1. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
System Integration for Smart Paperless Ship
A.S.A. Kaderc
O. O. Sulaiman a, A.H. Saharuddinb
Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science Faculty of Mechanical -Marine Technology
Univeristy Malaysia Terengganu University Technology Malaysia
Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
o.sulaiman@umt. abdsaman@fkm.umt.my
Abstract — Sea Transportation provides a safe and paper offer conceptual design architecture for prototyping
reliable source for moving people and cargo across the ocean. smart ship towards paperless technologyfor ships and
The government and private sector provide these services, solutions for barriers that might stand as problem to
while the Government moves personnel and cargo to support implementation, innovation and development. This paper
global peacekeeping activities the civilian sea transportation focus on building complete macro control system integration
activities focus on providing leisure cruises and the shipment between computers, software, hardware electrical, mechanical
of consumer goods. These safe and efficient services are and other systems as necessary as well as wireless computer
obtained through the cooperative efforts of the government network and sensor gateway. The principle that can be use in
and civilian sea carriers, and seaports throughout the world smart ship shore operations as well redundancy for other smart
required connectivity raging from within ship system systems for ship and offshore could target:
integration and ship shore operation, which has been much
facilitated by evolution of computer age. The use of new
information technology and interfacing all the associated i. Shore base operation : Safe transportation of
service areas of maritime industry- sea and shore can lead to passengers and cargo through the oceans
reducing papers and hence cutting of trees and beneficial ii. Ship based operations : Loading, unloading,
environmental benefit that facilitate excess water absorption maintenance and servicing of ships
and greater capture of carbon dioxide. Human race has iii. Management based operations : Cooperative
achieved much civilization and development in recent years scheduling and controlling of the world's oceans
until it seem as development is closed to the peak. However, iv. Activities for connectivity of the above three
new philosophy under are being promoted in recent years
include proactive behaviors, recycling, system integration and According to the united nation, a typical ICT component
conservation to make all what has been built meaningful and consist of the components described in Table and most of
efficient. This paper discusses how system integration under
smart ship concept within ship and shore can benefit human
for climate change control.
Keywords-sytem integration, paperless, ship, elecronics waste
I. INTRODUCTION
Technological age has always depends on the concept of
speed, reliability, cost, mobility, miniaturization and
networking. Not until recently concerned about the
environment that has been supporting human and the
technocrat that have been built has become the major drive for
technology sustainable and efficient system development.
Smart ship shore operations focus on building smart system
using new information technology and interfacing all the
associated service areas of maritime industry - sea and shore.
The interconnectivity of control system, computers, software,
hardware, electrical, mechanical and other work support
system by using in wireless computer network, radio them ends their journeys as shown in Figure 1.
frequency sensor gateway, and the internet for data FIGURE I. E-WASTE DESTINATION [UNEP, 2008]
management activities and operations on board ship. The

2. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
through fiber optics and blue tooth -this for easy data
TABLE I. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER transfer and control needed.
 Building of a dynamic intelligent system that will
Material % -
Ferrous 32 -
provide easy synchronization to automated
metal computation in shipping industry.
Plastic `23 -  Building of scalable and efficient system that will
Non ferrous 18 Lead reduce transportation cost, ease system management
metal cadmium
antimony
and upgrade
beryllium,
mercury
Glass 15 Other benefits that can be derived from such system are:
Electronics 12 Gold silver
board platinum
 Production of potential manpower savings while
improving readiness and quality of life through
assessing policy changes, innovative cultural and
In the contrary, the computer help us to reduce solid waste tradition modifications and integration of advanced
of papers, and a thorough cost benefit analysis is required to technology to come up with the need of cybernetic
justify use make balance between use of computer and the ships.
computers disposalat the end of t heir life. How nice it will be  Reduction of annual operating costs by million, and
to have semi conductor industry to recycle the use of the developed long-term benefits in terms of improved
material. Another problem is the effects of the trace metals on morale and retention of quality personnel.
human health and ecology. Tailoring IT utilization list for a Multimedia digital system on board ship, creation of
specific ship application and associated seaport facility, more space from recreation and training of crews that
passenger and cargo carrier, or sea traffic management can will improve efficiency, reduce homesickness of
systems require reference, networking interfacing and the crew and improve quality of life for the crew.
integration of infrastructure worksheet of the list of core  Increase in efficiency of the shore infrastructure,
technology elements associated with system support resources QOL increases for operational forces through better
associated services in ship shore operations like : customer service and for installation personnel
Administration, Finance, Building, including Access, through reduced workload.
