impact of climate change on food security with modal description.

1. IMPACT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE ON FOOD
SECURITY IN
PAKISTAN

2. INTRODUCTION
 Food security is defined as availability of food
and one’s access to it.
 A food system contains the multiple food
chains operating at the national, local and
global levels.
 Climate is a particular change in global or
regional climate patterns of earth’s lower
surface.
 The causes of change in Earth’s climate are
due to both natural and human factors.

3. DIMENTIONS OF FOOD SECURITY
 Food availability
 Food accessibility
 Food utilization
 Food system stability

4. IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC
 Pakistan is an agrarian country,
climate change largely explored
in relation to impacts on
agriculture sector.
 The interaction between them
are complex and vary from each
other.
 The relative importance to climate
change for food security differs
between regions.

5. PROBLEMS/CRISES
 Pakistan has faced heavy and
disasters floods due to which the
production level of food was
move towards the backward.
 Pakistan has faced water crises
which indicate that we have a
problem related to climate
change.

6. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
 Acidic rains are the cause of reduction in
rainfalls and harmful for agriculture sector.
 Owing to heat stress, livestock losses
suffered in previous years, some times in the
form of disasters.
 Drought impacts on the agriculture sector are
lower the yields in both livestock and crop
production, increase in the death of livestock,
crop losses, land degradation and soil
erosion.

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Increase in the production of greenhouse
gases, bad schedule of rainfall patterns and
drought are the indicators of the backward of
the food security.
 Sometimes, Pakistan faced disasters floods
due to absence of proper plan and economic
instability.
 Pakistan has faced water crises, cause of the
backwardness of the agriculture sector.

8. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
 The impact of climate change on agriculture
sector in Pakistan is very alarming, which can
leads to multi faceted problem.
 Climate change has adverse effect on
agriculture sector, major source of livelihoods
and food. People have to keep themselves
safe.

9. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 How the climate change affecting the food
security of Pakistan, ineffectively?
 How the rainfall and temperature have
impacts on the food production of Pakistan?

10. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
 The basic purpose of this research paper is to
study the impact of climate change on the
food security of Pakistan.
 The level at which climate change is affecting
on the food security of Pakistan, by keeping
in view greenhouse gases, rainfall patterns
and increasing temperature,

11. REVIEW OF THE LITRATURE
 Stephen
Devereux, 2007
 Ali, et al., 2013
Discussed Continues sequence of
the change in weather can result
in the food shortage while public
actions interrupt to reduce these
impacts.
Estimated the effects of livestock
ownership guaranteed rural
household food security. They
suggested that the livestock
ownership needed to be
encouraged so that it could be
helpful in ensuring the rural
household food security.

12. REVIEW OF THE LITRATURE
 Munir Ahmed, 2010
 Felix, et al., 2012
Found the possible ways and
different dimensions to
achieve better food and
nutritional security for
population of Pakistan.
Pointed that the rainfall
instability is a reason of food
insecurity in less developing
countries. Adverse effects are
vulnerable to the shocks of
food prices.

13. HYPOTHESIS
1.
Ho: There is no relationship between
rainfall and food production.
H1: There is a relationship between rainfall
and food production.
2.
Ho: There is no relationship between
temperature and food production.
H1: There is a relationship between
temperature and food production.

14. METHODOLOGOY
 Dependent Variable:
Food Security in Pakistan
 Independent Variable:
Rainfall, Temperature
Data Source:
The data has been collected from World Bank
Indicator in this study. This data has been
taken from 1960 -1990.

15. MODEL SPECIFICATION
 The efficient form of the model is multiple regression analysis,
given below:
 Ŷ= α + β1(X1) + β2(X2)
 Ŷ= 9.559+ 0.539(Rainfall) – 0.269(Temperature)
β1: one unit increase in rainfall causes 0.539 unit increase in food
production, while, temperature held as constant .
Β2 : one unit decrease in temperature causes 0.269 unit increase
in food production while, rainfall held as constant.
R= 0.63
R square = 0.400

16. CONCLUSION
 P value which is 0.002 less than 0.05.
So, we reject Ho which shows there’s relationship between
rainfall and food production.
 P value which is 0.091 greater than 0.05.
S0, we accept Ho which shows that there’s no relationship
between temperature and food production.
 According to ANOVA, the p value of this table is 0.001 that
is less than 0.05, so, the model is insignificant.
There’s an impact of climate change on food security.

17. ANALYSIS
 Here, it has to be determined the effect of
dependent variable such as food security of
Pakistan whose proxy variable is food
production and its unit in metric tons. So,
according to this regression line, rainfall has a
positive impact on the Food production and
temperature has a negative impact on the
Food production of Pakistan.

18. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Water crises needed serious attention of the
government of Pakistan for the improvement of
food security.
 Farmers should be provided by farming training
programs, to improving agriculture sector.
 Increased investments in the agriculture sector zone
to motivate its development.
 Government of Pakistan should make the cohesive
plans to deal with the natural hazards such as
floods, drought etc in appropriate manner.