The 1960s saw many social and political upheavals in the United States and around the world. The decade was defined by the civil rights movement, opposition to the Vietnam War, and the youth counterculture phenomenon. Music played a key role, with new styles like rock and roll emerging and bands like The Beatles achieving enormous popularity. The 1960s also saw increasing debates over issues like free speech, gender roles, and individual freedom.

1. MARYAM ANISA
MUSIC ERA’S

4. Controversial issues
There are many controversial issues in the 1960’s:
The Pentagon Papers.
Civil Rights Marchers.
Kennedy Assassination.
The Vietnam War.
Johnson v. Goldwater election and their campaign ads.
Medi Care bill .
The War on Poverty.
The KKK Church Bombings in the south that killed 3 little girls.
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
68 Democratic Convention in Chicago, and its riots.
The Chicago 7.
Woodstock.
Peoples Park Demonstrations in Berkley.
The Free Speech Demonstrations early 60's Berkley.
Height Ashbury scene 66- 67, known as 'The Summer of Love'.
Monterrey Pop Festival.
Martin Luther King Assassination.
Ted Kennedy and Chappaquiddick.
Assassination of Bobby Kennedy.
Charles Manson.
The Tet Offensive in Vietnam, and Walter Cronkite's analysis of same, known as the turning point.
The secret expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia.
The murder of Black Panther Party members and cover up of same by Chicago Police.
Cuban Missile Crisis.
CIA Cuban invasion known as 'The Bay of Pigs'.
The Watts Riots.
The Altamont Speedway Festival, Known as the death of the 60's - 1969.

5. 1960’s counterculture
In the 1960's, young people questioned
America's materialism and cultural and political
norms, much as they've always done. Seeking a
better world, some used music, politics, and
alternative lifestyles to create what came to be
known as the counterculture. Americans in that
era faced many controversial issues-from civil
rights, the Vietnam War, nuclear arms, and the
environment to drug use, sexual freedom, and
nonconformity.

6. • The counterculture lifestyle integrated many of the
ideals and indulgences of the time: peace, love,
harmony, music, mysticism, and religions outside the
Judeo-Christian tradition. Meditation, yoga, and
psychedelic drugs were embraced as routes to
expanding one's consciousness.
• The movement, greeted with enormous publicity and
popular interest, contributed to changes in American
culture. A willingness to challenge authority, greater
social tolerance, the sense that politics is personal,
environmental awareness, and changes in attitudes
about gender roles, marriage, and child rearing are
legacies of the era.

7. Many members of the counterculture saw their
own lives as ways to express political and social
beliefs. Personal appearance, song lyrics, and
the arts were some of the methods used to
make both individual and communal
statements. Though the specifics of the debates
were new, arguments for personal freedom, free
speech, and political reform go back to the
foundations of American society

9. In North America, Europe and Oceania, the
decade was particularly revolutionary in terms
of popular music, as it saw the formation and
evolution of rock.
At the beginning of the 1960s, pop and rock and roll trends of the 1950s
continued; nevertheless, the rock and roll of the decade before started
to merge into a more international, eclectic variant known as rock.
By the mid-1960s, rock and roll in its purest form
was gradually overtaken by pop
rock, beat, psychedelic rock, blues rock and folk
rock, which had grown in popularity.
The country and folk-influenced style associated
with the latter-half of 1960s rock music
spawned a generation of popular singer-
songwriters who wrote and performed their
own work.
Towards the decade's end, genres such as baroque pop, sunshine
pop, bubblegum pop, progressive rock and heavy metal started to grow
popular, with the latter two finding greater success in the following
decade.

10. Furthermore, the 1960s saw funk and soul music rising in
popularity; rhythm and blues in general remained popular,
and this style was commonly associated to girl groups of the
time, whose fusion of R&B and gospel with rock and roll
enjoyed success until the mid-part of the decade.
Aside from the popularity of rock and R&B music in the 1960s, Latin American as
well as Jamaican and Cuban music achieved a degree of popularity throughout
the decade, with genres such as bossa nova, the cha-cha-
cha, ska, and calypso being popular.
From a classical point of view, the 1960s
were also an important decade as they
saw the development
of experimental, jazz and contemporary
classical music,
notably minimalism and free
improvisation

11. The Billboard Top Ten songs of the year 1960 were:
1.) "You Talk Too Much" by Joe Jones
2.) "Cathy's Clown" by The Everly Brothers
3.) "The Twist" by Chubby Checker
4.) "Save the Last Dance for Me" by The Drifters
5.) "Running Bear" by Johnny Preston
6.) "Sweet Nothin's" by Brenda Lee
7.) "Handy Man" by Jimmy Jones
8.) "Walk, Don't Run" by The Ventures
9.) "Alley-Oop" by The Hollywood Argyles
10.) "Stay" by Maurice Williams & The Zodiacs
The song that won "Song of the Year" at The Grammys was "Theme From Exodus". Ray
Charles took two honors home "Best Pop Single Artist" and "Best Pop Male Vocal" for his
hit "Georgia on My Mind". Ella Fitzgerald won the "Best Pop Female Artist" with "Mack the
Knife". The "Best Pop Duo or Group" went to "We Got Us" by Eydie Gormé and Steve
Lawrence