Environmental, Inspection, Security and Safety as well as  Increases in efficiency and subsequent increases in
Communications, Office Equipment, Computer Network QOL and increase operational readiness
Resources, Food Storage and Distribution, Interface, Public  Contribution to absolute safe monitoring and
Works, Software, Emergency Medical Systems, Marine management of utility power plant for high
Systems, Rail and land intermodal system linked with the port reliability, black out detection, and emergency cut out
operations and door to door services. Necessary interface and efficiency
integration software could be adapted to facilitate this  Low operating cost and reduced human power as well
intelligent transportation work as required. as -E-billing facilitation and e- interface capability
 Stand alone and remote control capability from a long
range.
II. REQUIREMENT FOR SHIPBOARD PAPERLESS SMART
SYSTEM
Today things that have been developed by human are III. SCOPE OF SUSTAINABLE SMART PAPERLESS SHIP
becoming faster and the time to do many, to finish or do more PROJECT COULD LIE WITHIN THE FOLLOWING
things is not enough, give rise to today’s need for systems
integration. In other to further build capacity for use of ICT,
 Shipboard operations - Alarm Data loggers, Bridge
and boost its contribution to mitigation of climate change it is
Movement Recorders, Compass/Internal Navigation,
important to implement the efficient and sustainable smart
Commercial Radar, Doppler Speed Logs and
system for ship this include[1]:
accessories, Electronic chart systems, - electronic
charts, bridge systems and equipment, automatic
 Design of universal control server for shipboard
identification systems, shipboard alert systems, also
power control systems.
changing role of class societies, regulation and policy
 Building of artificial intelligent development program thematic areas [2].
for the system - With a result to reduce man power,
 Port terminal - Elevators, Escalators, Fire Detection,
simplify management process and cost reduction.
Heating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Electric
 Connection of the central monitoring station to Power, Safety, Security, Telecommunications, Water
wireless node, sensor network including the internet

3. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
and Sewer systems, as well as Leasing and Financial
Management Software to support the Building i. Main devices: PDA, A/D converter, microcontroller
Infrastructure that required to support the various device, pc
aspects of the Sea Transportation activities. ii. Network sensors-infrared remote control, water level
 Integration- Integration and interface through smart controller, RS 232 interfaces for A/D converter,
and wireless network. digital automation temperature control smoke
 Software - Word Processing software ,Spread Sheet detector fire alarm controller.
software for various reporting system ,Briefing iii. Testing equipment: digital voltmeter, 5volt power
software , Scheduling software, Data base software supply, digital logic probe, 4 channel digital scope or
Electronic Mail software to exchange informal universal Tektronix logic scope and analyzer.
correspondence, Network Browser software,
shipboard e-mail software, maintenance management, 2 Software
computer based training, simulators, web services,
shipping company software, communications with i. Initial design and simulation software: CAD,
brokers, charterers and agents, shipping agent MathCAD, electronics workbench will be use for
systems . initial design, Simulation software, Atic-transmission
 Hardware - Computer Hardware used to run the line simulation, Aviprog-microcontroler device in
software to satisfy the Sea Transportation sectors parallel programming ,Digitemp-read temperature
daily automated IT requirements, Hardware used to data from USB or wire, Eep- read and EPROM
manage, monitor, and control radar and other ship devices
management aids, ii. Computer language: assembly language for
 Communication - Communications systems, both microprocessor communication
voice and data, used to coordinate and facilitate the iii. Network integration softwares java and c++ for
flow of ships, on-ground vehicle traffic, and requests wireless LAN communication between the PDA, the
for seaport services. Inmarsat Fleet, shipboard device and the sensor and visual basic for auxiliary
information services, ship tracking, ship-shore Communication need and solution
communications by e-mail, data and voice, Iridium,
sending weather, chart updates, training materials to V. GENERAL SSIPS ARCHITECTURE
ship, sending ship operations information back to
shore, Fax, photocopiers, telephones, mobile
telephones and radios, vehicles, etc. Global Wireless device with capability to use LAN and sensor
Positioning System (GPS), Radar, Periscope network need to be established as needed. Analogue to digital
Personnel computers and associated software converter will be wired to a computer .The PC could be the
Steering Vessel Measuring System (VMS) and main control center that will be loaded with hardware and
Vessel Traffic System (VTS) software interface program needed. This will be the main
 Security – The facilitation of the of the use smart control station through with features can be changed and
cards to replace our various conventional security tested on the devices. Network sensor and Bluetooth and
systems. Practical application of the ISPS code, connection to various systems can be established to the
training and monitoring the ISPS code, seafarer ID various computers, wireless device and sensor and the internet.
