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            The future we do not want

      Open, inclusive and accountable
    governance: Playing Jekyll & Hyde
                   with the Zero Draft




         a multi-stakeholder
                 magazine on
              climate change
             and sustainable
                 development




     outreach.            RIO+20
                26 March 2012




www.outreachlive.org
contents.
          1           The future we do not want.                                                                                                                                                                                    The future we do not want.
                      Excerpts from the summary report of the
          2           Major Groups Expert Meeting, Saturday 24th March
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Derek Osborn
          3           Earth Summit Watch                                                                                                                                                                                            President, Stakeholder Forum
          4           Concrete institutional proposals to improve political decision-making                                                                                                  6                      The text that has emerged                               We know that this transformation requires determined
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            political leadership at local, regional, national and
                      Committing to the future we want: a High Commissioner for Future                                                                                                                          from the first week of Rio+20
          5           Generations at Rio+20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            international level. We know that implementation requires
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    negotiations has become a                               strategies, action plans, full use of green economy
                      What kind of institutional structure might best help advance                                                                                                                                                                                          instruments, redirection of financial and investment flows,
          6                                                                                                                                                                                                          monstrosity. The already                               indicators, targets and milestones to monitor progress.
                      sustainable development?                                                                                                                                                                      inadequate Zero Draft has
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            We know too that the transformation needs the full
          7           Reforming UNEP: the need is clear                                                                                                                                                      emerged festooned with bracketed                               engagement, participation and commitment of major
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    amendments, whose general                               groups, civil society partners and the public at all levels.
                      Implementing Sustainable Development in an Integrated Manner:
          8                                                                                                                                                                                                  tendency is profoundly negative.                               We need champions of sustainable development and future
                      From the Local to Global Level                                                                                                                                         8                                                                              generations, and partnership structures active at all levels.

                      Public participation in MEAs compliance: A proposal to improve the
         10           Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Everyone knows what needs to be done. The poorest
                                                                                                                                                                                                            families, communities and countries in the world need
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            We know that we need strong and effective international
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            institutions that are capable of monitoring overall
                                                                                                                                                                                                            help to rise out of their poverty and gain decent lives and     progress, marshalling support where it is most needed
         11           Interview. José Luis Balmaceda                                                                                                                                                        livelihoods. And the whole world needs to transform its         to assist the transformation, and chiding and restraining
                                                                                                                                                                                                            patterns of production and consumption to stop pressing         those countries and other bodies whose unsustainable
                      Open, inclusive and accountable governance:
         12           Playing Jekyll & Hyde with the Zero Draft
                                                                                                                                                                                                            so dangerously against the natural planetary limits,            activities are most damaging to the planet as a whole, and
                                                                                                                                                                                                            overwhelming the carrying capacity of the planet and            especially, the most vulnerable.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            damaging the environments of the most vulnerable.
         13           Rio+20 Side Event Calendar                                                                                                                                                                                                                            But does this vision and determination emerge from the

         14
                      News from the Negotiations – Synthesis of Plenary Sessions                                                                                                     12                     Most can see the value of interpreting this objective into
                                                                                                                                                                                                            concrete and specific sustainable development goals for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            debates and amended text? It does not. We hear and see
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            timidity, caution, suspicion, protection of vested interests,
                      Friday, 23rd March                                                                                                                                                                    all countries, with timetables that will both specify and       and even attempts to undermine and go backward on
                                                                                                                                                                                                            operationalise the various constituent elements of the          rights, actions and issues already agreed.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            improvements needed for the poorest communities, while
                                                                                                                     pic: Mikey Wally                                                                       at the same time bearing down on the most damaging              During meetings over the weekend, Major Groups have
                                                                                                                                                                                                            elements of excessive global consumption and production,        been shocked as they have taken stock of the failure of
                                                                                                                                                                                                            diverting them to safer alternatives.                           the negotiations so far to rise to the level of the challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            which the world faces, or even to the level of ambition
 OUTREACH IS PUBLISHED BY:                     Outreach is a multi-stakeholder publication on    OUTREACH EDITORIAL TEAM                                                                                    We know that the full resources of modern science and
                                               climate change and sustainable development.                                                                                                                                                                                  with which the negotiations began. The Major Groups are
                                                                                                 Editorial Advisors                     Felix Dodds                    Stakeholder Forum                    technology need to be directed towards helping to bring         urgently bracing themselves to restate what should be the
                                               It is the longest continually produced
                                               stakeholder magazine in the sustainable                                                  Farooq Ullah                   Stakeholder Forum                    about this transformation and that we need to improve           true goals of the Rio process and to mark out very clearly
                                               development arena, published at various                                                                                                                      the way in which they interface with decision-making. We        the red lines of lowest denominator, beneath which it
                                                                                                 Editor                                 Georgie Macdonald              Stakeholder Forum                    know that the vast energies and capacities of the corporate
                                               international meetings on the environment;                                                                                                                                                                                   would be truly shameful for the negotiations to fall.
                                               including the UNCSD meetings (since 1997),        Co-editor                              Amy Cutter                     Stakeholder Forum                    sector need to be redirected towards more sustainable
                                               UNEP Governing Council, UNFCCC Conference
                                               of the Parties (COP) and World Water Week.
                                               Published as a daily edition, in both print
                                                                                                 Editorial Assistant
                                                                                                 Print Designer
                                                                                                                                        Leonardo Rocha
                                                                                                                                        Jessica Wolf
                                                                                                                                                                       ANPED
                                                                                                                                                                       Jessica Wolf Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                            production and that consumption patterns need to be
                                                                                                                                                                                                            refocused in more sustainable and less wasteful directions.     in danger. We must rally to the barricades.  .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Citizens, the global Sustainable Development Revolution is


