TOP Tsunami Online Portal Paper Blueprint

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Stanford University
Designing a New Learning Environment
Final Team Project (November/December 2012)
(latest update 2013/04/20)
TOP Tsunami Online Portal
Blueprints establishing a Tsunami Online Portal for global tsunami awareness and protection
Team members
Leon Geschwind
MaryBeth Matthews
Carsten Weerth

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Dedication
This Tsunami Online Portal Blueprint has been created on top of the shoulders of giants.
It aims at pooling available information on tsunamis and tsunami education. Furthermore it
contains advice on best practices for implementing education and hazard warning systems
for coastal communities.
We are strongly depending on the fabulous material either for tsunami teaching or tsunami
hazard prevention which has been developed before.
Most notably the Hawaii Blueprints: “Tsunami Education: Blueprints for Coastal
Communities” by Kylie Alexandra, Genevieve Cain and Patsy Iwasaki (2009) and the UNESCO
Papers
- UNESCO (2007a): Natural Disaster Preparedness and Education for Sustainable Develop-
ment. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001504/150454e.pdf,
- UNESCO (2007b): Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation, UNESCO’s Role. URL: http://unes-
doc.unesco.org/images/0015/001504/150435e.pdf and
- UNESCO (2008): Tsunami – Great Waves. URL: http://www.pdc.org/TAK/General/Charac-
teristics/Great_Waves_2008_edition.pdf.
We are indebted to Prof. Paul Kim for sharing his Teaching on the Development of New
Learning Environments in particular in underserved regions of the world and to Stanford
University for enabling a wider range of students and scholars to participate in the
experience of further education by collaboration by help of inventive learning environments
such as URL: http://www.venture-lab.org.
For the DNLE website see URL: http://dnle.stanford.edu/.

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Abstract of the TOP Team Project
Seacoast and island communities vulnerable to tsunamis must have a means to educate
their local residents and visitors on tsunami awareness. They must also have a local portal of
resources that can used before, during, and after a tsunami event. The purpose of these
public educational resources are twofold:
(1) to teach background information on tsunamis in order to educate through history; and
(2) to present current information, tools, and educational resources which the local resi-
dents of and visitors to a tsunami-prone area can use to plan for a tsunami and to use
during and after a tsunami.
The resources should be current and available in online and offline (print) mediums and
must be made known and accessible to all residents or visitors, regardless of educational
background or access to the Internet. The resources should also be culturally sensitive to the
particular community and available in an adequate language. The local community has to
become stakeholders in the development and sustainability of this local resource.
The TOP Team Project presents a blueprint to build such an educational and sustainable
platform, one that collects current resources and is locally designed to meet the needs and
resources of each community, including recognition of the surrounding culture. It presents
research from which these sites could be built. The TOP Blueprint is flexible: it could be
modified if online tools change or are developed, such as the recent influence of apps on
mobile devices. The future holds many unforeseen technological changes, and the TOP
Blueprint can adapt to meet and utilize changes in communication and technology while still
providing critical educational resources.
An abstract of this TOP Blueprint Paper has been published online under URL:
https://venture-lab.org/education/blog_posts/6466?data_type=post.
The Online version of this Blueprints Paper is available under URL:
http://tsunamionlineportal.weebly.com/
This TOP Tsunami Online Portal Blueprints Paper is available under URL:
de.slideshare.net/Sternaugen/top-tsunami-online-portal-paper-blueprint

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Table of Contents
Dedication
Abstract
Project Summary
A. Project Outline
I. Setting
II. Project Plan
III. Funding
IV. Local Volunteer Team
V. Maintaining Resources
B. Introduction
I. History and Danger Zones
II. Early Warning Systems
III. Tsunami Preparedness
IV. TsunamiReady Campaign of the National Weather Service
V. Warning Signs for Tsunamis
C. Hawaii Paper: Blueprints for Education on Tsunamis
I. The Hawaii Tsunami 1 April 1946
II. Following Hawaii Tsunamis at Hilo, Tsunami Warning System, Painful Lessons Learned
III. Hawaii Blueprint Tips on Tsunamis
IV. Hawaii Blueprints Key Questions
V. TOPs Own Tips

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D. Tsunami Awareness for Children
I. Teaching Concepts
II. Helpful Resources for Tsunami Awareness and Classroom Education and Excursions
a. Suitable Resources for Teachers, Adults and Families
b. Suitable Resources for Classroom Education of Children/Pupils
c. Tsunami Education Links
E. Emergency Preparedness Kit
F. Tsunami Preparedness
I. Basic Things to Do
II. Precautions
III. Other Credentials
G. Advice for a Local Approach
H. Conclusion
Tsunami Resources
Books for Adults
Young Children, Juveniles
Scientific Publications & Technical Reports
Tsunami Hazard Prevention Materials/Brochures
Multimedia
Internet Videos (Youtube.com, etc.)
Maps
General References/Links
Tsunami Education Links
Free Emergency Preparedness Mobile Apps

