2. AKBAR(1556-1605)
0Is regarded as one of the
greatest rulers of India.
0 Established the dynasty
as an empire
0

3. Problems faced by akbar
0 As a new ruler he faced two main problems(out of
which one point is common to all new kings) :-
0 Internal and external revolts
0 Because of his age hemu was plotting an attack
against him.
0 He faced many difficulties as no one lived long
enough to consolidate it.
0 Had a guardian named bairam khan who guided him,
even after he became the king.

4. BENEFITS OF HIS EARLY LIFE
0 He had the support of bairam khan
0 His revenue minister was raja todar mal,sher shah’s
revenue minister.He took some tips from him and
managed an efficient revenue system.
0 He did not have many people revolting against him

5. Early life
0 Jalaludin muhammed
akbar was born in 1542 at
amarkot in rajasthan,when
his father was runnig in
search of shelter.

6. Evidence to show humayun’s and
bairam khan’s friendship was
different from others
0 Bairam khan was the regent when
Akbar became the king.He could have
killed akbar and become the king.But he
did not do that.WHY?Because he
promised humayun that he will take
care of akbar.This shows that their
friendship was different from others.

7. The second battle of
panipat(november 5 1556)
0 Causes:-
0 Hemu the commander-in-chief of sher shah suri
wanted to beome the king .So he revolted against
akbar and taking advantage of his young age and the
fact that he was a new king he attacked him.
0 EFFECTS:- Akbar became the king and regained delhi
and agra.

8. The hot question-why is this
battle famous?
0it is famous because-
0 It could have been anyones
day.
0 In the middle of the battle it
was hard to predict who would
win

9. 2ND BATTLE OF PANIPAT IN
DETAIL
0 The throne to which he suceeded was not a bed of roses.
0 Taking advantage of Akbar’s young age,hemu the
commander –in-chief of the afghan ruler Adil Shah
(descendent of sher shah) captured Delhi and Agra.Bairam
Khan marched towards Delhi .The two armies met on the
november 5, 1556 at the battle field of Panipat.Both sides
incurred loses.The battle turned in the favour of the
mughals when an arrow struck the right eye of hemu and
he became unconscious.There was a panic in his army and
his soldiers began to flee.Hemu was brought captive before
Akbar and execueted .Akbar regained Delhi and Agra.

10. Akbar’s conquests
0 Bairam Khan helped akbar conquer
Punjab,Jaunpur,Ajmer and Gwalio.
0 But by 1560 Akbar wished to rule independently.He
therefore .ordered Bairam to leave on a pilgrimage
to Mecca,where he was assasinated on the way by an
Afghan.
0 In order to establish himself firmly,Akbar set out to
to extend his empire further.He adopted two
methods for this-
0 Matrimonial alliances
0 Direct conquest

12. Questions and answers
1. Who is the son of humayun?
2. Write a short note on the early life of akbar?
3. Briefly describe the causes and effect of the second
battle of panipat? How did it differ from the first battle
of panipat?
4. Who was akbar’s guardian? Did akbar give him what he
deserved?Why/WHY not?
5. What were the two methods adopted by akbar to
establish himself firmly? Give examples where he applies
his methods in situations?
6. Why did akbar conquer bengal? Where is bengal
located?Name anyother city conquered near bengal.

13. 0 1. Identify.
0 2. Who built it?Where and why did he build it there?
0 3. How was he related to Akbar?

14. 0 1. Identify the ruler.
0 2. Who did he fight the first battle of panipat
against and why?
0 3. What were the causes for his success in this
battle?
0 4. When was the battle fought?

15. 0 1. Identify the two people’s statue.
0 2. Who erected it and where and when?
0 3. Mention any one cultural contribution of this
erected these statues.