                                               and web form, Outreach provides a vehicle
                                               for critical analysis on key thematic topics in   Web Designer                           Thomas Harrisson               Stakeholder Forum
                                               the sustainability arena, as well as a voice                                                                            Stakeholder Forum
                                               of regional and local governments, women,
                                                                                                 Web Designer                           Matthew Reading-Smith
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Launch of the second edition of the Pocket Guide to
About Stakeholder Forum                        indigenous peoples, trade unions, industry,
                                               youth and NGOs. To fully ensure a multi-
                                                                                                 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
                                                                                                 Rob Wheeler               UN Representative             Simon Olsen             IGES
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Sustainable Development Governance
Stakeholder Forum is an international          stakeholder perspective, we aim to engage
organisation working to advance sustainable    a wide range of stakeholders for article                                    Foundation for Democracy      Matthew Reading-                            The second edition of the Pocket Guide to Sustainable            governance, the guide will help stakeholders navigate their
                                                                                                 Halina Ward               and Sustainable               Smith                   Stakeholder Forum   Development Governance has been launched jointly by the          way through the proposals contained in the Rio+20 zero
development and promote democracy at a         contributions and project funding.
                                                                                                                           Development                                                               Stakeholder Forum and the Commonwealth Secretariat.              draft as well as the sustainable development governance
global level. Our work aims to enhance open,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 .
                                               If you are interested in contributing                                                                     Jan-Gustav
accountable and participatory international                                                                                                              Strandeneas             Stakeholder Forum   Including new and updated information on some of the key         debate more generally. For more information please contact
                                                                                                 Ana Barreira              IIDMA
decision-making on sustainable development     to Outreach, please contact the team                                                                                                                  proposals relating to IFSD and sustainable development           Kirsty Schneeberger on: kirstys@stakeholderforum.org
                                               (gmacdonald@stakeholderforum.org or               Lalanath de Silva         The Access Initiative         Christine von
through enhancing the involvement                                                                                                                        Weizsaecker             WECF and Ecoropa
of stakeholders in intergovernmental           acutter@stakeholderforum.org)                     Derek Osborn              Stakeholder Forum




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             1
processes. For more information, visit:        You can also follow us on Twitter:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               RIO+20
                                                                                                                                                         Sebastien Duyck and Alice Vincent
www.stakeholderforum.org                       @OutreachLive
Excerpts from the summary report of the                                                                                                                                                 Heads of State
    Major Groups Expert Meeting, Saturday 24th March                                                                                                                                           are Going to Rio+20.
    On Saturday 24th March, all Major Groups met to reflect
    on the negotiations and identify shared inter-major group
                                                                         •	
                                                                         	
                                                                              SDGs should: address structure; define targets
                                                                              and indicators; offer implementation guidance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Who is Going and Why?
    themes for advocacy, by civil society as one.                        	    and action plans, with monitoring at national
                                                                         	    and international levels; as well as define clear
                                                                         	    roles for civil society.
    This very well attended meeting was made possible                                                                                                              New Initiative to Track Rio+20 Preparations Country by Country
    with the generous support of the EU Environment DG's               Planetary Boundaries and Science-Policy Interface