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Project Summary
The Tsunami Online Project aims at developing a framework for a tsunami preparedness
online community. Key components would include content background (i.e. online tsunami
evacuation zone maps), shared online community resources (i.e. component could include
mapping out tsunami evacuation routes), lessons learned (i.e. historical and current tsunami
interviews), etc. a lifelong learning environment.
Hawaii stands for a blueprint since this is a well-served area with a long standing history of
tsunami preparedness. It also aims at creating blueprints for tsunami prone regions which
are less well served in the indo-pacific area. We thereby suggest a Tsunami Online Portal for
Global awareness for tsunamis and emergency help in case of tsunamis.
We are not inventing everything new. We are standing on the shoulders of giants and
building on top of their outstanding work and performance. We are trying to pool important
and useful data so that it is easily available and usable for coastal communities.

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A. Project Outline
I. Setting
The local council of the coastal community of the seacoast, [e.g. Australia, Bangladesh,
Canada, Fiji, Indonesia, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Oceania, Philippines,
Thailand, USA] is concerned their residents do not have enough training, education, or
resources to prepare for a tsunami and its aftermath, especially in light of the 2004 tsunami
in the Indo-Pacific Region and the recent devastation on the East Coast caused by Hurricane
Sandy.
II. Project Plan
The local council wants to implement an online portal of informational and educational
resources to provide the following to all of their residents, regardless of age or education:
1. A collection of informational resources residents can access at any time. These
resources would include websites of already existing sites, such as NOAA,
http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/tsunami.php and http://ptwc.weather.gov/, the
Pacific Disaster Center, http://www.pdc.org/iweb/pdchome.html, and Wikipedia.org,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami which offer frequently updated information;
information on how to prepare for a tsunami and its aftermath; maps of evacuation
routes.
2. An interactive training scenario to educate residents (adults and children) on how
to make correct decisions during the time of an imminent tsunami or in its aftermath.
These can range in scenarios for target age groups. The training will be a 5-day
asynchronous training for adults. Once a resident completes the training, he or she
will receive a certificate. The training with children will be held by schools and also in
kinder gardens.
3. A social network tool, such as Google Person Finder, URL: http://google.org/-
personfinder/global/home.html, accessible through mobile devices and computers
where residents can re-connect in the aftermath; this component assumes, of
course, that there is power available and they have working devices.
4. A Twitter account that can be used for daily notices, updates, and managed
through a social media dashboard, like Hootsuite, http://hootsuite.com/. However,
the purpose of the feed can switch to sending emergency messages when a tsunami
warning goes into effect. In the recent aftermath of Hurricane Sandy on the East
Coast of the United States, the Twitter accounts of state and local officials and
emergency teams became an invaluable resource of communication.
5. In the event that not all residents have access to or a computer, they plan to
design and distribution of print materials containing pertinent information on
preparing for and recovering from a tsunami.

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III. Funding
To fund the site, the council has a minimal budget and plans to research grants for additional
funding. They are also looking for a server (and back-ups) outside of their area. The council
also intends to promote the project through a marketing campaign making the residents
aware of the site.
IV. Local volunteer team
A local volunteer team under their current webmaster (who manages the council’s website)
will maintain the site; the volunteer team will need training materials.
V. Maintaining resources
The resources would have to be monitored to maintain the most current information
available, so a plan of sustainability of the portal would also have to be developed. However
relying on official sites and Wikipedia is a sustainable approach which ensures up-to-date
information.

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B. Introduction
Tsunamis are monster waves or harbor waves that can occur in all bodies of water,
preferable in oceans. All coastal communities of the world are in danger of such waves but in
particular communities in regions with a high geological activity or with ice masses nearby.
Earthquakes, icebergs, landslides and seaslides etc. can trigger the fast removal of the water
body that results in a wave. The waves build up higher when approaching the coast. The
water retreats from the shore (a warning sign for immediate impact). The only escape is
climbing to higher ground. And finally the wave or many waves are hitting ground at the
coast.
I. History and Danger Zones
The word tsunami is a Japanese expression for harbor wave. It is obvious that a tsunami is a
common natural phenomenon in the pacific area. Early historic accounts of tsunamis have
been made by Greece and Roman historians for the Mediterranean Sea and scientific
evidence has proven tsunamis in Norway’s fjords caused by landfalls.
A tsunami hit Alexandria/Egypt in year 365 AD and Lisbon in 1755 AD.
Warning Signs
Typical warning signs for tsunamis in coastal areas are earthquakes, smaller waves that are
spilling over the coastline , thundering noises from the sea or – most dramatically – strongly
receding water masses in coastal areas (the water is withdrawn in order to build a huge
wave)…
Do not go after the receding water. Start for the inner regions of the land, for higher ground.
Animals start to panic and react strange…
II. Early Warning Systems
Early Warning Systems (EWS) are in place in many well served regions (e.g. Japan, Hawaii,
Canada, USA), but not in all regions of the Indo-Pacific area.
Tsunami Escape Routes
Therefore official warnings are to be taken seriously.
Buoys and satellite data are trying to forecast tsunami waves.
The only escape route is to go inland (away from the coastline) and preferably to gain higher
ground.
For Hawaii there are tsunami escape routes mapped in the old way on Tsunami escape maps
as well as modern tsunami escape maps in the internet.