cards, reducing shipboard piracy, container shipping The layers of the architectures include[3,4]:
security, port security, Smart and Secure Trade lanes,
and container security initiatives.  Server layer: Micro servers are used to host local
content and may be embedded in various devices to
make them network-aware and remotely controllable.
IV. PROCESS FOR SHORE SENSOR INFORMATION Can be used TINI embedded microcontroller to build
PROCESSING SYSTEM (SSIPS) the micro server TINI is the size of a 72-pin memory
SIMM module, has a hybrid 8/32 CPU (DS80C390 -
To put the SSPS system together, the process could target the backwards compatible with 8051), 512K/1M non-
following three phase viz: volatile (battery-backed) RAM, 512K flash ROM, 2x
serial, 2x CAN, 1-wire, parallel, real-time clock, and
i. Equipments and testing, runs Slush (with a command shell similar to Unix), a
ii. Arrangement, connection, networking and testing Java virtual machine (JVM) and Java API. Software
iii. Coding and testing. includes FTP server, TELNET server, TTY server
and HTTP server. A micro server may have interfaces
A Description of Equipment such as CF (mainly for networking), SD (mainly for
storage), USB, infrared, and DSP and Clock speed in
1 Hardwires the order of 300- 500 MHz.

4. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
 Wireless layer: For a user can interact with the cyber-
assisted environment through an agent device like
PDA’s or mobile phone.Wireless network with inter-
operability being one of the most important aspects,
the standard 802.11b and 802.11 will be used
according to nature of the system.
 Sensor network layer: networks are used to get real
world data, her there is need for gateway to IP sensor,
The main module has a microprocessor and an RF
chip; the sensor module has the sensors for light,
temperature, magnetism, acceleration, and sound. As
the role of sensor networks is constant monitoring,
radio communication is usually in use. Therefore,
gateways between sensor networks and computer
networks will be needed; their task is to monitor
incoming sensor data and invoke hook operations FIGURE II. SYSTEM ARRANGEMENT AND
DIAGRAM
when trigger events are detected.
 Middleware layer: To have applications working over
heterogeneous embedded networks requires
VI SUBSYSTEM OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK
lightweight mechanisms of service directory and
remote procedure invocation. Multicast
This system can be tested on different subsystem and
(DNS)domain name service discovery is a good
system, technology could be applies on various part of the
pick for the former functionality and the web based
ship: Most ship systems are design to run on analogue built
technologies for the latter, as JAVA for simple
system, in this new digital time, today there are many
server-side processing and SOAP (simple object
commercial and ship built on digital system. Integrated Ship
access protocol) for network wide distributed
Control System (ISCS or ISC) is replacing obsolete analog
processing.
ship’s control systems with a state-of-the-art, commercial off-
 Real world user interface: Implementation of smart
the-shelf (COTS) system with a Windows NT operating
ship will allow user to interact with the real world
system or Linux that communicates via dual-honed single and
environment, user interface on the agent device will
multi-mode fiber optics. The air-blown fiber optic network,
be a good in thing in addition to the standard web
programmable logic controllers (PLCs), data acquisition units
browser interface. Infrared communication will be
(DAUs), Intergraph computers, and Henshel hardware
used for the physical reference, where the IP address
components are the backbone of the equipment equipments in
of the agent device and the URL of the service on the
this category [5].
micro server is pointed at by the user are exchanged.