                                                                                                                                                                   T
    Thematic Programme for the Environment and Sustainable
    Management of Natural Resources, including Energy (ENRTP)            •	   A paradigm shift is needed to establish a science-                                         he good news is that the United Nations has just announced that 115 heads of state
    grant entitled: "Supporting global civil society preparation and
                                                                         	    policy interface that ensures policy-making is                     Brazil
                                                                         	    based on sound science and creates knowledge-                                              have already committed to attend the Rio+20 Earth Summit– roughly the same number
    engagement for the UNCSD conference in 2012".
                                                                         	    sharing mechanisms.                                                                        that attended the first Earth Summit twenty years ago. The not-so-good news is that
    The six cross-cutting issues the Major Groups agreed                 •	   Capacity building is needed to backup the                                            the UN has not revealed any of the specific names, nor is there much information readily
    to discuss included: Rights, Principles and Outcomes;                	    application of new technologies, and to make                                         available on what various governments are actually doing to
                                                                         	    science accountable for people, with participation
    Agriculture and Food; Sustainable Development Goals;                                                                                         Chile              prepare for Rio+20.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A sample initiative
                                                                         	    and ownership by civil society.
    Planetary Boundaries and Science-Policy Interface; Means
    of Implementation, Finance and Trade; and Energy.                  Means of Implementation, Finance and Trade                                                  To address this information gap, an evolving civil society
                                                                         •	   The latest amendments to the Zero Draft related                                      partnership is launching Earth Summit Watch. This will
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Mongolia
    Rights, Principles and Outcomes                                      	    to trade subsidiarity, make means of implementation                                  be a web-based platform to track the status of Rio+20
                                                                         	    subject to WTO commitment and obligation.                                                                                                                is partnering with        +
      •	   There is an overarching need all the Rio                                                                                               China             preparations in every country. We have already begun to
      	    Principles, and a rights-based approach, to be                	    This regression and reversion must be avoided.                                                                                                          South Korea,
                                                                                                                                                                    gather information from governments on a handful of key
      	    articulated in the Preamble – in clear language               •	   Implementation language has to include: a                                                                                                               Japan,                     +
                                                                                                                                                                    questions (“Will your head of state attend?” or “What new
      	    – to ensure the cross-cutting application of                  	    demand to reduce harmful subsidies; intellectual                                                                                                        and China
      	    human rights and sustainable development.                     	    property rights balance with community rights                                         or scaled-up initiatives is your country preparing for the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      on a multilateral
      •	   Specific language – on equity, a social                       	    and common goods; and definition of clear                                              summit?”).                                                                                  +
                                                                         	    parameters for accountability.                                                                                                                          regional initiative to
      	    protection floor and inclusion of specific                                                                                           Colombia                                                                              study desertification.
      	    sectors and vulnerable groups such as workers,
                                                                       Energy                                                                                        If the Summit is truly going to put the world on a path
      	    women, youth, farmers, indigenous peoples,
      	    etc. – is essential.                                          •	   There was support for the transition from fossil                                       toward a more sustainable future, world leaders are going
                                                                         	    fuels to renewable and clean energies. Developed                                        to have to do more than just show up in Rio de Janeiro
    Agriculture and Food                                                 	    countries were encouraged to support developing                                         on June 20th. Their governments need to be working with
                                                                         	    countries’ transition to renewable energy, while
      •	 Much stronger language on transitioning from
                                                                         	    establishing accounting principles to price externalities.
                                                                                                                                                Germany                stakeholders and reaching out to the public so that presidents and prime ministers come
      	 unsustainable agriculture, to more sustainable
      	 agriculture and food systems, is needed.                         •	 Developing countries were also encouraged to
                                                                                                                                                                       to Rio+20 willing and able to take action.
      •	   The balance between global, local and domestic                	 actively promote modern and affordable cook-
                                                                         	 stoves that would benefit mostly women and girls.                                          It appears that in many countries, governments still need to do much more to get ready
      	    access to food markets needs to be protected, as
      	    well as urban-rural linkages and connecting food              •	 There is a need to evaluate the potential
                                                                                                                                                                      for Rio+20. The public by and large is not aware or engaged in the process either. We see
      	    and sustainable cities.                                       	 environmental, health, social and economic                             India                Earth Summit Watch as a vehicle for supporting the efforts of civil society groups in
      •	 References to science, extension and information                	 impacts of existing and new technologies.                                                   various countries to engage with their own governments and ensure that their societies
      	 need to be tied to respect for – and inclusion of –                                                                                                            are well-represented and ready to make a real contribution in Rio. To encourage
      	 indigenous, local and traditional knowledge.
                                                                                                                                                                        advocacy from civil society, the website will showcase the preparations and initiatives
      •	   Also recognised was the success of having                   Conclusion and Next Steps
                                                                       Major Groups will continue to dialogue with Member
                                                                                                                                                                        made by exemplary countries and will highlight the shortcomings of those countries that
      	    included livestock into the sustainable                                                                                                Mali
      	    development discourse, and agreed that the                  States about these priorities. Identifying ‘red lines’ or                                        have not yet begun preparations for the Summit. The Watch also complements a number
      	    many benefits of improved animal husbandry                  bottom line positions – the ‘floor’ below which positions                                        of existing online petitions to encourage as many top leaders as possible to attend.
      	    need to be better incorporated, in light of the             must not fall – for civil society is necessary going forward,
      	    huge impact livestock have economically, socially                                                                                                            Please let us know if your civil society group is interested in joining the Stakeholder
      	    and environmentally.                                        Formal and high level engagement in the intergovernmental                                        Forum, Road to Rio+20, and the Natural Resources Defense Council as a partner in
    Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)                               process by civil society is core to the coherence of policy              Portugal                further shaping and undertaking Earth Summit Watch. We are also seeking “Cooperating
                                                                       and to the implementation of any future UN mechanism
      •	   SDGs should not be the only outcome from                    for sustainable development following Rio. The Civil
                                                                                                                                                                        NGOs”, organizations which want to gather and contribute information on what their
      	    Rio+20, but they are important means for                    Society Mechanism at FAO can serve as a template for                                              own country is doing to prepare for Rio. Please visit our website to obtain a copy of our
      	    implementing sustainable development goals                                                                                                                    survey, review the information we have already received, and submit updates. There is
                                                                       enhanced participation.
      	    at national levels. Principles and criteria for
      	    SDGs should include equity, respect for cultural                                                                                                              not much time left to generate the political will in nations around the world to ensure
                                                                       The main common priorities also include the need for a              Sao Tome and Principe
      	    diversity, universality, stakeholder participation,                                                                                                            that the Rio+20 Earth Summit will be a success. We must ACT NOW to ensure that what
      	    and accountability by and for all.                          parallel Outcome Document – the ‘future that could be’
                                                                       or ‘another future is possible’ – which could incorporate
                                                                                                                                                                          we accomplish at Rio is truly transformative and historic, building a more sustainable
                                                                       priorities into the People’s Sustainability initiatives with                                        future for generations to come.