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Figure: Tsunami waves are growing higher when hitting the coast
Source: www.wikipedia.org/wiki/tsunami (animated), detail: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-
File:Propagation_du_tsunami_en_profondeur_variable.gif
III. Tsunami Preparedness
Takahashi et. al. have shown in their 2008 paper that tsunami preparedness is of paramount
importance: this includes knowledge of tsunamis, awareness of tsunami danger and tsunami
emergency and evacuation plans.
However it is also stressed that in some underserved communities the tsunami emergency
and evacuation plans should not only rely on modern, internet-based technology but should
be adapted to the needs and opportunities of the coastal community in question. They sug-
gest using the small Japanese town of Nishiki as blueprint example (Takahashi et. al., 2008,
p. 1).
IV. TsunamiReady Campaign of the National Weather Service
The US National Weather Service has started a campaign to make coastal communities
Tsunami ready. A hazard zone and an evacuation plan must be implemented and certain
criteria for information knowledge management and distribution (e.g. local radio, etc.) must
be ensured.
Communities or counties that are tsunami ready can apply for acknowledgement and after
evaluation gain the label ”TsunamiReady”.
Signs of Tsunami readiness can be placed at the shore to warn for tsunamis and display the
escape routes.
More information under URL:
http://www.tsunamiready.noaa.gov/
Sign of the TsunamiReady Campaign

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V. Warning Signs for Tsunamis
General International Tsunami Warning Sign
Signs combining Tsunami warnings with advice for evacuation:
Signs combining Tsunami warnings with advice for evacuation

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A Special Sign for TsunamiTeachers in the USA
A Sign that incorporates three ways of approaching Tsunami Hazards

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C. Hawaii Paper: Blueprints for Education on Tsunamis
Many lessons can be learned from the Hawaii tsunami blueprint paper (pages from the
Blueprint are indicated):
TSUNAMI Education: Blueprint for Coastal Communities, Alexandra, Cain, Iwasaki, 2009
I. The Hawaii Tsunami 1 April 1946 (pp. 3):
“The people of this thriving, vibrant town of Hilo were caught completely by surprise by a
tsunami generated by a magnitude 7.8 undersea earthquake in the Aleutian Islands on April
1, 1946. Massive tsunami waves, one believed to be 100 feet high completely destroyed
Scotch Cap Lighthouse Station on Unimak Island, Alaska, which was the nearest land to the
epicenter. Traveling at approximately 500 miles per hour, the deep sea waves reached the
island of Hawai‘i just before 7 a.m. A series of waves crashed over the Hilo coastline; the
third wave was the largest, recorded at 26 feet above the normal water line on Coconut
Island. Since this was April Fool’s Day, many thought that the initial warnings and concerns
of residents were jokes.
Police officer Bob “Steamy” Chow was leaving his home in Wainaku when a neighbor told
him that a tsunami had hit Hilo. “Oh yes, April Fool’s,” he responded with a smile. However,
when he drove towards Downtown Hilo, he saw that one third of the railroad trestle
spanning the Wailuku River had washed up-river and been deposited on the rock Maui’s
Canoe. Mr. Chow quickly realized that this was no April Fool’s joke.
He spent the next 18 hours directing traffic and people away from the danger zone and over
the following days had to assist with identifying the victims. The tsunami had claimed 96
lives in Hilo and 25 lives in the coastal town of Laupāhoehoe. Five hundred homes and
businesses were destroyed at a cost of $26 million.“
II. Following Hawaii Tsunamis at Hilo (pp. 4), Tsunami Warning System, Painful Lessons
Learned
“Following the tsunami, the people of Hilo rebuilt their town, recreating many of the densely
populated areas as before.
No one imagined another devastating tsunami would arrive in the near future.
With a functioning Tsunami Warning System (TWS) established soon after the 1946 event,
Hilo experienced two more tsunamis, in 1952 and 1957. On November 5, 1952 Hilo received
a surge 12 feet high, however, there were no casualties or fatalities and damage was
estimated to be less than $800,000. On March 9, 1957 a tsunami generated in the Aleutian
Islands hit north Kaua‘i communities hard. Ha‘ena received waves 32 feet above normal sea
level. Despite large wave heights and damage to property, thanks to the TWS not a single life
was lost in either event. On May 22, 1960 a colossal magnitude 9.5 earthquake rocked the
South American country of Chile and a destructive tsunami was generated. Witnesses at Isla
Chiloé, the largest island of the Chiloé archipelago, saw the water receding, exposing 1,500