16. Identify
0 Write a short note on his-
0 Conquests
0 Intrests
0 Early life

17. Questions and answers
1. Who is the son of humayun?
2. Write a short note on the early life of akbar?
3. Briefly describe the causes and effect of the second
battle of panipat? How did it differ from the first battle
of panipat?
4. Who was akbar’s guardian? Did akbar give him what he
deserved?Why/WHY not?
5. What were the two methods adopted by akbar to
establish himself firmly? Give examples where he applies
his methods in situations?
6. Why did akbar conquer bengal? Where is bengal
located?Name anyother city conquered near bengal.

18. By : KUNAL SINGH, KAIVALYA DESAI,
AMOGH NAIGAONKAR, TAHER KAMARI,
ADESHWARE GILL OF CLASS 7 C
By GROUP 2

19. Rules of this ppt and the
quiz :
PLEASE do not make any noise while the ppt is being
showed .
PLEASE do pay your full attention in this ppt and don’t
disturb others.
PLEASE do watch the video as it is very interesting.
PLEASE feel free to ask your doubts but please don’t shout
, we will answer all your doubts.
PLEASE tell us if you want to answer anyone’s doubt , we
will give everyone a chance.

20. *
*Akbar decided early in his reign that he should
conquer the threat of Sher Shah's dynasty, and
decided to lead an army against the strongest
of the three,Sikandar Shah Suri, in the Punjab.
He left Delhi under the regency of Tardi Baig
Khan. Sikandar Shah Suri presented no major
concern for Akbar, and often withdrew from
territory as Akbar approached.

21. » The Hindu king Hemu, however, commanding the
Afghan forces, defeated the Mughal Army and
captured Delhi on 6 October 1556.
» Akbar marched on Delhi to reclaim it . Akbar's
army, led by Bairam Khan, met the larger forces of
Hemu on November 5, 1556 at the Second Battle of
Panipat, 50 miles (80 km) north of Delhi. The battle
was going in Hemu's favour when an arrow pierced
Hemu's eye, rendering him unconscious. The
leaderless army soon capitulated and Hemu was
captured and executed.

22. Conquests
0 The victory also left Akbar with over 1,500 war
elephanta which he used to re-engage Sikandar Shah at the
siege of Choopa. Sikandar, along with several local
chieftains who were assisting him, surrendered and so was
spared death. With this, the whole of Punjab was annexed
to the Mughal empire. Before returning to Agra, Akbar sent
a detachment of his army to Jammu, which defeated the
ruler Raja Kapur Chand and captured the
kingdom. Between 1558 and 1560, after moving the
capital from Delhi to Agra, Akbar further expanded the
empire by capturing and annexing the kingdoms
of Gwalior, northern Rajputana and Jaunpur.

23.  Aftera dispute at court, Akbar dismissed Bairam
Khan in the spring of 1560 and ordered him to
leave in Hajj to Mecca. Bairam left for Mecca, but
on his way was goaded by his opponents to
rebel. He was defeated by the Mughal army in the
Punjab and forced to submit. Akbar, however
forgave him and gave him the option of either
continuing in his court or resuming his pilgrimage,
of which Bairam chose the latter.

24. Conquests
 . Around the same time, the Mughal army also conquered the
kingdom of the Gonds, after a fierce battle between Asaf Khan,
the Mughal governor of Allahabad, and Rani Durgavati queen of
the Gonds. However after the victory of the Mughals, Asaf Khan
allegedly misappropriated most of the wealth plundered from the
kingdom and later Akbar subsequently ordered him to restore
some of the wealth, apart from installing Durgavati's son, a
convert to Islam, as the local administrator of the newly
conquered region.

25. Conquests
0 Over the course of Akbar's conquest of Malwa, he brought
most of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Bengal under
his control, but Akbar believed that Chittorgarh Fort was a
major threat to Mughal Empire because it
housed Rajputs who were considered sworn enemies of
the Mughals, in the year 1567, Akbar began to gather his
forces who were briefly interrupted during the Battle of
Thanesar, but by autumn Akbar was prepared to mount his
siege.