                                                                                                                  .
                                                                       focus on civil society views. New global initiatives with




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     3
                                                                       commitments at all levels are needed.



2
                                                                                                                                               Sierra Leone
     RIO+20                                                                                                                                                                                                                      nrdc.org.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         RIO+20
                                                                                                                                             ...and 95 others                                  To learn more, contact mdavidson@
Committing to the future we want:
    Concrete institutional proposals to improve                                                                                                          a High Commissioner for Future Generations
    Sebastien Duyck and Alice Vincent political decision-making                                                                                          Halina Ward
                                                                                                                                                         Foundation for Democracy and Sustainable Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                              at Rio+20
    If there is one thing that we could learn from the recurring                                                                                         Paragraph 57 of the Zero Draft refers to the creation            A High Commissioner for Future Generations should be
    economic, social and environmental crises, it is that we                                                                                             of an Ombudsperson or High Commissioner for Future               enabled, at any time, to receive representations related to
    must start reacting to these challenges according to the                                                                                             Generations. But it is too weak. Currently the draft would       his or her mission from individuals, states or groups. At
    level of impact. We must address root causes, rather than                                                                                            commit States only ‘to further consider’ the establishment       the inter-state level, the High Commissioner’s powers and
    provide short-term and superficial solutions. Reports that                                                                                           of a High Commissioner for Future Generations ‘to                responsibilities should be sufficiently broad from the start to
    highlight the impact of environmental crises on vulnerable                                                                                           promote sustainable development’.                                encompass provision of advice, good offices and mediation,
    populations, and the importance of guaranteeing a social                                                                                                                                                              in the event that requests for such services are received.
    foundation, confirm this urgency. We can no longer justify                                                                                           The Outcome Document should commit UN Member States
    the damaging consequences of our decisions on the basis                                                                                              to a clearly timebound process, leading to the creation          The work of the High Commissioner for Future
    of the unsuitability or outdatedness of our institutions.                                                                                            of a UN High Commissioner for Future Generations by              Generations should be linked to the work of any umbrella
    Fortunately, Rio+20 offers a timely opportunity to                                                                                                   means of a General Assembly Resolution. That General             body for sustainable development. But the Office of the
    address these challenges and to make governance work                                                                                                 Assembly Resolution could incorporate a Statute of the           High Commissioner would most appropriately be housed
    for the long-term benefit of our planet and populations.                                                                                             Office of the High Commissioner for Future Generations.          independently of other institutions or agencies, with day
    In the Rio+20 preparatory processes, proposals on the                                                                                                                                                                 to day operational accountability to the UN Secretary
    international framework of sustainable development                                                                                                   In 2012 and beyond, it is apparent that multiple pressures       General and annual reporting to the General Assembly.
    (IFSD) have stimulated debate and shed light on several                                                                                              increase the temptation for ‘short-termism’ at government,
    practical institutional solutions that would facilitate more                                                                    pic: Andy Matthews   individual, and organisational levels. The result is a           An early priority for the new High Commissioner for
    informed decision-making, by considering the interests of                                                                                            systematic failure to respect the needs of future generations.   Future Generations should be to lead the development
    all those impacted by these choices.                           To further guide decision-makers, a proposal is now on the                                                                                             of a coordinated UN-wide strategy for protection of the
                                                                   table to establish a High Commissioner or Ombudsperson                                The mission of the High Commissioner for Future                  interests and needs of future generations. Once adopted
