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3. *

4. *

5. 1. Kill the Carbon Market Scam, to charge the
cost of Carbon Pollution now, to the
polluters. This alone will ENABLE THE
MARKET, YOU, to re-direct funds away from
Coal, Oil, to Renewable Energy – Wind, Sun.
2. Pull Global and National Defense out of the
dark ages, to face TODAYS Security Threat –
FAILING STATES, due to I. Poverty, II.
Population, III. Resource Rape and IV. Global
Warming.
*

6. 1. Two children per couple. 11. TV, radio as tools.
2. Universal basic 12. Dry compost toilets.
education. 13. Oral rehydration.
3. Teacher training. 14. Reduce cigarette smoking.
4. Scholarships. 15. Protect non-smokers.
5. Focus on girls. 16. Condoms.
6. Adult literacy. 17. AIDS medications.
7. School lunch program 18. Reduce developed world
farm subsidies.
8. Global WIC –
Women, Infants, Children 19. Reduce developing world
debt.
.
9. Stabilize population at 8
billion by 2041.
10. Universally available
*
family planning.

7. * Bangladesh, analysts concluded that $62 spent
by the government to prevent an unwanted
birth saved $615 in expenditures on other
social services, a 900%, 10 fold return.
* Reproductive health and family planning
services leaves more fiscal resources per child
for education and health care, thus
accelerating the escape from poverty.
* $7.9 billion gap
*

8. * Village-level clinic, would yield enormous economic
benefits for developing countries and for the world
as a whole.
* Providing basic universal health care in developing
countries will require donor grants totaling $27
billion in 2007, scaled up to $38 billion in 2015, or
an average of $33 billion per year. In
addition to
* basic services, this $33 billion includes funding for
the global fund to
* fight AIDS,
* tuberculosis and
* malaria and for
* universal childhood vaccinations.
*

9. * Dealing with the HIV threat requires roughly
13.1 billion condoms a year in the developing
world and eastern Europe.
* Including those needed for contraception adds
another 4.4 billion.
* But of the 17.5 billion condoms needed, only
1.8 billion are being distributed, leaving a
shortfall of 15.7 billion.
* At only 3.5c each, or $550 million, the cost of
saved lives by supplying condoms is minuscule.
* If we assume that
logistics, training, education, etc. Costs are six
times the price of the condoms
themselves, filling this gap would still cost
only $3 billion.
*

10. * Severely limited compared with the need.
* 4.6 million people who exhibited symptoms of
AIDS in sub- Saharan Africa in 2006, just over 1
million were receiving the anti-retroviral drug
treatment that is widely available in industrial
countries – just 25%; a 75% shortfall (death-
fall).
* The prospect of treatment encourages people
to get tested for HIV – and raises awareness
and understanding of the disease and how it is
transmitted.
*

11. * Accelerate the shift to smaller families.
* Filling several funding gaps
* Reach universal primary education;
* Fight infectious diseases, such as
AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria;
* Provide reproductive health care;
* Contain the HIV epidemic
* The initiatives discussed in this chapter are
estimated to cost another $77 billion a year.
*

12. * Heaviest investments in this effort center on
education and health:
* Cornerstones of both human capital development
and
* Population stabilization.
* Education:
* Universal primary education and a
* Global campaign to eradicate adult illiteracy.
* Health care includes
* The basic interventions to control infectious
diseases,
* Beginning with childhood vaccinations.
*

13. 1. Breed crops that are more 10. Fish polyculture.
tolerant of drought and
cold. 11. Roughage for fodder.
2. Multicrop land. 12. Fortified salt.
3. Additional fertilization in 13. Move poor up the food-
Africa.
chain.
4. Secure land ownership.
Raise water, nutrient 14. Eradicate Poverty.
productivity: 15. STABILIZE CLIMATE.
5. Raise irrigation efficiency. 16. Lower-footprint
6. Raise price on water. transportation.
6. Move over-privileged down 17. Lower-footprint housing.
food-chain.
7. Limit to yield of aquifers 18. TERMINATE FOOD INTO
and rivers. FUEL.
8. Produce protein more
efficiently.
9. Grain, then
chicken, Herbivorous fish.
*