Voice recognition will useful for specifying services,
where the user's voice is sampled on the agent device VII BEST PRACTICE FOR SHIPBOARD SYSTEM
and then transmitted to the voice recognition server
by the VoIP (voice over IP) technology. The result
may be used with the multicast DNS service A. Typical example for on board integrated Bridge System
discovery. Another interesting method is location- (IBS)
based service lookup. Other location infrastructures
that can be used are 3D video tracking and based This include provision of navigation assurance via
station id of wireless will be used for short distance. automated piloting and ship’s course and track analysis with
Switch arrangement to GPS should be provided for radar and digital nautical chart overlay, as well as collision
ship-shore needs. avoidance, on possible required integration needed from on
 Security layer: the security and privacy issues are board ships systems are:
ever prominent yet potential difficult and problems in
smart system design. It is not acceptable for the ship 1. Actuators
or operations to fail. And since the whole idea is
about opening the network to the net, securing the i. 4 rpm controlled azimuth thrusters with indecently
network is important; security measure will include controllable azimuth angles that can control
ID encryptions and using location authentication. commands are transferred from the control room to
Using internet security for protection against long the ship by a radio link.
distance intruder.
2. Computer system

5. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
ii. Micro PC onboard the ship running QNX real-time controls. There is need to prepare a micro server with an
operating system ( target PC) infrared port, run a web server with a java script that has
iii. The control system is developed on a PC in the information about the remote control signals for the target
control room (host PC) Simulink/Opal can be use on device, and placed it in an appropriate position. The remote
target PC using automatic C-code generation and control procedure will be according following steps could
wireless ethernet. follow:
iv. Integrated Condition Assessment System (ICAS) that
provides condition-based maintenance recording for i. The user transmits the agent device's IP address in the
main propulsion, electric plant, and auxiliary infrared beam by pressing a designated button. The
equipment micro server receives the beam and sends back the
v. Wireless Communication System that provides hand- URL of the remote control java page on its web
held communications for ship’s key personnel in or server to the decoded address of the sender over the
near the ship. wireless network.
ii. A web browser is started with the returned of URL on
the agent device; the user then sees a remote control
B Typical example - for a on board power plant and fuel page for which he/she presses one button. A request
control system is sent to the micro server’s web server; next, the
corresponding JAVA script is executed and the
Machinery Control System (MCS) could provides main control signal is transmitted to the device. The user
propulsion and electrical plant control, also fuel Control sees his request granted. Voice IP technology will be
System (FCS) provides an automated control of a ship’s fuel incorporated as necessarily
fill and transfer operations.
D. Typical example for ship shore communication and data sharing
i. Determination of power capacity of a particular
utility plant and how many substations it can be This involve we will device application to open and
divided into. integrate ship shore network and communication system to the
ii. Number of equipment will be derivative of 1 internet .this way, communication will be cheaper, but the
iii. Number of substations according power need with thing here is that main security satellite transmission and
step up and step down transformers will be ideal for a reception dish will be used here.
prototype design. With nominal 220v input and
output voltage.
iv. 4-Auto transformer can be use to determine input and VIII WHAT CAN BUILDING THE ABOVE DESCRIBE
impedance can be used to simulate the load and filters SYSTEMS ACHIEVE
will be connected for PF control station, substation
central station connected through LAN and Bluetooth A. Paperless desktop
to the various computers, wireless device and sensor
and the Internet.