    The disconnect between political choices and their             for Future Generations. This institution would safeguard                              Generations should be inspired by the original Brundtland        following discussion in the General Assembly, the High
    environmental consequences, highlights the need for a          environmental and social conditions for the benefit of                                definition of sustainable development: “to promote and           Commissioner would become the official charged with
    new institutional mechanism, with the objective to promote     current and future generations by securing their institutional                        protect the interests of future generations in the context       leading the UN future generations strategy. In practice,
    knowledge-based decision making at the international           representation in all areas of policy-making.                                         of the imperative to meet the needs of the present               the strategy and overall role of the High Commissioner
    level. An Intergovernmental Panel on Sustainable                                                                                                     without compromising the ability of future generations           will need to evolve over time.
    Development could function as an umbrella organisation         Finally, the realisation of the right of all stakeholders to                          to meet their own needs”.
    with a sustainable development research agenda for the         actively take part in decision-making would increase the                                                                                               A High Commissioner for Future Generations would
    21st century: reviewing relevant sources and forms of          number of perspectives considered, and thus make the                                  The creation of a High Commissioner for Future Generations       need a range of powers and responsibilities spanning
    knowledge (including not only natural sciences, but also       decisions reached more inclusive and representative. The                              would provide a clear institutional underpinning to the          international agenda-setting and leadership (including
    social sciences and traditional knowledge). The Panel          implementation of Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration                            inherent long-termism of sustainable development; one            dialogue and advocacy on matters falling within the
    should be mandated to provide an assessment of social          could be strengthened at Rio by the adoption of two parallel                          capable of delivering lasting outcomes, not simply political     scope of the mission; and offering advice, on request, on
    and ecological boundaries, and the scientific evidence         and concrete approaches. Firstly, any institution created in                          rhetoric. It would also build on, and complement, existing       implementation of relevant existing intergovernmental
    gathered should contribute to knowledge-based policy           Rio should function on the basis of best practices in terms                           references to future generations in a wide range of regional     commitments); monitoring, early warning and multi-
    making and policy monitoring.                                  of inclusive governance, by including representatives of                              and global treaties, and other international instruments.        stakeholder review; capacity-building for innovation
                                                                   civil society in their bureau. Secondly, governments could                                                                                             at national and subnational levels; and fostering
    Once decision making is grounded in a solid knowledge          agree to develop an international agreement to guarantee                              Across the UN, the Office of the High Commissioner               understanding and analysis related to the mission.
    base, the time span considered as relevant to weight           access to information, effective public participation in                              for Future Generations would build a body of advice,
    costs and benefits of each decisions should be extended.       environmental matters, and access to justice; and to set                              analysis and practice to underpin a systematic approach          The creation of a High Commissioner for Future
    The 1992 Earth Summit highlighted a useful principle           the stage for negotiations towards the adoption of regional                           to regard for future generations in UN policy-making and         Generations would be an act of faith in our collective
    in this respect: the precautionary principle. Twenty           instruments. The current lack of references to these                                  implementation. ‘Could there be a better way?’ will be a         ability as people, and to the collective ability of our
    years later, the time has come for the full and effective      approaches in the Zero Draft is striking.                                             question heard frequently, and insistently, across the High      governments, to overcome one of the most pernicious
    implementation of this principle, through the development                                                                                            Commissioner’s programme of work.                                features of unsustainable development: the short-termism
    of a new instrument to hold economic actors accountable
    for the risks arising from their activities. Such instrument
    could also guarantee that industrial production, and
                                                                   Some believe that Rio will simply be a talking shop,
                                                                   which will fail to provide meaningful solutions. Let us
                                                                   prove those people wrong and work with decision-makers
                                                                                                                                                         Multi-stakeholder review across themes, geographies and
                                                                                                                                                         generations should be among the High Commissioner’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          unfairness to future generations.     .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          that undermines equity in the present and guarantees