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feet of sea floor and then an enormous wave 50 to 65 feet high forming offshore that
washed over the island coastline. The death toll from the earthquake and tsunami would
eventually reach 1,000 and the damage would amount to $417 million.
Scientists predicted that it would take 15 hours for the waves to travel the 6,600 miles to
Hilo and would arrive just before midnight. At 8:30 p.m. sirens sounded in Hilo, but people
didn’t really understand the warning because the siren system had changed just a few
months before and there was confusion as to what the siren meant.
Under the old system, there were three separate soundings: the first siren indicated that a
tsunami warning was in effect; the second meant that it was time to evacuate; and the third
was set to go off just prior to the arrival of the waves. Under the new system, there was only
one siren – and it meant “evacuate immediately.”
Hilo residents reacted to the tsunami warning in different ways. Some remembered vividly
the destruction of the 1946 tsunami and did not want to take any chances. They packed up
and evacuated their homes close to the shoreline. Even though they had lived through the
tsunami, many could not believe that it would happen again. The two tsunamis in 1952 and
1957 had not been destructive, lulling many people into a false sense of security. There were
also quite a few people who had evacuated earlier in the evening, but went back to their
homes in the evacuation zone when nothing seemed to happen.
After midnight, reports from a Honolulu radio station said that the estimated time of arrival
had been set back by 30 minutes. Yet geologists in Hilo had already recorded the arrival of
the first wave, which was a small, but noticeable 4 feet high. The radio report meant that
communication between the warning system and the news media had broken down and this
misinformation increased the danger to the public (Dudley & Lee, 1998).
At 12:46 a.m. the second wave arrived in Hilo 9 feet above normal sea level. Just as in the
1946 tsunami, the third wave was the most destructive. With a deafening roar, the 20-foot
nearly vertical wall of water crashed over Downtown Hilo and Waiākea Town at 1:04 a.m.
After the tsunami waves reached the Hawai‘i Electric Light Company power plant, the entire
city was in darkness.
In Hilo, 61 people died and several hundred people were treated for tsunami related injuries.
The tsunami caused damage to 229 dwellings and 508 businesses and public buildings, the
damage totaled $50 million. For many, the loss of life was even harder to accept and
comprehend because it was so easily avoidable. The tsunami of 1960 highlighted the need
for not only education about the nature of the tsunami hazard but also the need for
education on the procedures put in place to warn and evacuate public safely.“

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10 Important Facts about Tsunamis (p. 72)
“1. Tsunamis have killed more people in the state of Hawai‘i than all other natural disasters
combined.
2. Tsunamis can be generated by earthquakes, landslides and volcanic eruptions.
3. The natural warning signs of a tsunami are an earthquake, water receding (or an exposed
sea floor or reef), water surging inland or quickly rising above normal sea level, a strange
sound out to sea or extremely unusual behavior of animals . If you experience any of these,
move to high ground immediately.
4. A tsunami may come ashore as a series of waves; the first wave may not be the largest.
5. Tsunamis can travel across oceans at 450 miles per hour.
6. A tsunami generated in Chile can arrive here in 13 hours; a tsunami from Alaska can arrive
here in 5 hours. A tsunami generated just off our coast can arrive in minutes.
7. Tsunami sirens are tested on the first working day of each month in Hawai‘i, when you
hear sirens you should always turn on your radio, even if you think it is a test.
8. Locally-generated tsunamis have little or no warning. There most likely will not be time to
sound the sirens. If you feel an earthquake move to high ground.
9. Tsunamis can occur at anytime day or night. There is no tsunami season.
10. When it comes to tsunamis, it is not a case of ‘if’ but ‘when’.
Take care of yourself - take care of others.”