26. CONQUESTS
• Chittorgarh Fort was ruled by Udai Singh who often
gave refuge to the enemies of the Mughal
Emperor Akbar. Udai Singh's kingdom was of great
strategic importance as it lay on the shortest route
from Agra to Gujarat and was also considered a key to
central Rajasthan. Fearing Akbar's impending assault
Udai Singh retired to the hills, leaving two
warriors Jaimal and Patta in charge of the fort
• In October 1567, the Mughal army of approximately
5000 men led by Akbar surrounded and besieged
8000 Hindu Rajputs during the Siege of Chittorgarh and
within a few months Akbar's ranks expanded to over
50,000 men. After an arduous siege Akbar ordered his
men and augmented them to lift baskets of earth in
order to create a hill in front of the fort by which the
Mughal Cannons could be placed.

27. CONQUESTS
 The total loot that fell into the hands of the Mughal was
distributed throughout the Mughal Empire. Akbar then
ordered the statues of two of the "armored elephants"
that led the Mughal assault be carved and erected at the
chief gate of the Agra Fort. Akbar then built similar
spiked-gates throughout his fortresses in order to deter
elephant attacks. It is said that the brass candlesticks
taken from the Kalika temple after its destruction were
given to the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer, a
shrine that Akbar vowed to rebuild after his victory. Akbar
then celebrated the victory over
Chittor and Ranthambore by laying the foundation of a
new city, 23 miles (37 km) W.S.W of Agra in 1569. It was
called Fatehpur Sikri ("city of victory").

28. Campaign against rajput
states
 Followed policy of either allying chiefs by giving
them high posts or through battles.
 For instance, he married Jodha Bai, eldest
daughter of Raja of Amber so that he accepted
Akbar’s suzerainty.

30. Conquests
Punjab, Jaunpur, Ajmer, Gwalior
conquered by Bairam Khan,
Adham Khan (foster brother of Akbar)
defeats Baz Bahadur , ruler of Malwa.

31. Conquests
 Gondwana (1564) annexed into
Mughal Empire by Akbar.

32. Campaign against rajput states
Followed policy of either allying
chiefs by giving them high posts
or through battles.
For instance, he married Jodha
Bai, eldest daughter of Raja of
Amber so that he accepted
Akbar’s suzerainty.

33. Campaign against Rajput states
Other Rajput chiefs gradually accepted
Akbar’s suzerainty.
However, some chiefs refused such as
Rana Pratap of Mewar were defeated
by Akbar, but retained freedom after
some time.

35.  Akbar turned attention to
Bengal and annexed it in AD
1574-1576.
 Captured in Kashmir in AD
1586, Kabul and Kandahar in
AD 1587 and Sind in AD 1590
Other conquests

36. Deccan Campaign
 After consolidating his empire, he sent
officials to persuade the rulers of :
 Ahmadnagar
 Bijapur
 Golconda
 To accept him as their suzerain.
 Defeated Chand Bibi Queen of
Ahmadnagar and killed by her own noble.

37. » AD 1596 : Berar annexed.
» AD 1601 : Khandesh annexed.

38. BY: VAIBHAV JOSHI,ROHAN
ALLEN, RITVIK JAIN & NIVIN
By GROUP 3

39. AKBAR’S ADMINISTRATION :
The administrative machinery of the Mughuls,
which functioned throughout the Mughul’s
rule, was introduced by Akbar and that is
why, by ‘Mughul Administration’, we mean
Akbar’s Administration. Akbar was not only
a brave soldier, a successful leader and a
great religious reformer but also a great
administrator. He introduced various
reforms in all the branches of the
administration, whether central, provincial,
revenue, military or judicial.
His administration was so good that the whole

40. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION :
Akbar was the overall in-charge of the central
government. All the executive, judicial and
legislative powers of the state were
combined in him. There were no limitations
on his despotism and his word was law. But
Akbar had always the welfare of his people
in his mind and so his was a benevolent
despotism. He himself supervised all the
branches of his administration and worked
hard to discharge his manifold duties. He
would hold an open court, listen to the
complaints of his subjects and try to pacify