    commercialisation of new substances and technologies,                                                                                                key monitoring and assessment tools. Review at the               MORE INFO
                                                                   to create firm resolutions to put us back on the right
    are authorised only when no reasonable doubt exists                                                                                                  national level should naturally be grounded in the consent       To access the full discussion paper, ‘Committing to
                                                                   track. Increasing consumption and GDP at the price of
    regarding their potential harm to our environment and the                                                                                            of the state(s) concerned. But there should also be a            the future we want: a High Commissioner for Future
                                                                   environmental destruction and social demise is not just
    natural capital left to future generations.                                                                                                          presumption of public transparency in the implementation         Generations at Rio+20’, by Halina Ward visit: www.fdsd.
                                                                   unsustainable but also an inadequate quick-fix to our
                                                                   inherently flawed relationship with our planet. We hope                               of the High Commissioner’s mission.                              org/2012/03/committing-to-the-future-we-want
                                                                   that Rio+20 can begin to redefine this relationship, so
                                                                   that future generations have the opportunity to make a

                                                                                                      .
                                                                   healthy and fulfilling life for themselves, just as present
                                                                   generations have come to expect.



4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           5
     RIO+20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   RIO+20
What kind of institutional structure might best help
    Simon Hoiberg Olsen
                        advance sustainable development?                                                                                                               As for the way forward, the Rio+20 Outcome Document                In the end, it is too early to decide which is the better
                                                                                                                                                                       could contain a paragraph requesting a limited and pointed         option; a new separate SDC or a reformed ECOSOC. All
    Policy Researcher at Governance and Capacity Group Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)                                                            mandate change of ECOSOC. The paragraph could specify              we can advocate for at this point are the functions and
                                                                                                                                                                       that the amendment only concerns ECOSOC’s name and                 tools that are necessary to bring sustainable development
                                                                                                                                                                       mandate, and could identify the necessary functions and            governance to the forefront of the intergovernmental
           Sustainable development advocates
                                                                                                                                                                       tools of a reformed ECOSOC. A mandate change might                 arena. These tools and functions should be part of the
           have long argued that the current
     institutional framework for sustainable
                                                                                                                                                                       be necessary to allocate such tools and functions to the
                                                                                                                                                                       current ECOSOC, and this could require opening the
                                                                                                                                                                       UN charter. If a charter amendment is not in the cards,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          implementation of sustainable development.    .
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Outcome Document as necessary elements for better


            development (IFSD) needs reform.
                                                                                                                                pic: MiFleur, waiting for the spring   amending ECOSOC’s mandate (and even perhaps its
      Neither the Commission for Sustainable                                                                                                                           name) could be based on a General Assembly resolution
           Development, nor the Economic and                                                                                                                           and be decided by a two-thirds majority.
                                                                      agreements (MEAs) and lack of coherence between them.
     Social Council (ECOSOC), have been able                          ECOSOC also lacks the appropriate leadership to enhance
                                                                      the visibility of sustainability concerns. For example,