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III. Hawaii Blueprint Tips on Tsunamis
“TIPS: (p. 4)
Talk with friends and family about their perceptions, knowledge or recollections of past
tsunami events.
Speak with public safety organizations (i.e. Civil Defense) about the current tsunami risk in
your community.
Seek out individuals and organizations in your community eager to improve tsunami
resilience.
TIPS: (p. 8)
Research what other communities have done to better prepare for tsunamis and dialogue
with the key people involved.
Research your culture or host culture and use the local wisdom as a “roadmap” for future
tsunami education programs.
TIPS: (p. 19)
Collaboration is the key to achieving successful outcomes that can be sustained.
Customize education to the needs of the community in question.
Identify ways or elements of a program that will encourage interest, engagement and
motivation of your community to learn about and prepare for the next tsunami.
TIPS: (p. 27)
A survey is a good way to gauge community knowledge and levels of preparedness. In doing
a survey, you may meet others that would like to collaborate with you on tsunami education
programs.
Learning through stories is an excellent way to get the community to identify with the
dangers of tsunami hazards and their relevance to the present.
[The fair logo was designed by Connections Public Charter School students, April 2008.]
(p. 37)

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TIPS: (p. 37)
An event or competition is an excellent way to engage a community as a whole.
Collaborate with a school or community organization to host an event.
Do not be afraid to think outside the box!
At an event, always honor the host culture.
[T-Shirts designed by Connections’ students were worn by Partners and volunteers at the
fair]
(p. 37)
TIPS: (p. 45)
It is realistic to expect that any successful tsunami educational program will be achieved
through trial and error.
It is realistic to expect and understand that it takes time and ongoing effort for your
educational program to really have an impact on your community.
IV. Hawaii Blueprints Key Questions
Key Questions (p. 5)
What impacts have past tsunamis had on your community?
How do people in your community perceive the tsunami hazard?

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Key Question (p. 13)
How can existing educational materials or projects be adapted to your community and
implemented effectively with the resources you have at hand?
Key Questions (p. 28)
How prepared is my community for the next tsunami?
How can I engage the community to prepare for the next tsunami event?
How can each individual in this community and this community as a whole be self
sufficient before, during and after a tsunami?
How can each individual in your community be safe and self sufficient before, during and
after a tsunami?”
V. TOPs Own Tips
TOPs Own Tips:
Be prepared.
Make your community aware of the risks of tsunamis.
Make schoolchildren your tsunami agents/explorers/messengers.
In case of emergency take your mobile with you.
Make sure to have independent power recharging sources such as solar panels for your
mobile. Mobile communication will possibly be the only communication after the disaster.
Prepare a disaster preparation kit.
Listen to warning messages and alerts.
Listen to your community leaders and emergency warnings.
Take warnings seriously.

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D. Tsunami Awareness for Children
Tsunami awareness for children is an important point that should be addressed in school and
kinder gardens.
The concept of a tsunami and warning signs (retreating water) should be explained.
Children could also be asked to paint and draw this situation.
I. Teaching Concepts
Many tsunami teaching concepts for children have been developed already and presented
publicly: http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/documents/CompendiumTsunamiEd.pdf
II. Helpful Resources for Tsunami Awareness and Classroom Education and Excursions
a. Suitable Resources for Teachers, Adults and Families
Tsunami Brochure from the NOAA, URL:
http://www.stormready.noaa.gov/tsunamiready/resources/Tsmi_Brochure10.pdf
Website of the National Weather Service on Tsunamis, URL:
The National Weather Service West Coast Warning Center (with up-to-date warning map),
URL: http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/
The International Tsunami Information Center in Honolulu/Hawaii Brochure, URL:
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/itic_brochure_oct041.pdf
The Hawaii Tsunami Hazard Information Centre in Honolulu/Hawaii Brochure, URL:
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/psc/pubs/Tsunami%20Service%20Brochure.pdf
National Weather Services Brochure: Tsunami, the great waves, URL:
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/tsunami.htm
National Weather Service, JetStream, Online School for Weather, Tsunamis, URL:
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/srh/jetstream/tsunami/tsunami_intro.htm
Bureau of Metrology, Australia, Tsunami Awareness Brochure, URL:
http://www.em.gov.au/Documents/Tsunami%20Awareness%20Brochure%20%20-
%20PDF%20spread%20-%20FINAL.PDF
Queensland Government (Australia): Tsunami, URL:
http://www.emergency.qld.gov.au/emq/css/tsunami.asp
The Tsunami Project, URL: http://pages.vassar.edu/tsunamiproject/