v. Number of computer- aided system can be connected i. Regional information/data repository
to the switches and controller and various network ii. Single interface for all Web-accessible
devices , but whenever it cannot find a solution it will information/applications
send alarm or message through the network to human iii. Automatic routing and storage of correspondence and
and will learn how the solution was provides. instructions
vi. 3-phase transformer Current transformer Potential iv. Reduction in labor associated with copying and
transformer Autotransformer Impedance, Circuit mailing paperwork
breaker, Computers fixed filter and Control filters v. Faster access to more accurate information increases
Switch software simulation. worker satisfaction
vi. Reduced workload for admin workers provides more
Focal areas for this model are intelligent routing of the time for other essential tasks
system and Power distribution and control. The use of
existing power line to build the network physical and control ** Naval Air Station (NAS) Brunswick: saves 36,000 sheets
could enter e-recycling regime. of paper annually on instruction distribution alone
C. Typical example for smart terminal operations B. Smart terminal
This will include capability for short range sensing
application ashore and on board where the system allows the i. Automated port operations management system
user to control any device that has ordinary IR remote

6. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
ii. Vessel/Berth/Tug Scheduling & Web Enabled  Provides increased security status visibility
System  Reduces manpower requirements while increasing
iii. Provides improved efficiencies by providing security level
improved communications and near ―real-time‖  Increased security means safer working environment
monitoring of Port Ops assets
iv. Reduces preventive and corrective maintenance on all H. Lifeline
port operations equipment, which means less
overtime required for already-busy sailors and  Delivers QOL services and programs via the Internet,
civilians teleconferencing, satellite broadcasting and cable TV
 Web site uses "expert systems‖ to deliver a
comprehensive range of human services and
D. Smart Procurement Electronic Data Interchange (SPEDI) has assistance to the total force
been implemented in the US NAVY ship
 Assurance of supplements does not replace traditional
QOL community-based service delivery systems
 Total e-commerce solution for negotiated
procurement  Provides greater access to "high touch" human
services using "high tech" modern technologies
 Automated back office processing capability and
interface to DFAS  Maritime multimedia super-corridor-including
training video conferencing
 Completely eliminates unmatched disbursements
Joint maritime services partnership
 Just-in-Time/optimized inventory management
 Reduces labor associated with order, receipt and bill I. Smart base direction
paying procedures (customers, vendors
 Near Term:
E. Activity-Based Costing/Management (ABC-ABM)
o Installation and Region Interoperability
o Local Operational Unit Integration into
 Benefit derived here will be
Shore Business Process
 Provides tools to facilitate management decisions in
 Mid-Term:
allocating resources efficiently and maximizing
o Multi-Region Interoperability
operational efficiencies
 Long Term:
 Operational efficiencies gained reduce maintenance
o Installation, Region, Headquarters Staff
requirements, which in turn reduce workload
Interoperability
 Savings gained through process reengineering can be
 Continuous:
used to better serve the sailor
o Leverage existing investments,
infrastructure, policies and practices to assist
in reducing the cost of daily shore-based
F. Intransit material bar-coding
operations
 Automated inventory tracking and notification system XI COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
 Distribution Center automatically notifies customers
via email of supply shipments Theoretical knowledge based on digital electronics,
 More accurate tracking of supplies LAN, microprocessor, c++ and other electrical, electronics,
 Faster delivery of supplies from distribution center to computer and communication engineering and ship systems
operational units areas could be applied as needed. Installations of systems that
 Supplies directly or indirectly affect QOL of sailor perform voyage management, digital damage control
(operational readiness) information management, wireless internal voice
communications, equipment condition assessment, digital
machinery control, a Learning Resource Center and a fiber-
G. Electronics Security optic LAN is recommended for the Smart Ship System
Assessment report. This is required utilize the advantage of the
 Automated electronic access control via Smart Card synergy between technology and policy and procedural
using contactless card technology (proximity card) changes and to enable manpower reductions with less risk.
 Monitors general base access and special access areas
 Central secure surveillance of interiors, exteriors and Risk solutions and recommendation –the military has
property parameters always been the first institution that invest a lot to try new
 Records management system/access audit/ event things, the US Navy’s has been involved in smart ship
recording program geared towards reduced cost and man power, while
also increasing efficiency. Installation and integration of the

7. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
latest technologies now provides the fleet with automatic infrastructure are necessary to implement modern
digital control and status monitoring for its vital operational technologies. Table II shows potential ship board impact areas.
systems thus this has always been the trend of research work,
adapting current system developed smart system on war ship TABLE 11. SPACE WHERE SIMILAR POLICY CHANGE
and smart terminal operations to commercial fleet is a COULD IMPACT
presently needed for the level of technology in shipping.
The cost of establishing this system and the network
is high - however; suggestion will be made on upgrade of
existing facility to lower cost to a greater degree. The above
proposed describe system is a complex task, since two heads
are better than one combine industry, military, academic and
professional in this field has been useful and this could
facilitate the other work including building the prototypes ,
system and equipment installation.
Survey and analysis of existing wireless and network
system and modification to requirement is a good tool to
identify various goal and necessary upgrade, which will
equally reduce the cost requirement of connection and
equipment that will be employed for hybrid facility Selection
and building the program tool to execute the control,
operation, and research will be made on existing related
program in other field as well as code elaboration will be
developed.