                                                                                                                                                                       Reforming UNEP: the need is clear
       to successfully integrate sustainable
                                                                      even though the Annual Ministerial Review and the
        development decision making into the                          Development Cooperation Forum (both of ECOSOC) have
           UN system. The Rio+20 Summit is a                          undertaken reviews of the millennium development goals
                                                                      (MDGs), they lack tools for integrating all dimensions of                                        Matthew Reading-Smith                           Jan-Gustav Strandeneas
       unique opportunity for governments to                          sustainable development.                                                                         Assistant Project Officer, Stakeholder Forum    Senior Policy Advisor, Stakeholder Forum
      establish an institution equipped with
        the mandate, functions, and tools to                          Some people argue that a reformed IFSD would need at
                                                                      least four functions to make headway towards sustainable                                         Forty years after its founding date, despite unpredictable         The UN Secretary General’s high-level Global Sustainability
        bring sustainability concerns to the                          development:                                                                                     and insufficient funding, UNEP has been able to maintain           Panel’s report ‘Resilient People, Resilient Planet: The
               forefront of decision making.                                                                                                                           its function as the watchdog of the global environment.            Future We Want’, reiterates the need to upgrade UNEP      .
                                                                      1.	 Political leadership and agenda setting – to be                                              However, without universal membership or an increase               The Panel suggests that the agency act as an umbrella
                                                                        enabled by establishing a High Level political forum,                                          in budget, its capacity has been spread thin and it still          organisation ‘to enhance coherence between multilateral
    One option that has been proposed, and which has
                                                                        or Assembly, to follow and advance the sustainable                                             struggles to be recognised as the paramount organisation           environmental agreements and better integrate its work
    received significant attention, is the establishment of
                                                                        development agenda;                                                                            working for the global environment.                                with the activities of development institutions, especially
    a Sustainable Development Council (SDC), which would
    raise the profile of sustainable development, from being                                                                                                                                                                              the UNDP The panel believes the agency’s collaboration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   .’
                                                                      2.	 Ensuring implementation – to be bolstered by a periodic
    under the mandate of ECOSOC, to reporting directly to                                                                                                              As a result, the reformation of UNEP’s structure and               with UNDP could be especially important in the future.
                                                                        review mechanism for increased implementation and
    the General Assembly.                                                                                                                                              strengthening of its authority, have become reoccurring
                                                                        cooperation;
                                                                                                                                                                       themes throughout the Rio+20 process and it is now                 However, the process of upgrading UNEP is by no means
    Some governments are concerned that creating a                    3.	 Enhancing science-policy interface and progress                                              thought a potential outcome of Rio+20 could be the                 easy, nor is it unanimous. Most notably, the United States,
    separate SDC is suboptimal, as there is little political            tracking – to be achieved by institutionalising a                                              upgrading of UNEP to a specialized agency.                         China, India, and Russia, do not endorse the proposal.
    will to create additional new institutions, and doing so            sustainable development assessment; and                                                                                                                           Their positions are:
    would require funds that are scarcely available within the                                                                                                         It is widely acknowledged that UNEP needs to redefine                •	   United States: willing to strengthen UNEP but
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ,
    intergovernmental arena. Those that hold concern about            4.	 Strengthening inter-agency coordination – to be                                              its identity and increase its capacity in order to fulfill its       	    thinks that an upgrade to Specialised Agency
    the creation of a seventh principal organ of the UN have            strengthened by an interface to follow-up and provide                                          mandate. There appears to be general agreement on the                	    will weaken its mandate, and as such a move
    instead proposed the reform of ECOSOC, allowing it to               advice to the Secretary General on coordination.                                               following challenges regarding the functionality of UNEP:            	    needs ratification process by each country, the US
    hold a High Level body on sustainable development.                                                                                                                                                                                      	    fears that such a ratification process will not make
                                                                                                                                                                         •	 Funding;                                                        	    it through Congress. Instead it advocates universal
                                                                      One could ponder whether a reformed ECOSOC could                                                                                                                      	    membership, restructuring UNEP governance and
    The argument for elevating the voice of sustainable                                                                                                                  •	 Membership;
                                                                      be renamed an SDC or ESEC (Environmental, Social                                                                                                                      	    improved scientific decision making.
    development to Council level within ECOSOC is based on
                                                                      and Economic Council), to give a more balanced                                                     •	 Collaboration between UN agencies and UN programmes;
    integration and participation. ECOSOC could become                                                                                                                                                                                      •	 China: Advocates increased financial and technical
                                                                      reflection of the three dimensions of sustainability. The                                          •	 Authority to oversee and implement multilateral
    the home of an integrative body, since both economic                                                                                                                                                                                    	 support, but does not provide suggestions on how
                                                                      proposed high level Sustainable Development Assembly                                               	 environmental agreements (MEAs); and                             	 this can be achieved.
    and social sustainable development dimensions are
                                                                      should consist of members from economic, social and
    already embedded there. A new SDC placed under the                                                                                                                   •	 Scientific basis for decision-making;                           •	   India: Disagrees with elevating the status of UNEP
                                                                      environmental ministries from the highest level of national
    General Assembly also has the potential to represent all                                                                                                                                                                                	    to a WEO or specialised agency. Believes UNEP
                                                                      administrations; as well as stakeholders from civil society                                      There is a general level of support from the intergovernmental
    three dimensions of sustainable development; however                                                                                                                                                                                    	    can be strengthened through capacity building,
                                                                      and the private sector. Some elements of ECOSOC,                                                 community and civil society to upgrade UNEP At least 110
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         .                  	    better scientific based decision-making and
    that would render ECOSOC largely superfluous, without                                                                                                              countries endorse such a proposal and a possible name
                                                                      such as the Commission on Sustainable Development                                                                                                                     	    increased regional presence.
    actually closing it down.                                                                                                                                          for the specialised agency could be the UN Environment
                                                                      and the Commission on Social Development, could be
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            •	   Russia: Does not advocate a UNEP transformation,
                                                                      abolished, as these functions would be embedded in                                               Organisation (UNEO). A more radical proposal has been
    If ECOSOC were to host a high level sustainable                                                                                                                                                                                         	    instead it makes a suggestion for the
                                                                      the proposed functions of a reformed ECOSOC. This                                                to establish a more independent organisation named the
    development body, it would require some changes to its                                                                                                                                                                                  	    intergovernmental community to discuss how to
                                                                      Sustainable Development Assembly could be the main                                               World Environment Organisation (WEO), but this proposal              	    increase UNEP’s efficiency.
    current setup. ECOSOC has never been able to initiate                                                                                                              now seems to have been morphed into the UNEO. UNEO as
                                                                      entity for coordination and policy definition on sustainable
    an institutional process for merging the dimensions of                                                                                                             a specialised agency would hopefully have a mandate giving         The most visible proponents of a UNEO come from the
                                                                      development. In terms of membership, universality is
    sustainable development, despite being first envisioned                                                                                                            it functions and authority similar to other international          European Union and the African League of Nations. These
                                                                      important for the legitimacy and representativeness of a
    in the Rio Summit 1992. The environmental pillar, for                                                                                                                                                                                 two bodies have long argued that a specialised agency