14. 1. Protect, restore forests. 11. Reduce herd size.
2. Reduce wood use. 12. Bring forage to herd.
3. Recycle paper. 13. Global clear-cut ban.
4. Efficient 3rd world 14. Regenerate fisheries.
stoves, energy – 15. Reduce fertilizer, sewage
wood, sun, wind. runoff.
5. Sustainable forestry. 16. End fishery subsidies.
6. Reconstituted wood. 17. Protect diversity.
7. Equatorial tree 18. Water management, for
plantations. fish.
8. Reforest waste, eroded 19. Parks, reserves.
land. 20. Plant trees to sequester
carbon - billions.
9. Conserve, rebuild soils.
21. END DEFORESTATION.
10. Conservation tillage.
*

15. 1. Reforest the earth,
2. Protect top- soil,
3. Restore rangelands and fisheries,
4. Stabilize water tables, and
5. Protect biological diversity.
* Note - forested area is already expanding in
the northern hemisphere's industrial countries.
*

16. * Seedlings cost $40 per thousand, 4 cents each.
* $80 per hectare, at 2000 seedlings per hectare.
* Planting labor largely voluntary - $400 per
hectare including seedlings.
* With a total of 150 million hectares to be
planted over the next decade, this will come
to roughly 15 million hectares per year at $400
each for an annual expenditure of $6 billion.
*

17. *Two principal steps:
*1st - Retire the highly erodible land that
cannot sustain cultivation.
* The estimated one tenth of the world's
cropland that accounts for perhaps half of all
excess erosion.
*For the United States, that has meant
retiring 14 million hectares.
* $125 per hectare.
* In total, annual payments to farmers to plant
this land in grass or trees under 10- year
contracts approached $2 billion.
*Reducing erosion to the rate of
new soil formation or below.

18. * Land that is subject to excessive erosion— that
is, erosion that exceeds the natural rate of
new soil formation.
* Incentives to encourage farmers to adopt
conservation practices such as:
a. Contour farming,
b. Strip cropping, and, increasingly,
c. Minimum-till or no-till farming
* In the United States total roughly $1 billion per
year.
* The total for the world to retire vulnerable
land would be roughly $16 billion annually.
*

19. * UN estimates that it would cost roughly $183
billion over a 20-year restoration period—or $9
billion per year.
a. Improved rangeland management,
b. Financial incentives to eliminate
overstocking, and
c. Revegetation with appropriate rest
periods, when grazing would be banned.
* Every dollar invested in rangeland
restoration yields a return of $2.50 in
income from the increased productivity of
the rangeland ecosystem.
*

20. * Establishment of a worldwide network of
marine reserves, which would cover roughly
30 percent of the ocean's surface.
* Estimated range of expenditures centers on
$13 billion per year.
*

21. * Shortfall in funding needed to manage and to
protect existing areas designated as parks
comes to roughly $25 billion a year.
* Additional areas needed, including those
encompassing the biologically diverse hotspots
not yet included in designated parks, would
cost perhaps another $6 billion a year,
* Yielding a total of $31 billion.
*

22. * Disseminating the results:
* Work through agricultural extension services.
* Work through the water users associations.
* Requires knowledge of the amount of water being
pumped and aquifer recharge rates.
* In most countries this information is simply not
available.
* May mean installing meters on irrigation well
pumps,
* As has been done in Jordan and Mexico.
* Removing subsidies will effectively raise the price
of water, thus encouraging its more efficient use.
* It will take additional expenditures of $10 billion.
*

23. * Restoring the earth will require additional
expenditures of $113 billion per year.
* Many will ask, can the world afford this? But
the only appropriate question is,
* Can the world afford to not make these
investments?
*

24. 1. Redesign urban 6. Urban farming.
Transport. 7. Upgrade, integrate
2. Charge cars to enter squatter
city. settlements.
3. Bike friendliness. 8. Stop need for
4. Massively reduced squatter
water use. settlements.
5. Composting toilets. 9. Eliminate parking
subsidies.
*

25. *

26. Plan B Energy Efficiency Measures
From Plan
October 2009

27. *

28. * This will require a near doubling of capacity every two
years, up from the doubling every three years for the last
decade.
* It will mean .0001 gigawatt for every 2,500 of the world's
projected 2020 population of 7.5 billion people.
* Denmark—with .0001 gigawatt for every 1,700 people—
is already well beyond this goal.
* Spain will likely exceed this per capita goal before
2010 and
* Germany shortly thereafter.
* Plan B involves a crash program to
develop 3,000 gigawatts of wind
generating capacity by 2020; “
3000 ‘COAL PLANTS’ WORTH.