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b. Suitable Resources for Classroom Education of Children/Pupils
Worksheets from the Californian Geological Survey: URL:
http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Documents/CA_Tsun_CGS_lesson.pdf,
http://www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/geologic_hazards/Tsunami/Documents/CA_Tsun_CalEMA_lesson.pdf
and in particular the website on “my hazards”
Classroom Exercise in Math on Tsunamis, URL:
http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/bkonter/education/Lab9_Tsunami_Classroom_Exercise.pdf
NOAA Education Resources on Tsunamis, URL:
http://www.education.noaa.gov/Ocean_and_Coasts/Tsunami.html
NOAA, Book chapter on Tsunamis (Authors unknown), URL:
http://www.oesd.noaa.gov/TERK/tsunami_ready_educationcd/emedia_chap4.pdf
Australia’s Department of Education’s Website on Tsunamis (with many helpful links), URL:
http://www.det.wa.edu.au/education/cmis/eval/curriculum/pathfinders/disasters/tsunamis
/
Virginia Institute of Marine Science: Tsunami, Wave of Destruction, URL:
http://www2.vims.edu/bridge/DATA.cfm?Bridge_Location=archive0105.html
Alaska Tsunami Education Program, suitable for different ages/grades: URL:
http://www.aktsunami.org/lessons/k4.html
http://www.aktsunami.org/lessons/58.html
http://www.aktsunami.org/lessons/912.html
Lesson Plan by Rachel Klein: LESSON PLAN: THE SCIENCE OF TSUNAMIS: SEEKING
UNDERSTANDING IN THE WAKE OF TRAGEDY, URL:
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/lessonplans/science/tsunamis.html
The JASON-Project on Tsunami Wave Formation, URL:
http://www.jason.org/digital_library/6345/tsunami-wave-formation
Lesson Plan Tsunamis (Grade 6-8), URL:
http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teachers/free-lesson-plans/tsunami.cfm
Tsunami Strike!, Module form the University Corporation on Atmospheric Research, URL:
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/training_module.php?id=813 (registration mandatory)
International Tsunami Information Center/UNESCO, TsunamiTeacher (International), URL:
http://itic.ioc-unesco.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1441&Itemid=-
1075&lang=en
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA): Teaching Resources on
Tsunamis including a Teacher Handbook, a Student Workbook, a Teacher Powerpoint
Presentation, etc., URL: http://weready.org/tsunami/index.php?option=com_content&-
view=article&id=11&Itemid=23

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c. Tsunami Education Links
Australian Government: URL:
http://beachsafe.org.au/tsunami/
Alaska Tsunami Education Program, URL:
http://www.aktsunami.com/
Disastereducation.org, URL:
http://www.disastereducation.org/library/public_2004/Tsunamis.pdf
Hawaii Tsunami Education, URL:
http://discovertsunamis.org/
NOAA Tsunami Education, URL:
http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/education.html
Nelson, S. A.: Tulane University: Tsunamis, URL:
http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/tsumami/tsunami.html
All links were checked in November 2012.

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E. Emergency Preparedness Kit
“Recommendations For Disaster Preparedness Kit
When preparing a disaster preparedness kit, first plan for the essentials for survival. Think
practical first, and think comfortable second. All essential needs should be able to fit in a 5
gallon bucket. Absolute necessities include food, water, and warmth.
Food
Foodstuffs should be high energy non-perishables and kept in sealed air-tight containers.
Made-ready meals and canned goods are excellent choices for emergency food sources. It is
safe to ration, the body can be maintained on half of your average caloric intake during an
emergency. Provisions should include enough food supplies to last five to seven days for
each family member.
Water
Water stored for drinking purposes should also be a supply sufficient to last three days for
each family member. Electrolyte-enhanced water and vitamins help to replace electrolytes
and the fluids lost, in order to prevent dehydration and seizures. Consider having an equal
amount of water handy on the side for sanitation purposes. Stored food and water should
be cycled out every six months.
Warmth
The body can only subsist in a short range of temperatures. Keep warm in cold temperatures
to prevent illness and hypothermia. Critical areas to keep dry and warm are the head, neck,
chest, feet, and groin. Athletic clothing offers moderate environmental insulation without
giving up the benefits of being easily attainable, affordable, lightweight, portable, and
breathable. Mylar is an excellent lightweight and portable material that offers better
thermal and environmental protection, but is not breathable and recommended for limited
use only.
Other Needs
After considering your most basic needs, consider additional necessities to include in your
emergency preparedness kit. When making additions to your family emergency kit, keep in
mind that it should be easily transportable, accessible, and close to an exit of the building.
Mobile emergency kits should be smaller, more personalized, and should be no bigger than a
backpack or fanny pack. While you can never be too ready or too prepared, you do not want
to over burden yourself when you need to be on the move. Consult with the checklists from
the FEMA Ready.gov and American Red Cross websites provided below to determine your
planning needs.“
URL: http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/dp_kit.html
Further Resources:
- Red Cross Emergency Kit, URL: http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/red_cross_kit_-
checklist.pdf
- Ready.gov Emergency Checklist, URL: http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/ready_-
checklist.pdf

