Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting arteries where plaque builds up in the arterial wall. The plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. This plaque hardens and narrows the arteries. The major risk factors are hypertension and hyperlipidemia which can damage the endothelial lining of arteries. Damaged endothelial cells allow lipids and immune cells to accumulate in the artery wall forming plaque lesions. Over time, plaque growth can significantly reduce blood flow causing complications like heart attack or stroke.
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