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Advanced Topics in
Offshore Wind Turbines Design
Franco Bontempi, Ph.D., P.E.,
Professor of Structural Analysis and Design
School of Engineering
University of Rome La Sapienza
ITALY
2
6
3
INDEX OF TOPICS
• Evolutive / Innovative Design
• System Complexity
1) Structural Systems Decomposition
2) Enlarged Structural System
(Actions Decomposition)
3) System Performance Decomposition
4
NEW KNOWLEDGE
REQUIRED BY
AN INNOVATIVE
DESIGN
ACTUAL
KNOWLEDGE
BASIS KNOWLEDGE
REQUIRED
BY AN EVOLUTIVE
DESIGN
Evolutive / Innovative Designs (1)
5
Evolutive / Innovative Designs (2)
6
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM
7
Wind / Wave Interaction
DESIGN ENVIRONMENT
MODELING
8
Soil / Structure Interaction
GLOBAL
STRUCTURAL
MODELING
9
Global / Local Structural Aspects
LOCAL
STRUCTURAL
MODELING
10
MACRO-LEVEL MESO-LEVEL MICRO-LEVEL
DESIGN
VARIABLES
PERFORMANCE
LEVELS
MACRO-LEVELMESO-LEVELMICRO-LEVEL
Structural System Decomposition
11
jacket:
vertical element
base:
diagonal element
base:
horizontal element
bucket – pile guide
pile
jacket:
diagonal element
jacket:
horizontal element
tower
special junction
zone
Traditional Concepts
12
Scheme of strutted
support structures for
OWT positioned in sea
with water level ranging
from 20 to 35 m
Innovative Concepts
FLEXIBILITY OF CONFIGURATION
13
BASIC
LOAD#1
14
BASIC
LOAD#2
MODEL
MESH
LOADS &
RESTRAINTS
SHELL
MODEL
19
FRAME
MODEL
SHELL
MODEL
21
ENVIRONMENT ZONE
Structure
Non
environmental
solicitations
EXCHANGE ZONE
Wind and wave flow
Structural (non-
environmental)
system
Site-specific
environment
Wind site basic
parameters
Other
environmental
agents
Wave site basic
parameters
Wind, wave and
sea current
actions
Aerodynamic and
Aeroelastic
phenomena
Hydrodynamic
phenomena
Enlarged Structural System
ENVIRONMENT
ZONE
EXCHANGE
ZONE
STRUCTURE
22
SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
DEFINITION OF
PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS /
GLOBAL PARTS
DEFINITION OF
INTERFACE VARIABLES /
COMPONENTS
DEFINITION OF
DETAILED FUNCTIONS /
LOCAL ELEMENTS
23
Performance decomposition
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
PERFORMANCE
INTRINSIC
TO THE
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
REFERRED
TO SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
i.e. LIMIT STATES
DYNAMIC
CHARACTERIZATION
STRUCTURAL
ROBUSTNESS
SERVICEABILITY
LIMIT STATES
ACCIDENTAL /
EXTREME
LIMIT STATES
ULTIMATE
LIMIT STATES
deformation limits
connection decompression / slippage
natural frequencies
...
strength of the parts, elements, connections
strength of the whole structure
global / local stability
...
survivability of the
structural system in
presence of extreme and/or
unforeseen, situations
compatibility of the intrinsic vibration
characteristics of the structural system with those of
the acting forces and loads and
compatibility for the movement and the accelerations
of the support system for the functionality of the
turbine
decrease in the load bearing capacity proportional
to the damage
24
STRUCTURE
Main structure
Nacelle
Rotor–nacelle assembly
Operation
Maintenance
Emergency
Support structure
ACTIONS/LOADSENVIRONMENT
Junctions/bearings
Rotor
Junctions/bearings
Blades
Junctions/bearings
Tower
Junctions
Substructure
Junctions
Foundations
Junctions
Secondary structure
Energy production
Energy transfer
Auxiliary structure
Gravitational / Inertial
Gravity
Braking
Aviation
Seismic activity
Aerodynamic
Hydrodynamic
Actuation
Other
Wave
Current
Torque control
Mechanical breaking loads
Yaw and pitch actuator loads
Tsunami
Impact loads
Wake loads
Wind conditions
Marine conditions
Seabed movement and scour
Other conditions
Normal wind conditions
Extreme wind conditions
Waves
Sea currents
Water level
Marine growth
Air temperature
Humidity
Solar radiation
Rain, hail, snow, ice
Chemically active substances
Mechanically active substances
Environmental aggressiveness
Lighting
Seismicity
Water density
Water temperature
Maritime traffic
Normal wave conditions
Extreme wave conditions
Serviceability Safety Reliability Robustness
Service Limit States – SLS Ultimate Limit States – ULS_1 Accidental Limit States – ALSUltimate Limit States – ULS_2
Fatigue Limit States – FLS
Deflections/Displacements
Vibrations Strain limit
Stress limit Degradation effects
Buckling Fire
Impact
Explosion
PERFORMANCE
25
Functional Analysis/
Resources Allocation
- Decomposition to lower-level function
- Allocate performance
- Define functional interfaces
- Define functional architecture
Requirement
loop
Design loop
PROCESS
INPUT
Historic Analyses
Evolutive / Innovative
Design
Risk Management
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Synthesis
- Transform architecture
- Define alternative product concepts
- Define physical interfaces
- Define alternative product
and process solutions
Requirements Analysis
- Analyze missions and enviroments
- Identify functional requirements
- Define performance and design
constraint requirement
System
Modeling
And
Analysis
SYSTEM DESIGN
26
27