22
F. Tsunami Preparedness
I. Basic Things to Do
o “Listen to local radio stations for official Civil Defense announcements and instructions.
o Evacuate if advised or ordered to do so.
o Listen for the "all clear" announcement before returning to the coastline.
o Leave telephone and communications lines open for emergencies.
o Stay away from the beach and the coastline.
II. Precautions
o Find out if you live, work, or go to school in an tsunami inundation zone.
o Know your elevation above sea level, as evacuation orders maybe based on these
numbers.
o Be familiar with tsunami warning signs (earthquakes and landslides).
o Have a chosen meeting location that is inland and elevated.
o Have an evacuation and disaster kit ready that includes a radio and batteries.“
URL: http://www.pdc.org/iweb/tsunami_preparedness.jsp?subg=1
Useful link:
Pacific Disaster Center, URL: http://www.pdc.org
Educators and Leaders may use the Tsunami Awareness Kit (TAK), see URL:
http://www.pdc.org/iweb/tsunami_kit.jsp?subg=1

23
III. Other Credentials
Small outlines help to sketch the main points:
Edu4hazards.org. How to survive a tsunami, URL: http://www.edu4hazards.org/tsuna-
mi.html.

24
G. Advice for a Local Approach
Set up a local process that is suitable, sustainable and tailored to the needs, demands and
resources of the coastal community in question:
Setting up a local TOP, based on the Hawaii Blueprint paper.
Performing a local approach:
Survey the area
Preassessment
Research what warning system is already in place. Factor that into the TOP resources and
development.
Find out what the citizens already know. How do they communicate? What is the best way
to get information out in the area, i.e. advertising? Radio? Television? Pamphlets?
Identify key community leaders (from all different areas, such as political office holders,
church leaders, other social leaders, etc.). Who are willig to work on the project and who
would know of funding, issues of sustainability, power sources, what already has been done.
Identify the schools and interview the key principal stakeholders in the school, such as the
principal, teachers, parents, etc. Who would be involved with the children?
Identify the mobile and energy sources available, especially emergency resources for after
the tsunami. Make sure to have sustainable energy sources available such as solar power or
wind power.

25
H. Conclusion
Make sure your community, your people and their children are aware of:
- Tsunami escape routes (care for maps either on paper or online),
- Tsunami alert messages over the radio,
- Tsunami alert messages send by twitter,
- Prepare sustainable power sources for your mobile devices,
- The tsunami history of your region should be researched and considered,
- Tsunami alerts issued by reliable sources such as NOAA (US) or JMA (JP).
- Make school children tsunami experts, explorers and messengers;
About the usage of theses Global Tsunami Blueprints:
- Make this information available to your community. Either directly in English, or translate
it when adequate.
- Knowledge on tsunamis and their warning signs are rescuing lives during the next tsunami
events.
- Make the danger of tsunamis a common knowledge to your community – in schools but
also in everyday live.
- Make your community tsunami emergency and escape plans publicly available and known.
- Make emergency trainings with your community and schools.
- Create tsunami emergency and escape routes on traditional maps or in the internet.
- Knowledge on tsunamis and their warning signs are rescuing lives during the next tsunami
events.
- Rely on tsunami warnings from serious agencies such as JMA (Japanese Metrological
Agency).
- Build tsunami shelters where appropriate.
- Make school children tsunami awareness mangers, tsunami explorers and tsunami
messengers.

26
Tsunami References
Books for Adults
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93-150.
Bernard, Eddie N. 1991. Tsunami hazard: A practical guide for tsunami hazard reduction.
Selected papers from the 14th International Tsunami Symposium. Kluwer Academic, Boston.
326 pp.
Bernard, Eddie N. 1984. Proceedings, Tsunami Symposium, Hamburg, General Republic of
Germany. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Seattle. 273 pp.
Center for Oral History, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. 2000. TSUNAMIS REMEMBERED:
Oral Histories of Survivors and Observers in Hawai'i. Social Science Research Institute,
Honolulu. Vol 1, 494 pp.
Center for Oral History, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. 2000. TSUNAMIS REMEMBERED:
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Honolulu. Vol 2, 495-980 pp.
Cox, Doak C. 1987. Tsunami Casualties and Mortality in Hawaii, Joint Institute for Marine
Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 120 pp.
Dall, W. H. 1870. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Pacific Coast Pilot, Part I. p. 202-
204.
De Rycke, Richard J. 1985. Tsunamis in United States Earthquakes,Carl Stover, editor, United
States Geological Survey Bulletin 1655, 141 pp.
Dudley, Walter C. and Min Lee. 1998. Tsunami! [Second Edition]. University of Hawaii Press,
Honolulu. 362 pp.
Dudley, Walter C. and Scott C. Stone. 2000. The Tsunami of 1946 and 1960 and the
Devastation of Hilo Town. Donning Company Publisher, VA. 64 pp.
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tsunamis occurring in the Pacific Ocean. University of Hawaii., Honolulu. 274 pp.