X Cost and benefit analysis
Information and initiatives will be freely exchanged
The cost of analysis to complete the control and
and shared to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of both
network system requires critical analysis accordingly. The
programs could augment the following:
long term objective of these projects is to identify the most
promising labor saving technologies available today for back
i. Technology transfer prospect: in a world that is going
fit, or projected the future for forward fit. This will potentially
through a wireless revolution, product reduction,
save the industry significant manpower funds, in the long
reliability, scalability and speed, the above described.
term. Figure III shows cost saving from
Smart system will be very marketable and its patents
will allow technology and transfer and cooperation
DESIGN
10 within electronics and marine industry. Same
LABOR redundant technology can be use for smart hem and
8
smart industry and facility management.
SHPYARD
6 LABOR
4
CONSUMPTIO ii. The advantages of the proposed design would
N
reduced manpower, reduced capital investment,
2 MAINTAINACE
reduced demand for hot/fresh water, improved
0 PERSONAL sanitation, individualized menu selection, no
TERMINAL
inventory requirement, and reduced storage space.
FIGURE III. TOTAL OWNERSHIP COST
OPERATIONS Issue of Intelligent electric power resource
COMPONENTS FOR A SHIP [SOURCE: NAS, 2009] management and other electrical or electronic power
management are ample areas for improvement. This
Traditional ships need a lot personal, and cutting out technology, application to other platforms, will
this number has always been a priority for many managers in shown savings in operational and maintenance time.
the transportation industry and the answer to this is
applications of information technology challenge. It will iii. Potential Improvement: Independent of definitive
avoid Duplication or overlap with Smart Ship endeavors by billet reduction, impacts on design may be measured.
working with other industry and merge ideas together to come Obviously, spaces should be designed to work
up with the best aim system to control our devices., except in efficiently, whether manned to historical levels or
those cases where the initiative is an element of the core revised to reflect improvements in technology or

8. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
policy revision. Equipments would be multi- flow management, and personnel/facilities
functional or accessible to more than one operator. scheduling.
Physical area may be reduced as appropriate to
facilitate access by fewer personnel. Efficiencies in Sustainability through manning and shipbuilding design:
stowage are also examples of where design can be
modified to best serve the crew regardless of size. On
Smart Ship, the majority of the workload savings can i. Manning through constant care can only be maintain
be attributed to policy and procedure changes. A new through training of personal, establishment ICT
mind-set to review business as usual and develop department to focus on improving ship’s performance
methods to utilize only those personnel required to on board, this project will be beneficial to the
guide this effort [6, 7]. improvement of work on ship and shore. First, shore-
based training is transitioning to shipboard
responsibility - and secondly, there will need for
XI RISK AREAS FOR SSIPS embedded on board training program with emphasize
on expanded computer skills for both operator and
maintainer and average sailor’s tenth grade
Major Potential Risk Areas : for everything the is always the educational level has to be supplemented by
bad side, smart system development for ship has no exemption extensive onboard training.
, therefore extensive work on security for necessary ii. Shipbuilding design based on the above will be a
protection. good guide for ship designer, their space work and
partition. Other recommendations are:
i. Potential Area(s) of Automation Risk: building
infrastructure, office and Network systems, and the a. Fleet Modernization and conversion - Full build
core seaport/terminal, ship carrier, and ship traffic integrated design, logistical and planning and
management Infrastructure could affect the sea management support for modernize old fleet.
transportation sector's ability to conduct critical, b. Upgrading fleet with Advanced Planar Antennae -
essential, and non-essential business. The inability to use of Integrated VHF/UHF/L-Band Antenna
utilize mobile radios, mobile telephones, telephones, (IVUL), Advanced Multifunction Radar Frequency
and utility vehicles including support systems e.g., Concept (AMRF-C).
maintenance, etc., and non-essential systems impact c. Radar upgrade - Ship systems to use near field radar
would include the inability to utilize basic office reflectivity range that provides the capability to
support resources measure the radar reflectivity of large structures
accurately and with high resolution. Individual
ii. Operational: Loss of failure of the vessel's component contributions.
navigation, steering, speed logs, military and d. Remote Source Lighting - remote source lighting
commercial radar, Vessel Measuring System (VMS), technology in marine applications that allows full
Vessel Traffic System (VTS), communications and spectrum effective lighting in hazardous atmosphere
Periscope, control systems, e.g., engine and cargo environments without the expensive, heavy weight
systems, failure or corruption of the seaport, sea explosion.
