 27 Guest Lecture 4; James Croke, EI
Practical: Market research, further testing & preparing group presentation

Tue 3 Dec Practice presentation session
Tue 11 Dec Final presentations (& submission of group report, 2,000 wrds)
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@TeresaHacks

Tue 23 Oct 2012

Guest Lecture 1:
Sean Harrington, Architect

Practical:
2 min visual ‘elevator’ pitch on your idea

What is an elevator pitch is a short summary of
the key ‘value proposition’ that your idea
focuses on – e.g., I want to make cities happier
places to live in by….

Vote on ideas and group together to make
them happen (groups min 2; max 5)

Homework:
Bring in 2 responses to the idea you are now
working on (image, object, fact, paper etc)

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@TeresaHacks

Tue 30 Oct 2012

Guest Lecture 2:
Deirdre Ni Raghallaigh

Practical:
Idea refinement & empathising with your users
(& securing their feedback)

Working with your group to refine your idea
Design interview with 2-3 end users and gain
their feedback

Homework: (divide tasks)
Start documenting your project visually
Providing 500 wrd summary
Carrying out end user interviews

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@TeresaHacks

Tue 6 Nov 2012

Guest Lecture 3:
Sean Coughlan, SEI

Practical:
Rapid sketching of your idea
(drawing solutions & storyboards) based on
user feedback

Homework:
Preparing briefs for external design support
Start market research – what is out there
already that is like your idea

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@TeresaHacks

Tue 13 & 20 Nov 2012

Double Practical:

Focus on creating a project poster
Short movie/animation
Scrapbook
Physical prototype
More detailed wireframe
Technical drawing

Homework:
Between the practical sessions you execute a
small user test and gain feedback, which you
refine in the second practical session

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@TeresaHacks

Tue 27 Nov 2012

Guest Lecture 1:
James Croke, Enterprise Ireland

Practical:
Preparing for your final presentation

Bringing all stages together
Co-writing your final group report
Completing any further prototype testing with
end users

Homework:
Prepare for your practice presentation
Submit draft of your group report (if you want
feedback on it)

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@TeresaHacks

Tue 3 & 11 Dec 2012

Tue 3
Practice final presentation
Peer review

Tue 11
Final presentations with invited guests
Plus beta-launch of Outspoken project

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@TeresaHacks

The core deadlines and outputs for the course
will include:

Tuesday 20th November: Submit literature
and/or project critique (1,000 words)

Tuesday 11th December: Submit group
presentation and group report (2,000 words)

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@TeresaHacks

What is a literature review?

A description of the literature relevant to a
particular field or topic

It’s a critical review

Following logical structure

Literature includes: books, journals,
newspaper articles, policy paper, reports etc

Relevance of the text is the key

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@TeresaHacks

What’s in a literature review?

Introduction to the piece reviewed – title, what it is about, who wrote it,
arguments/topics/themes, issues, solutions.

Link to your own work - how and why.

Historical links – other works relating to you.

Current viewpoints – what are the current trends, themes in the area.

What are the major arguments/assumptions/approaches/principles and
methods.

Conclude summary key points and findings, what you though of the piece
and it’s position within current thinking/trends and links to your own work

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@TeresaHacks

Group report, 2,000 wrds

Summaries the project.

Provides background research on the idea – is there anything else like it; or what else is like it; how
is it different.

Describes in detail your idea development and process – the steps-by-steps engaged in each week.
This will be supported by visual documentation including wire framing, images, sketches, web
page etc.

Findings from user testing and how this influenced the design process.

Market and sustainability research – how would you go on to develop the idea; what is the market
(if any) for it.

What are your plans – what you would you do next. Predict what you see as the next six months of
development.

Budget – how much do you think this would cost to implement. This is based on our market
research.

Conclusions – how you worked as a team, what worked, what would you do again.