29. * 65 million cars the world produces each year.
* At $3 million per installed turbine, this would
involve investing $4.5 trillion over the next dozen
years, or $375 billion per year.
* World oil and gas capital expenditures that are
projected to reach $1 trillion per year
by 2016.
* Wind turbines can be mass-produced on assembly
lines.
* The idled capacity in the U.S. automobile industry
is sufficient – and the skilled, idled workers.
*
2 million

30. World Electricity Generation by Source in
2008 and in the Plan B Economy of 2020

31. Plan B Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Reduction Goals for 2020

32. * Development of 5,153 gigawatts of new
renewable generating capacity by 2020, vs. 5,153 coal
plants.
* Over half of it from wind.
* More than enough to replace all the coal and oil and 70
percent of the natural gas now used to generate
electricity.
* The addition of 1,530 gigawatts of thermal
capacity by 2020 will reduce the use of both oil and
gas for heating buildings and water. Roughly two thirds
of this growth will come from rooftop solar water and
space heaters
*

33. *

34. *Task A: Terminate Market Blindness to
Ecological, Environmental Services, Value
and Destruction, Pollution.
*Task B: Create National Security Machine
focused forward to 21st Century Threats –
FAILING STATES.
*

35. * Incorporating the increased health care costs
associated with mining it and breathing polluted air,
* The costs of damage from acid rain, and
* The costs of climate disruption,
* The costs of REMEDIATING THE DAMAGE THAT TODAY
WE COULD PREVENT …
…Would encourage investment in clean renewable
sources of energy such as wind or solar.
*

36. * Paid by the primary producers—the oil or coal
companies.
* New prices can be used by all economic
decision-makers to make more intelligent
decisions.
*To restructure the
energy economy - carbon
tax (like on cigarettes).

37. *Worldwide carbon tax of
$240 per ton to be
phased in at the rate of
$20 per year between
2008 and 2020.

38. * Indirect costs to society:
* Climate change,
* Oil industry tax breaks,
* Oil supply protection (war machine),
* Oil industry subsidies, and
* Treatment of auto exhaust-related respiratory illnesses.
* REMEDIATING THE DAMAGE THAT OTHERWISE OUR
CHILDREN WILL PAY FOR.
*$12 per gallon.
* These are real costs. Someone bears them. If not
our children, and their
us,
children….
*

39. * Gasoline taxes in Italy, France, Germany, and the
United Kingdom averaging $4.40 per gallon are
almost halfway there.
* The average U.S. gas tax of 47 cents per
gallon, scarcely one tenth that in Europe, helps
explain why more gasoline is used in the United
States than in the next 20 countries combined.
* Phasing in a gasoline tax of 40 cents per gallon per
year for the next 12 years, for a total rise of
$4.80 a gallon, and offsetting it with a reduction in
income taxes would raise the U.S. gas tax to the $4-
5 per gallon prevailing today in Europe and
Japan, about $1,800 per ton, as in Europe, roughly
10 times today’s tax.
*

40. * Values of services that trees provide, such as
flood control and carbon sequestration.
*Stumpage tax.
* Market for lumber would then be based on
ecologically honest prices.
* Would reduce tree cutting and encourage wood
reuse and paper recycling.
*

41. * Shifting these subsidies to the development of
climate-clean energy sources such as
wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power will
help stabilize the earth's climate.
* Shifting subsidies from road construction to rail
construction could increase mobility in many
situations.
* Shifting the $22 billion in annual fishing industry
subsidies, which encourage destructive
overfishing, to the creation of marine parks to
regenerate fisheries would be a giant step in
restoring oceanic fisheries.
*Rational, Responsible
Subsidy-shifting to
Creation, not Destruction.