41. Akbar was, however, assisted by a number of ministers in the
administration. Among others, the most important
ministers were – the Vakil, who maintained a general
control over all the central departments and acted as the
chief adviser of the King; Diwan, who was in-charge of
finance and revenue; Mir Bakshi, who maintained the
records of all the Mansabdars and distributed pay among
the high officials; Sadar-i-Sadur, who acted as a religious
adviser to the king, disbursed royal charity and discharged
the function of the Chief Justice of the empire. Beside
these four ministers, there were other ministers of lower
rank- Khan-i-Saman, who was in-charge of the royal
household; Muhtasib, who saw that the people (Muslims)
led a highly moral life according to the Muslim law;
and Daroga-i-Dak Chowki, an officer who was in-charge of
the postal and intelligence department.
Refer pg 58

42. PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION:
Akbar divided his vast empire into fifteen (15) Subas or provinces.
In each suba or province there was a Subedar, a Diwan, a
Bakshi, aSadar, a Qazi, a Kotwal, a Mir Bahr and Waqa-i-Nawis.
The Subedar or Governor was the head of the provincial
administration. He enjoyed vast powers and was in-charge of
the provincial military, police, judiciary and the executive. The
(provincial) Diwan was in-charge of the provincial finance and
all bills of payments were signed by him. The Bakshi looked
after the management of the provincial army. The Sadar was in-
charge of the judicial charity department. The Qazi was in-
charge of the judicial department of his province. He supervised
the work of Qazis in the districts and towns. The Kotwal was the
supreme administrator of all the ‘thanas’ of the province and
was responsible for the maintenance of law and order in all the
cities. The Mir Bahr was in-charge of customs and taxation
department. The Waqa-i-Nawis was in-charge of the secret

43. The provinces were further divided into
Sarkars and Sarkars into Parganas. The
head of the Sarkar was Faujdar who kept his
own small force and maintained law and
order in his area. He was assisted by a
number of other officials who collected the
revenue, maintained the accounts and
deposited the money into the state treasury.
The head of the Parganas was
called Shikdar whose functions were the
same as those of the Faujdar in a Sarkar.
Each Pargana comprised several villages.
Each village was under the charge of
a Muqaddam, a Patwari and
a Chowkidar who carried on the work of

44. MILITARY :
Akbar paid much attention towards the organization,
equipment and discipline of the army. For efficient
military administration he introduced a new
system known as the Mansabdari System. The
Mansabdars had to maintain soldiers according to
his grade or rank. There were thirty three grades
of these Mansabdars who maintained soldiers
ranging from 10 to 10,000. They were paid salaries
in cash and the system of assignments of lands
was discouraged. They were directly under the
charge of the emperor and were promoted,
degrade or dismissed at his will. He also revived
the practice of taking the descriptive rolls of the
soldiers and branding the horses.

45. A large number of troops were, no
doubt, supplied by these Mansabdars
but Akbar had maintained a standing
army of his own. The Mughal army
consisted of infantry, cavalry, artillery,
elephants, and navy. The cavalry was
the most important wing of the army
and special attention was paid
towards its organization and
equipment.
He had a sharp vigilance and great
discipline.

46. AKBAR(TRADE AND ECONOMY )
BY ADITYA.M ,SHASHANK.S,SAURAV.R,
PALASH.D
GROUP 4

47. LAND REVENUE SYSTEM
It goes without saying that Sher Shah Suri was the
forerunner of Akbar in the field of land revenue system.
Sher Shah laid down the main principles which were
followed later on in the time of Akbar. Sher Shah had fixed
the state demand at one-third of the produce and made
regulations for the equitable collection of land revenue.
Sher Shah's system was adopted by Akbar with the
necessary alterations. Sher Shah's regime was too short to
stabilize the system. Akbar's long region gave him ample
opportunity to plan out, develop and perfect his system.