12. Most popular artists

13. The Beatles are the best-selling band informed in Liverpool in 1960. They became perhapsone
The Beatles were an English rock band history, with EMI Records estimating sales of over the
most commercially successful andnumber-one albumsact in the history of popular music. The
billion units.[They have had more critically acclaimed on the British charts and sold more singles
band'sUK than any other act. AccordingJohn Lennon, as of McCartney. George Harrison, units
in the best-known lineup consisted of to the RIAA, Paul 2012 they have sold 177 million
and Ringo more than any other artist.1950s rock and roll, the group later utilisedlist of the all-
in the US, Starr. Rooted in skiffle and In 2008, they topped Billboard magazine's several genres,
ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classicalmostother elements
time most successful Hot 100 artists. As of 2012, they hold the record for and number-one hits
in innovative ways. Inwithearly 1960s, their enormous popularity firstfrom the American National
on the Hot 100 chart the 20. They have received 7 Grammy Awards emerged as
"Beatlemania", but as their and Sciences, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and
Academy of Recording Arts songwriting grew in sophistication, they came to be perceived by
many fans and cultural observersBritishembodiment Songwriters, Composers and Authors. They
15 Ivor Novello Awards from the as an Academy of of the ideals shared by theera's
sociocultural revolutions in Time magazine's compilation of the 20th century's 100 most
were collectively included
influential people
Who were ‘The Beatles’?

15. The rise of soft/rock and pop/rock and further rise in popularity for R&B with
artists such as Stevie wonder & Jackson 5.
The mid-1970s also saw the rise of disco music, which dominated during the last
half of the decade with bands like the Bee Gees, ABBA.

16. Towards the end of the decade, Jamaican
Reggae music, already popular in the
Caribbean and Africa since the early 1970s,
became very popular in the U.S. and in
Europe, mostly because of reggae superstar
and legend Bob Marley. His music touched
on topics such as slavery and was very
inspirational.

17. People were starting to incorporate social issues and motivating messages within
their music as controversial issues were mounting:
Cher – Gypsy’s , tramps and thieves
Jackson 5 – I’ll be there
Bill Withers – Lean on me
Bob Marley – Buffalo soldier

18. BEEGEES Dolly Parton Diana Ross
Elton John Cher Barbra Streisand

19. • The Me decade ( individualism)
• Ken state shootings ( protest about Vietnam war, National Guard goes on shooting
spree)
• Economic recession
• Cold war still remained
• Major conflict between capitalist and communist forces in multiple countries
• Soweto Uprising when more than 700 black school children were killed by South
Africa's Security Police.
• Distrust between the revolutionaries and Western powers (Iran hostage crisis)
• Rise in the use of terrorism by militant organizations across the world
• Richard Nixon resigns as President in 1974 while facing charges for impeachment
(Watergate scandal)
• significant number of women as heads of state outside of monarchies

21. Increasing political awareness and political and economic liberty of women,
continued to grow. The hippie culture, which started in the later half of the
1960s, weakened by the early 1970s and faded towards the middle part of
the decade, which involved:
• opposition to the Vietnam War,
• opposition to nuclear weapons,
• the advocacy of world peace,
• and hostility to the authority of government and big business.
• The environmentalist movement began to increase dramatically in this
period.

22. Family size dropped due to uncertain economy and unemployment.
Woman in the workplace gave woman a different priority other than
parenthood.
There was new freedom for women, homosexuals, the elderly, the
handicapped, and other minorities.
With the new wave of social equality, social events became extremely
popular, people were now going to Disco’s and ‘ doing it big ‘.
Everything was big from shirt collars, to belt buckles, clown shoes to Afros
and the ‘Farrah Mane’.
Sex, Drugs and rock & roll (influenced by the hippie movement)

24. By 1973, the music business had become a $2 billion/year industry
(approximately the size of the film and sports industries combined).
Virgin records (Richard Branson) was established in the early 70’s as an
independent label.
Labels such as Motown (1960) became increasingly popular because of its
style of soul music with a distinct pop influence.
(Marvin Gaye, Stevie wonder, Boyz II Men, Smokey Robinson)
CTI records – Jazz label now owned by Sony music entertainment.
Atlantic records- missed out on signing Elvis but later became well known
for signing artists such as Cher, The rolling stones, Bee Gees whose music
rocked the 1970’s.