42. * Need to cut net carbon dioxide emissions 80
percent by 2020.
*1. Electricity and heat:
* Replacing fossil fuels with renewable sources -
3.1 billion tons by 2020.
* Phasing out the use of coal reducing the 3 million
deaths from air pollution each year.
*Summing Up Climate
Stabilization
Technology Measures.

43. * Greatly reduced use of oil will eliminate
close to 1.2 billion tons of carbon emissions.
a. Plug-in hybrid cars that will run on carbon-free
sources of electricity such as wind.
b. Remainder comes largely from shifting long-
haul freight from trucks to trains,
c. Electrifying freight and passenger trains,
* Using green electricity to power them.
*2, 3. Transport sector.

44. * Net deforestation of the earth is responsible
for an estimated 1.5 billion tons of carbon
emissions per year.
* A number of countries already have total or
partial bans.
*4. Bring deforestation
to a halt, and reforest
by 2020.

45. * Forestation of wastelands will fix more than
.95 billion tons of carbon each year.
* Similarly ambitious planting of trees to control
flooding, reduce rainfall runoff to recharge
aquifers, and protect soils from erosion.
*

46. * Fix an estimated .6
billion tons of
carbon per year.
a. Minimum- or no-till cropland.
b. Planting more cover crops during the off-
season.
c. Using more perennials instead of annuals in
cropping patterns, e.g., using less corn and
more switchgrass to produce fuel ethanol.
*5. Sequester Carbon
thru Land
Management.

47. * Summer 2006 Japanese men encouraged to not
wear jackets and ties.
* I just lost 3,500 pounds. Ask me how." When
asked, he said he had sold his car. Replacing a
3,500- pound car with a 22-pound bicycle
obviously reduces energy use dramatically, but
it also reduces materials use by 99
percent, indirectly saving still more energy.
*

48. * Energy differences between a diet rich in red
meat and a plant-based diet is roughly the
same as the energy- use difference between
driving a Chevrolet Suburban sports utility
vehicle and a Toyota Prius gas-electric hybrid.
* Those of us with diets rich in livestock products
can do both ourselves and civilization a favor
by moving down the food chain.
*

49. Plan B Energy Efficiency Measures
From Plan
October 2009

50. World Electricity Generation by Source in
2008 and in the Plan B Economy of 2020

51. Plan B Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Reduction Goals for 2020

52. * We can drop carbon dioxide emissions in 2020 more than 80
percent below today's levels
1. Replacing fossil fuels in electricity generation.
2. Switching to plug-in hybrid cars.
3. Going to all-electric railways.
4. Banning deforestation.
5. Sequestering carbon by planting trees and improving soil
management.
6. Conservation.
7. Dietary Changes.
*

53. *

54. * Fashion a coherent policy toward each weak
and failing state.
* Threats to security are now coming less from
military power and more from the trends
that undermine states:
1. Rapid population growth,
2. Poverty,
3. Deteriorating environmental support
systems, and
4. Spreading water shortages.
*What is needed now is a
new cabinet-level
agency—a Department
of Global Security.

55. * Funded by shifting fiscal resources from the
Department of Defense. In effect, the DGS budget
would be the new defense budget.
* Focus on the central sources of state failure.
1. Helping to stabilize population,
2. Restore environmental support systems,
3. Eradicate poverty,
4. Provide universal primary school education, and
5. Strengthen the rule of law through bolstering
police forces and court systems.
*

56. * One year of compulsory public service for its
young people.
* Teach in inner-city schools.
* Environmental clean-up programs.
* Plant trees.
* Restore and maintain the infrastructure in
national parks.

57. * Teaching and helping to organize family
planning,
* Tree planting, and
* Micro-lending programs, while
* Developing a sense of civic pride and social
responsibility.
*

58. * Highly skilled in such fields as
management, accounting, law, education and
medicine.
* Eager to be of use.
* Talents could be mobilized through a voluntary
senior service corps.
* Provide the skills so lacking in failing-state
governments.
* Conditions now require a much more
ambitious, systematic effort to tap this talent pool.
*