48. DIVISION OF LANDS
Land was divided into 4 classes. Polaj land
was that land which was regularly cultivated
and yielded revenue from year to year. Parauti
land was that land which was occasionally left
uncultivated so that it may regain its
productive capacity during the interval.
Chachhar land was that land which was left
uncultivated for 3 or 4 years. Banjar land was
that land which was left uncultivated for,, 5 or
more years

49. TRADE
Trade was another source of revenue.
The goods which were traded were textiles,
saltpetre, spices, indigo and cotton. Akbar
encouraged both inland and overseas trade.
He constructed roads and maintained them
to encourage inland and overseas trade.
India traded with China, Central Asia and
Europe.

51. AKBAR’S COIN
Akbar issued gold, silver as well as copper coins. His coins were similar to
those of the Sher Shah Suri’s coinage and it adapted their weight, fabric and
the Islamic motifs. The gold coins which were issued during Akbar’s reign were
commonly known as Gold Mohurs. Copper coins were known as “dam” and
forty such “dams” was equal to one rupee in value. Nine such rupees were
equal to one gold mohur. Later on in 988 A.H. the heavy weight coins became
rare and light weight coins were given more importance. It is only after this
period that the fractional coins came into existence. Though there were quite a
variety of fractions introduced, but they are rare to be found now.
Akbar’s coins were mostly round in shape. However, in between the year
993 to 998 A.H., square shaped gold and silver coins were issued. Hence, both
square and round shaped coins came into existence. In 998 A.H. the square
shaped coins were abandoned and after this period only round shaped coins
were minted. To commemorate some event, Akbar had issued a few
commemorative gold coins in hexagonal shape. However, these coins are
extremely rare to be found now.

53. BY GROUP 5
JOSHUA ,KENRICK, PARV, DAIVIK
Cultural
Contributions.

54. An Introduction…..
Akbar was born when his father was in
exile, Thus he did not receive any
formal education, So his father
appointed Bairam Khan as his tutor.
From him, Akbar rose to become an
excellent rider, a fearless soldier,
Benevolent ruler and of course a wise
administrator.

55. Akbar, With addition to religious
learning, he wanted his people to
excel in mathematics, agriculture,
history, logic and astronomy.
He also held frequent discussions with
Religious thinkers, scholars and
writers. Who were highly
distinguished in their respective
fields.

56. Some Important People in Akbar’s
Court.
Abdul Fazl Wrote the Akbarnama, which is an
biography of Akbar’s life, and Ain -i-Akbari,
which deals with the law and revenue system
of the empire.
Faizi was a poet who translated the
Ramayana and Mahabharata into Persian.
The Bhagvad Gita, the bible and other famous
works were translated into Persian, so the
normal man could read these .

57. Some Important People in Akbar’s
Court…….
• Todar Mal excelled as a revenue minister.
• Bhagwan Das Brother of Jodha Bai (Akbar's Wife)
and Man Singh were excellent generals.
• Birbal's witticism has now become a major part
of the Indian Folklore.
• Tansen , The Greatest singer of the period,
enriched the Hindustani classical music with
compositions of new ragas in honour of Akbar’s
empire.
• Humam (a Physician) , Mulla Do Piaza, Shaikh
Mubarak, Surdas, Tuslidas and Mira Bai along
with others received royal patronage

58. Word Meanings.
• Exile-
anyone separated from his or her country or home
voluntarily or by force of circumstances.
• Benevolent-
desiring to help others; charitable
• Witticism- a witty remark or sentence.
• Folklore-
the traditional beliefs, legends, customs,
etc., of a people;lore of a people.

59. Hope You Paid Attention To The
Presentation, Cause we are going
to have a ……

60. Rules
• No Shouting out answers, Raise your hand to answer. Do
Not Do Like This-
• Each Correct Direct Answer Worth 10
Points, each pass question worth 5
points.
Best Of Luck And May the best Team Win.