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1 - Advance in Design in Offshore Wind Turbines

  • 1. Advanced Topics in Offshore Wind Turbines Design Franco Bontempi, Ph.D., P.E., Professor of Structural Analysis and Design School of Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza ITALY
  • 2. 2 6
  • 3. 3 INDEX OF TOPICS • Evolutive / Innovative Design • System Complexity 1) Structural Systems Decomposition 2) Enlarged Structural System (Actions Decomposition) 3) System Performance Decomposition
  • 4. 4 NEW KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY AN INNOVATIVE DESIGN ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE BASIS KNOWLEDGE REQUIRED BY AN EVOLUTIVE DESIGN Evolutive / Innovative Designs (1)
  • 7. 7 Wind / Wave Interaction DESIGN ENVIRONMENT MODELING
  • 8. 8 Soil / Structure Interaction GLOBAL STRUCTURAL MODELING
  • 9. 9 Global / Local Structural Aspects LOCAL STRUCTURAL MODELING
  • 11. 11 jacket: vertical element base: diagonal element base: horizontal element bucket – pile guide pile jacket: diagonal element jacket: horizontal element tower special junction zone Traditional Concepts
  • 12. 12 Scheme of strutted support structures for OWT positioned in sea with water level ranging from 20 to 35 m Innovative Concepts FLEXIBILITY OF CONFIGURATION
  • 15. MODEL
  • 16. MESH
  • 21. 21 ENVIRONMENT ZONE Structure Non environmental solicitations EXCHANGE ZONE Wind and wave flow Structural (non- environmental) system Site-specific environment Wind site basic parameters Other environmental agents Wave site basic parameters Wind, wave and sea current actions Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic phenomena Hydrodynamic phenomena Enlarged Structural System ENVIRONMENT ZONE EXCHANGE ZONE STRUCTURE
  • 22. 22 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE DEFINITION OF PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS / GLOBAL PARTS DEFINITION OF INTERFACE VARIABLES / COMPONENTS DEFINITION OF DETAILED FUNCTIONS / LOCAL ELEMENTS
  • 23. 23 Performance decomposition STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE INTRINSIC TO THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM REFERRED TO SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS i.e. LIMIT STATES DYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION STRUCTURAL ROBUSTNESS SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES ACCIDENTAL / EXTREME LIMIT STATES ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES deformation limits connection decompression / slippage natural frequencies ... strength of the parts, elements, connections strength of the whole structure global / local stability ... survivability of the structural system in presence of extreme and/or unforeseen, situations compatibility of the intrinsic vibration characteristics of the structural system with those of the acting forces and loads and compatibility for the movement and the accelerations of the support system for the functionality of the turbine decrease in the load bearing capacity proportional to the damage
  • 24. 24 STRUCTURE Main structure Nacelle Rotor–nacelle assembly Operation Maintenance Emergency Support structure ACTIONS/LOADSENVIRONMENT Junctions/bearings Rotor Junctions/bearings Blades Junctions/bearings Tower Junctions Substructure Junctions Foundations Junctions Secondary structure Energy production Energy transfer Auxiliary structure Gravitational / Inertial Gravity Braking Aviation Seismic activity Aerodynamic Hydrodynamic Actuation Other Wave Current Torque control Mechanical breaking loads Yaw and pitch actuator loads Tsunami Impact loads Wake loads Wind conditions Marine conditions Seabed movement and scour Other conditions Normal wind conditions Extreme wind conditions Waves Sea currents Water level Marine growth Air temperature Humidity Solar radiation Rain, hail, snow, ice Chemically active substances Mechanically active substances Environmental aggressiveness Lighting Seismicity Water density Water temperature Maritime traffic Normal wave conditions Extreme wave conditions Serviceability Safety Reliability Robustness Service Limit States – SLS Ultimate Limit States – ULS_1 Accidental Limit States – ALSUltimate Limit States – ULS_2 Fatigue Limit States – FLS Deflections/Displacements Vibrations Strain limit Stress limit Degradation effects Buckling Fire Impact Explosion PERFORMANCE
  • 25. 25 Functional Analysis/ Resources Allocation - Decomposition to lower-level function - Allocate performance - Define functional interfaces - Define functional architecture Requirement loop Design loop PROCESS INPUT Historic Analyses Evolutive / Innovative Design Risk Management PROCESS OUTPUT Synthesis - Transform architecture - Define alternative product concepts - Define physical interfaces - Define alternative product and process solutions Requirements Analysis - Analyze missions and enviroments - Identify functional requirements - Define performance and design constraint requirement System Modeling And Analysis SYSTEM DESIGN
  • 26. 26
  • 27. 27 6