1. Trimming the Lamps: What is the Best Practice? A Brief Survey of the Policy, Players & Trends Involved with Unnecessary Commercial Office Lighting 1 MAPL 5315: Sustainable Development Instructors: Hansen, Adams, Glass & Hickman Student: John Hakes

2. Why are office lights on overnight? City Center & IDS Tower where cost= $5k per day DOE: US business spends $33 billion/yr lighting Commercial lighting 20% of CO2 emissions 2 Sources: WCCO TV News, 10/28/10; E360 Digest, June 2010

3. Summary of 346 energy-related bills in National Conference of State Legislatures during 2009/10 No Current State Requirement in MN Rules Chapter 1323 or MN Statutes Chapter 216C One rule lighting regulation in 35 years-repealed Even ASHRAE Standard 90.1 Doesn’t Address “Lighting” Legal Landscape 3 Sources: Julia Verdi, NCSL Bob Eleff, House Resarch Bruce Nelson, Office of Energy Security

4. Started in1975 in response to energy crisis; written in mandatory code language Basis for building codes and design & construction throughout United States Lighting: concerns type, wattage, & power density required to obtain Certificates of Occupancy ASHRAE Standard 90.1Overview 4 Sources: "ASHRAE Insights" Dec. 2010; Building Energy Codes Resource Center

5. 2010 edition seeks 20% energy reduction over 2004 standard. 2010 ASHRAE standard won’t be adopted in MN until 2015 China to build 10 NY cities in next 15-20 yrs 2010 Version of Standard 90.1 5 Source: " ASHRAE Insights" Dec. 2010

6. “It’s difficult to pass energy laws that have any teeth.” “It’s funny you have to talk people into something that’s for their own good.” The party (tenant) who is paying the light bill is not the party (building owner) who is making the investment. Unlike the smoking ban law, building code issues are technical, complex & hidden. 6 Impediments to Legislation Sources: Bob Eleff, House Research ; Bruce Nelson, Office of Energy Security

7. MN Stat. 216B.1691 Subd 7 MN’s Renewable Energy Objectives: Requires graduated use of “eligible energy technologies” to 25% by 2025. PUC evaluates compliance every 2 years Financial penalties up to cost of constructing facilities to comply “The Legislature doesn’t like to make this kind of law very often.” 7 2007 Renewable Energy Standard Source: Bob Eleff, House Research

8. Building Operator Certification “Getting building operators trained would be better than any law you could pass.” Bruce Nelson: Dept of Commerce’s Office of Energy Security 8 20 states train & certify BO’s Goal to “know thy building” using applied practices Rewards for kWh benchmarking

9. Premium candle company BO Wade Bassett took on 30 projects in 2009 alone HQ Bldg Automation System for 100s of locations BAS monitoring creates zones, half-lighting, retrofits & sensors Utility company-provided rebates & incentives 9 A BOC “Difference” Source: "BOC Bulletin" -- Summer/Fall 2010

11. City Center payback $200k in one year

13. ‘Restorative’ (give back) buildings to follow Sources: Emily Reller. BOMA St. Paul; Dec. 2010 “St. Paul BOMA News” 10 BOMA-Building Owners and Managers Association

14. Electrical Grid: The Future is Now 11 Source of Electric Charging Station Photo: WCCO TV News, 11/30/10

15. Sources: Chevrolet.com RevengeoftheElectricCar.com 12 Straight From the Assembly Line: It’s the Volt !! 1st 350 EV shipment 12/15 “Revenge of the Electric Car” Film http://tinyurl.com/2aaolj5

17. Employees remotely control lights near workstation

18. Smart grid technology with IP Addresses for monitoring

19. Test shows 72% reduction in electricity13 Source: "E360 Digest" June 2010

20. Arm of the US Dept of Energy Office of Science Reduced energy consumption by 38% in its office buildings since 1985 Developed adaptable Six-Step Energy Management Plan for Challenges of Businesses: Limited budget with need to justify investment Pacific NW National Laboratory 14 Source: ASHRAE Journal, April 2008

21. “Changing behavior” thru perf evaluations, contests “Recommissioning” of systems including lights “Company wide” lighting retrofits New “funding sources” DOE for retrofits Getting greener Evaluate effectiveness Four of Six Steps Address Lighting 15 Source: ASHRAE Journal, April 2008

22. 14 buildings to have technologies for turning off lights when unused BOMA of Chicago says expansion to all of downtown would allow shutdown of 1 coal-fired power plant Pike Research estimates retrofitting country’s commercial bldgs save BOMA $41billion Not Sleepless in Chicago 16 Source: "Environmental Leader" - 7/23/10

23. A Cleaning Solution from Calgary Commercial nighttime cleaning built around 1950s part-time worker “People got used to it” main reason Calgary converts 23 bldgs to daytime cleaning Tenants appreciate seeing work done & reduced security risks No reversions Trained, unobtrusive, eco-friendly cleaning pros 17

24. These matches consist of a small wax taper, one end of which has been dipped in Phosphorus, and the whole is inclosed in a glass tube hermetically sealed. There is a little ring on the tube to shew where it is to be broken. First warm the phosphorized end … then snap it at or near the ring and draw the phosphorized end out of the tube. It blazes in the instant of its extraction … By having them at your bedside with a candle, the latter may be lighted at any moment of the night without getting out of bed. By keeping them at your writing table, you may seal three or four letters with one of them, or light a candle if you want to seal more which in the summer is convenient. In the woods, they supply the want of steel, flint, and punk.” Multipurpose Phosporetic Match 18 Source: "Jefferson and Madison" by Adrienne Koch

25. “It’s an American way of thinking that if you have enough money, you can exploit a limited resource. We think of individual rights, not collective rights.” --- Bob Eleff, Legislative Analyst, MN House Research A New Bill of Rights?  19

26. Five Stages of Social Change: Discovery, Invention, Innovation, Diffusion, Change Direct the Commerce Commissioner to require interior, automatic lighting systems in commercial office buildings for all new or substantially renovated construction 20 Conclusion & Recommendation