carrier, or sea traffic management systems. Data e. Fiber optics cable technology promised weight
Bases that support the fundamental sector operations reduction and lowered interference susceptibility for
such as passenger and cargo reservations and communications applications.
booking, sea planning and traffic flow management,
and personnel/facilities scheduling, Mobile Radios XII MITIGATION OPTIONS ON IMPACTS
and Telephones, Utility Vehicles, and Telephone
Service i. Officer of the Watch manned only when as necessary,
change may not have negative impact on readiness
iii. Port Infrastructure: Loss of elevators, escalators, fire and can be implemented at zero cost. Wireless
detection, heating and air Conditioning (HVAC), communications provides flexibility to have these
electric power, safety, security, telecommunications, personnel roving or on-call rather than remaining in
reservation, flight planning, and scheduling systems, concentrated on job. Design sufficient monitoring,
as well as Leasing and Financial Management Issue: Shipboard Automated Planned Maintenance
Software. Failure or corruption of the seaport, sea System (SAPMS) reduced time to perform PMS
carrier, or sea traffic management systems. Also, data checks on UHF equipments Impact. SAPMS or
Bases that support the fundamental sector operations similar system would be of more benefit because of
such as passenger and cargo reservations and potentially more use of UHF equipments
booking, customer billing, sea planning and traffic

9. (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 8, No. 9, December 2010
ii. Use of High Speed Fleet Broadcast system will smart ship technology will achieve a return on investment in
increases the throughput rate of fleet broadcast by future voyage management, LAN/wireless internal
300% to 9600 bps and enhances ship’s HF communication and machinery condition assessment that are
capabilities by providing single tone modems with valuable particularly in reduce risk, and increasing speed.
interleaving and Forward Error Correction. It replaces Smart new technology applications will supplement or replace
existing fleet satellite broadcast modems. Message current shipboard systems and subsequently mitigate increased
volumes continue to increase and even, hence higher risk perceived from reducing watch standers. SPS could also
speeds will be needed. Modems already achieving reduce present day’s transportation problems in making
56.6K bps a faster system will be beneficial. transportation system safer and more efficient. Setting,
iii. High Frequency Radio Group replaces existing program functioning, and staff skills unification of system in
shipboard manually tuned/controllable and rigid HF diversity, foster extensive cooperation among professionals,
(2-30MHz) systems. HF remains a viable tactical agencies through building integrated information system. It
circuit for ship-to-shore operations particularly due to will also improve readiness for change and resources available
the always present competition for satellite on pressing issues in marine transportation systems as well
bandwidth. Automating tuning and controlling will further great transformation and reciprocating performance
increase accuracy and set up speed. contribution to human civilization.
iv. Touchpads replace mice and/or track balls facilitate
operator interface and have no moving parts. There REFERENCE
may be difficult for the operator because the pitch
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and simulation techniques for ITS Design, future issues of
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http://www.sysopt.com/articles/soi/index3.html
v. EDI system- Resale Operations Management 4. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~pal/research/tossim.html, accessed,
Electronic Data Interchange (ROM EDI) eliminates may, 2009.
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vii. Galley maintenance- is a labor intensive function. It AUTHORS PROFILE
is possible to modify the bulk of this operation O. O. Sulaiman is currently lecturer and research fellow in Maritime
Technology department at University Malaysia Terengganu. He
without overburdening the individual Sailor through chattered engineer and chattered marine enegineer. He has 18 years
innovative packaging and food preparation. The experience in maritime industry. He has taught various maritime subject.
proposed conceptual design would require an He has sailed on board ocean going vessel vessel and work on various
automated ID system, a comprehensive data base, marine projects.
advanced food processing and packaging, and A.H. Saharuddin is curently the dean of of Faculty of Mraitime Studies and
Marine Science. He is a Fellow of IMarEST. He is a policy expert in
innovative heating technology. maritime industry.
A.B. S. Kader is profesor of Marine Technology, He has worked on various
XIII CONCLUSION maritime projects.
Beside environmental benefit of reducing flooding of
land and capturing of green house gases by less tree cutting,