27
Kono, Juliet S. 1995. Tsunami Years. Bamboo Ridge Press, Honolulu. 173 pp.
Lander, James F. 1989. United States Tsunamis. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Boulder. 265 pp.
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Young Children, Juveniles
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28
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30
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31
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National Weather Service on Tsunamis, URL: http://www.tsunamiready.noaa.gov/

32
The National Weather Service West Coast Warning Center (with up-to-date warning map),
URL: http://wcatwc.arh.noaa.gov/
The International Tsunami Information Center in Honolulu/Hawaii Brochure, URL:
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/itic_brochure_oct041.pdf
The Hawaii Tsunami Hazard Information Centre in Honolulu/Hawaii Brochure, URL:
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/psc/pubs/Tsunami%20Service%20Brochure.pdf
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%20PDF%20spread%20-%20FINAL.PDF
Queensland Government (Australia): Tsunami, URL:
http://www.emergency.qld.gov.au/emq/css/tsunami.asp
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tsunami zones in the Northwest. Potential lifesaving application. URL:
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-04/nh-nop040512.php
Multimedia
A&E Television Networks. 1999. Wrath of God: Tsunami- Killer Wave [video]. 50 min.
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min.
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NHK-Japan TV 1993. Sea of Japan tsunami [videorecording]; Hokkaido Nansei-Oki
Earthquake and Tsunami. 102 min.
Weather Channel, Towers Productions. 2001. Atmospheres 45: Weatherquest [video]. 60
min.

33
Internet videos (Youtube.com, etc.)
National Geographic Society, Tsunami 101 URL:
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/-
tsunamis/tsunami-101/
United States Geological Survey, 6 Videos on Tsunamis, URL:
http://education.usgs.gov/videos.html#tsunamis
Kids Education – animated video on youtube about: Tsunamis: Know What To Do!, URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzR0Rt3i4kc
Many more tsunami links on URL: http://www.youtube.com Tsunami
Maps
Curtis, George D. 1991. Hawaii Tsunami Inundation/Evacuation Map Project: Final Report.
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, UH-NOAA.
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics 1963. Tsunami inundation and runup in Hilo, 1946-1960.
Lockridge, Patricia A. Tsunamis in the Pacific Basin, 1900-1983. National Geophysics Data
Center.
General References/Links
http://tsunami.org
http://tsunami.org/references.html
http://www.edu4hazards.org/tsunami.html
http://www.noaawatch.gov/themes/tsunami.php
http://ptwc.weather.gov/
http://www.pdc.org/iweb/pdchome.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
http://google.org/personfinder/global/home.html
http://nthmp.tsunami.gov/documents/CompendiumTsunamiEd.pdf

34
http://www.tsunami.gov
http://www.redcross.org/prepare/disaster/tsunami
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/pages/tsunami_safety.php
http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/dp_kit.html
http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/red_cross_kit_checklist.pdf
http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/ready_checklist.pdf
http://www.pdc.org
http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/
http://hisz.rsoe.hu/alertmap/index2.php
http://www.ioos.gov
http://www.nanoos.org/
http://nvs.nanoos.org/tsunami
http://www.ncdp.mailman.columbia.edu/boston.html
Tsunami Education Links
Australian Government, URL: http://beachsafe.org.au/tsunami/
Alaska Tsunami Education Program, URL: http://www.aktsunami.com/
Disastereducation.org, URL:
http://www.disastereducation.org/library/public_2004/Tsunamis.pdf
Hawaii Tsunami Education, URL: http://discovertsunamis.org/
NOAA Tsunami Education, URL: http://www.tsunami.noaa.gov/education.html
Nelson, S. A.: Tulane University: Tsunamis, URL:
http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/tsumami/tsunami.html

35
Free Emergency Preparedness Mobile Apps
FEMA app, URL: http://www.fema.gov/smartphone-app
iMPrepared, URL: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/imprepared/id396912356?mt=8
Red Cross Shelters, URL: http://www.redcross.org/mobile-apps/shelter-finder-app
NOAA Now, URL: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/noaa-now/id425914352?mt=8
ubAlert, URL: http://www.ubalert.com/
Flashlight, URL: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flashlight./id285281827?mt=8
Tsunami Evacuation NW,
URL: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nanoos.tsunami&hl=en (Android) or
URL: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/tsunamievac-nw/id478984841?mt=8 (iPhone)
All links were checked in April 2013.

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