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@TeresaHacks

PRACTICAL SESSIONS

Each week will run a practical session where you co-develop your idea:

Tue 23 Oct
Individual idea pitches
Tue 30
Refining your idea & gaining user feedback
Tue 6 Nov
Rapid sketches & securing 1-2 primary end user interviews
Tue 13/20 (deadline for lit review/20 Nov)
Refining designs & prototyping (with external designers)
Tue 27
Marketing idea & further user testing with prototype/mock ups
Tue 3 Dec
Practice pitches
Tue 11 Dec (deadline for the grp report/11 Dec)
Final presentations

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R Method

Stage 1: Define – what is the thing you are trying to do?
Stage 2: Empathy – connect, who is it for? Who are they? How do
they live? What do you want to say?
Stage 3: Refine – refine your idea based on stage 2. What have
you got now?
Stage 4: Make – low cost making and testing
Stage 5: Release – release and test
Stage 6: Refining more
Stage 7: Release again

Abbreviated from the design thinking methodologies as used at d .school, Stanford
Refs too: http://dschool.stanford.edu/dgift/
Accessed 15 Oct 2012

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Example: Redesigning the gift giving experience

Stage 1: Define: 8 mins
Working in pairs: A and B. A, I want you to interview partner B
on the last gift they gave someone. Then reverse.

Ask as many questions as you can, what was it; to whom, why
etc. What was good/bad? Motivations and emotions.

You have 4 mins per person.
Write down as much as the interview as possible.

Abbreviated from the design thinking methodologies as used at d.school, Stanford
1 hour design challenge
Refs too: http://dschool.stanford.edu/crash-course-video/
Accessed 15 Oct 2012

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 2: Empathise. 8 mins.

Get into emotion, what was the most important part of giving the
gift.

Each partner.
Dig deeper get to the heart of the emotions of why?
4 mins each.
Write down the verbs/words associated with the emotions.

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D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 3a: Reflect: Synthesise needs and insights. 3 mins

Catalogue their needs and insights – what are they trying to
accomplish? They are trying to show love, find a partner, feel
important?

What insights can you gain from the interviews. For examples was
it a handmade gift. Did this make it important? are more
important. Circle and verbs in your interviews.
3 mins to reflect on your findings.

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D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 3b: Reflecting. 3mins.
Defining your view of the problem - as informed by your
interviews with people.

From the list of needs & insights – what were the most important.
1) Handmade; 2) Beautiful….

Goal is to really understand what was important to them.

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D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 4: Make. 5 mins.
Sketch Solutions.

Make, sketch, play, design a better gift.
Sketch as many solutions in response to your users
needs as possible. Get the idea out and move on
It’s not about perfect - its about expression.

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 5a: Reflection. 4 mins.
B gives feedback to A on the sketches.

Switch seats with partner; share your sketches; partner A you
sharing what you drew for partner B.

You should not care about what you are trying to figure out about
each other. It’s learning the process and sketch as a method to dig
deeper and uncover the underlying motivations.

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 5b. Reflection. 4 mins.
A gives feedback to B on the sketches.

Swap.

Again. You should not care about what you are trying to figure out
about each other. It’s learning the process and sketch as a method
to dig deeper and uncover the underlying motivations.

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 6a: Revise your sketch. 3mins

Based on the feedback, pool what you know; revise your sketch.

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D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Part 6b: Revise Build your idea. 10 mins

Building a physical and tangible form of our idea.
Using the materials you have at hand.

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@TeresaHacks

D-E-R-M-R-R-R

Stage 7: Refine via further feedback. 8 min.

Partner A; 4 mins. Test your prototype and get their feedback
Switch with B .and get 4 min feedback from them and then record
your feedback

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@TeresaHacks

Taken from interview with Jim Jarmush’s, Golden Rules, Movie Maker
Published Jan 22 2004. Accessed on Mon 15 Oct 2012
http://www.moviemaker.com/directing/article/jim_jarmusch_2972/

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@TeresaHacks

Dr. Teresa Dillon
Assistant Professor, Science Gallery
Trinity College Dublin
teresa.dillon@sciencegallery.com
@TeresaHacks

Image: http://www.heritagedaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Tikal-Wiki-Commons.jpg

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