1. Precision
Agriculture
Precision
Management
for Ecosystem
Services

2. Interventions
& gradients
Critical
biodiversity
Ecosystem
Services
Goods
Increased precision
of nutrient &
pesticide inputs
Diversity of
invertebrates,
bacteria & algae in
soil & water
Nutrient removal
Clean
water
Gradients in soil
nutrient
concentrations
Plant communities
on river banks
Agrochemical
attenuation
Stabilising
vegetation
Clear
water
Regulation of
water flow
Grazing of algae
Gradients in land
use intensity
Plant, pest, natural
enemy & pollinator
diversity
Reduced tillage
Management of
buffer strips
Crops
Food
Preferred groups of
plants, birds,
butterflies
Wild species
diversity
Wildlife
Specific species of
birds & fish
Game birds &
Coarse fish
Game
& fish

3. Interventions
& gradients
Critical
biodiversity
Ecosystem
Services
Goods
Increased precision
of nutrient &
pesticide inputs
Diversity of
invertebrates,
bacteria & algae in
soil & water
Nutrient removal
Clean
water
Gradients in soil
nutrient
concentrations
Plant communities
on river banks
Gradients in land
use intensity
Plant, pest, natural
enemy & pollinator
diversity
Reduced tillage
Management of
buffer strips
Agrochemical
attenuation
Stabilising
vegetation
Clear
water
Regulation of
water flow
Grazing of algae
Crops
Food
Preferred groups of
plants, birds,
butterflies
Wild species
diversity
Wildlife
Specific species of
birds & fish
Game birds &
Coarse fish
Game
& fish
Framework

4. Interventions
& gradients
Critical
biodiversity
Biodiversity
1
Goods
Ecosystem
Services
2
Service
delivery
Driver / gradient
Biodiversity
• Univariate comparisons: species richness, indices encompassing evenness & dominance,
all at multiple spatial scales: α, β, γ diversity
• Multivariate comparisons: Community composition – Identify indicative taxa, pairwise
comparisons of community similarities
• Extend both to assessments of functional traits and/or phylogenetic diversity (proxy)

5. 2 Diversity and
1
Land use intensity
and diversity
Soil Hydraulic
Conductivity (ks/mm/h)
Hydraulic conductivity ks/mm/h
process
1200
1000
800
600
400
Value of diversity
200
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Species Richness
Worm species richness
18
Earthworm species
Earthworm species richness
richness (No./) m2)
(number / m2
1400
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Conventional
tillage
Low/Min/No
tillage
Grassland /
Margin
Regulate water flow
(reduce overland flow)
Clear water
(reduced sediment load)

6. Examples of trade-offs and synergies between Ecosystem Services delivered
by field margins under different ELS options.
Cultivated
margin (EF11)
Pollen and nectar
mix (EF4)
6m grass buffer
strip (EE3)
Pollination
-+
+
+
+
++
++
+
-
Arable flora
++
--
--
Farmland birds
++
-
+
Water quality
Pest control
Bradbury et al 2010 Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 986-993