61. 1. Under What Circumstance Did Akbar Not Receive
Formal Education?
2. Whom did his father appoint as a tutor and guardian?
3. What did Akbar Excel in?
4. What else did Akbar want his people to excel in?
5. Name the person who wrote the Akbarnama and what is
it about?
6. Who translated the Ramayana and Mahabharata into
Persian. ?
7. Name the people who received royal patronage?
8. Who was the greatest singer in Akbar’s time?
9. Name the wife of Akbar and also her brother?
10. Give the Meaning of Folklore.

62. BY GROUP 6
TO PAINTING AND ARCHITECTURE

63. • Art of painting was established
• Royal Karkhanas were established
• Artists from the empire could gather to work
• Local styles were blended with Persian styles.
• They depicted hunting scenes and court scenes using
bright blue and red.
• It was also used for book illustrations
• Two painters in fame were Jaswant and Basawan

65. • Most outstanding contribution – New capital, Fatehpur
Sikri 36 km from Agra.
• Agra was the birth place of Sufi Saint Salim Chisti.
• It has several fine buildings, such as Panch Mahal, Jodha
Bai’s Palace, Diwan – i – Khas, Jama Masjid, Ibadat
khana and Buland darwaza – celebrate victory over
Gujarat.
• Most interesting building octagonal Diwan – i – Khas, the
hall of private audience.
• Fatehpur Sikri was abandoned due to unavailability of
water.
• Akbar preferred red sandstone to marble.

67. • The last days of Akbar were full of grief, because:
A) His sons Murad and Danyal died
B) Salim his only surviving son had revolted against him
C) Abul Fazl also died in this
D) Salim was proclaimed his successor
• He died in A.D. 1605

68. • Mansab – rank given to officials especially in the army or
administration
• Jaziya – a tax which the non muslims had to pay in a
muslim country
• Connoiseur – expert

70. • QUESTIONS ALLOTED FOR EACH TEAM.
• DISCUSSION WILL BE ALLOWED
• 10 POINTS FOR RIGHT ANSWER
• 5 POINTS FOR PASS QUESTION
• 15 SECONDS FOR DISCUSSION
• 20 POINTS FOR OPEN QUESTION
• 10 POINTS FOR HALF ANSWERED (OPEN
QUESTION)
• -5 FOR ANOTHER TEAM IF PERSON FROM
THAT TEAM SHOUTS OUT ANSWER
• SELECT A TEAMMATE TO ANSWER

71. • What was encouraged in Akbar's
empire? What else was
established?
A. Painting was encouraged
and royal Karkhanas were
established.

72. • State the two styles which
blended with each other?
A. The local styles blended with
the Persian styles

73. • Name the scenes depicted on
the paintings of the court?
A. The paintings depicted
scenes of hunting and scenes of
the court.

74. • What did Akbar vow if a son
was born to him?
A. He vowed that he would
travel 228 miles on foot from
Agra to the tomb of Moinuddin
Chisti in Ajmer He fulfilled his
promise on Jahangir’s birth.

75. • Name the tomb and the most
interesting building of the
capital?
A.The tomb – Moinuddin Salim
Chisti
The building – Diwan – i –
khas

76. • Name the new capital and the
extent from Delhi’s capital?
A. Fatehpur Sikri – 36 km from
Agra

77. 1. Why were the last days of
Akbar full of grief?
2. What did Abul Fazl state in the
Akbarnama? - In Brief
3. Why was Fatehpur Sikri chosen
as the capital and name some
fine buildings?

78. T H A N K YO U F O R WAT C H I N G C L A S S
7 C ’ S P P T O N A K BA R
 THIS PPT WAS COMPILED BY TAHER KAMARI,
ADESHWERE GILL AND AMOGH NAIGAONKAR OF CLASS
7C .