Why do we need nuclear power? Indo US nuclear deal ? Cost of the deal ? Do we really need nuclear power?

1. G.SUDHIR

4. NPT/NNPT – Nuclear Non
Proliferation Treaty
 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT or NNPT) is a treaty to limit
the spread of nuclear weapons,
opened for signature on July 1, 1968.

5. All signatories,
including
nuclear weapon
states, are
committed to :
◦ the goal of
total nuclear
disarmament.
◦ non
proliferation,

6. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty
 This treaty bans all nuclear
explosions in all
environments, for military
or civilian purposes.
 It was adopted by the
United Nations General
Assembly on 10 September
1996 but it has not yet
entered into force

7.  In response to
a growing
Chinese
nuclear
arsenal, India
conducted a
nuclear test in
1974.
 Following
this, other

8.  Since India
conducted 5
more tests in
May’1998, it was
subject to
international
sanctions and
isolation for
its civil
program.

10. Estimated annual
Uranium production –
300 tonnes
Estimated annual
Uranium consumption –
450 tonnes

11. And, India's
estimated
reserve of
uranium
represents
only 1% of the
world's
known
uranium

12. But why the sudden love ?
 To keep a check on Russia.
 A counterweight to China.
 A reliable partner in a conflicted part of
Asia.
 Partner in the war against terrorism
 Exploiting the billion dollar Indian
market.
 To restrict Indian support to Iran
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13. In July 2005, President Bush and Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh issued a joint statement announcing
their intent to negotiate a civil nuclear pact.
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14. * The agreement not to hinder or interfere with India's nuclear programme for
military purposes.
* US will help India negotiate with the IAEA for an India-specific fuel supply
agreement.
* Washington will support New Delhi develop strategic reserves of nuclear fuel to
guard against future disruption of supply.
* In case of disruption, US and India will jointly convene a group of friendly supplier
countries to include nations like Russia, France and the UK to pursue such measures
to restore fuel supply.
* Both the countries agree to facilitate nuclear trade between themselves in the
interest of respective industries and consumers.
•India and the US agree to transfer nuclear material, non-nuclear material, equipment
and components.
* Any special fissionable material transferred under the agreement shall be low
enriched uranium.
* Low enriched uranium can be transfered for use as fuel in reactor experiments and
in reactors for conversion or fabrication.
* The ambit of the deal include research, development, design, construction,
operation, maintenance and use of nuclear reactors, reactor experiments and
decommissioning.

15. * The US will have the right to seek return of nuclear fuel and technology but it will
compensate for the costs incurred as a consequence of such removal.
* India can develop strategic reserve of nuclear fuel to guard against any disruption
of supply over the lifetime of its reactors.
* Agreement provides for consultations on the circumstances, including changed
security environment, before termination of the nuclear cooperation.
* Provision for one-year notice period before termination of the agreement.
* The US to engage Nuclear Suppliers Group to help India obtain full access to the
international fuel market, including reliable, uninteruppted and continual access to
fuel supplies from firms in several nations.
•The US will have the right to seek return of nuclear fuel and technology.
* In case of return, Washington will compensate New Delhi promptly for the "fair
market value thereof" and the costs incurred as a consequence of such removal.
* Both the countries to set up a Joint Committee for implementation of the civil
nuclear agreement and development of further cooperation in this field.
* The agreement grants prior consent to reprocess spent fuel.
* Sensitive nuclear technology, nuclear facilities and major critical components can
be transferred after amendment to the agreement.
* India will establish a new national facility dedicated to reprocessing safeguarded
nuclear material under IAEA safeguards.
* Nuclear material and equipment transferred to India by the US...

16. What are the terms of the deal ?
 India agrees to separate its civil and military nuclear
facilities.
 Agreed to place its civil facilities under IAEA
safeguards.
 India cannot use the technology for military purpose.
 The companies from U.S and NSG countries will be
allowed to build nuclear reactors in India and provide
nuclear fuel for its civilian energy program.
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17. Who opposed it in India and why?
 The national Communist Party
 The Right wing Bharatiya Janata Party, the
country's principal opposition party.
 A principal Left wing party.
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18.  India has to support
all the International
laws which the
American
parliament has
approved.
 India should allow
US battle ships to
utilize the Indian
waters for its needs
if any.

19. Nuclear fuel
reprossesing
technology was not
guarenteed in the deal.
In case the deal is
cancelled in the future

20. Nuclear Liability Bill 2010
 The bill deals with the
liabilities in case of a
possible nuclear mishap.
 The bill is necessary to
activate Indo-U.S. Civilian
Nuclear Agreement.
 The U.S. companies
require the liability bill to
get insurance in their
home state.

21. Clause 6
 According to this clause,
the maximum financial
liability in case a nuclear
accident occurs has been
set at the rupee equivalent
of 300 million special
drawing rights (SDRs)
which is equal to $458
million (Rs. 2,087 crore).
 A same kind of law in U.S.
has set the financial
liability for such accident
at $10.5 billion.

22. Clause 7
 The maximum
amount payable by
the foreign
companies will be
limited to a meagre
sum of Rs. 500
crore.
 Remaining amount
will be paid by the
Indian government.

23.  Number of persons dead = 15,000
 Total compensation = 500000 lakhs
 Compensation per person = 3.3 lakh
approx.
 A train accident = 5 lakhs
 In recent manglore flight
accident = 93 lakhs
 Mumbai terrorist attack = 5.25 lakhs

24. Clause 17
 It allows only the
operator (NPCIL) to
sue the
manufacturers and
suppliers.
 Victims will not be
able to sue anyone

25. Clause 35
 The operator or the
responsible persons in
case of a nuclear
accident will undergo
the trial under
Nuclear Damage
Claims Commissions.
 No civil court is given
the authority.

26. Clause 18
 Limits the time to
make a claim within
10 years.
 This is considered to
be too short as there
may be long term
damage due to a
nuclear accident.

28. Is Nuclear Power THE cheapest ?
Cost per unit of :-
Thermal power : Rs. 1.05 to 1.75
Gas based power : Rs. 1.35 to 2.35
Nuclear power : Rs. 2.80
Hydro electricity :
one third those of either fossil-fueled
(coal or oil) or nuclear power plants,
Less than one fourth the cost of gas
turbine electricity production

29.  We have 1,50,000
MW of untapped
hydroelctricity .
 Instead of making
the deal for 40,000
MW , if we co-
operate with Nepal
we can generate
80,000 MW of
hydroelectric
power.

30.  The country has vast reserves of thorium in the
beaches of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Orissa.
 They are the 25 %in the world.

31. THANK YOU