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            .
                                                                      new council or the underpinning ECOSOC. However, then                                            organisations, such as the World Health Organisation and
    instance, is heavily fragmented, due the existence of a                                                                                                            International Labour Organisation.                                 would accord UNEP with the necessary political authority
                                                                      it might be necessary to establish be an executive board
    wide range of autonomous multilateral environmental                                                                                                                                                                                   to enable it to contribute to The Future We Want.
                                                                      with a more limited representation to ensure efficient




6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       7
     RIO+20                                                           decision making.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            RIO+20
Implementing Sustainable Development in an Integrated Manner:
    Rob Wheeler
    UN Representative
                                          From the Local to Global Level
         It is clear that humanity is                             inconsistent application. While important institutions                                                                                              Council should be tasked with carrying out a review
                                                                  have been established to promote or monitor the                                                                                                     process to ensure that all countries and communities are
       far from living sustainably on                             integrated pursuit of sustainable development, many have                                                                                            on track, and receive the support they need to carry out
         planet earth. We do very few                             not received adequate support, some have languished,                                                                                                and achieve their sustainability plans.
                                                                  and most have not been able to synergize well with
        things in a fully sustainable                             complementary processes or institutions. While financial                                                                                            Finally, I want to mention an important part of this local to
        manner; and thus need to make                             and other commitments of international support have                                                                                                 global planning process that has been rather neglected –
                                                                  been made, they have neither achieved greater coherence                                                                                             the development of such efforts in small rural communities
            changes across the board.                             nor always been fully realized in practice. While the                                                                                               and impoverished urban neighborhoods. Perhaps this is
      Fortunately there are plenty of                             participation of Major Groups has become the norm, there                                                                                            not too surprising, given that such communities have far
                                                                  is limited success in scaling up or replicating promising                                                                                           fewer resources and institutionalised planning processes
         examples, best practices and
                                                                  multistakeholder initiatives.’                                                                                                                      than do larger towns and municipalities. However, it is
      success stories, in pretty much                                                                                            pic: Cortes de Cima                                                                  incredibly important that we include a focus on such
        all sectors, that demonstrate                             In order to respond to these findings, a global program or                                                                                          communities in the Rio process and Outcome Document,
                                                                  partnership is needed to bring together leading organisers,                          In the 1990s the United States was well ahead of the           and in the Local and National Action Plans and 10 Year
                how we can adopt more                             processes, governments, agencies, and stakeholder                                    curve under the Clinton/Gore Administration. With eight        Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption
               sustainable practices.                             groups, to determine how to best finance, support, and                               Sustainability Task Forces drafting recommendations and        and Production, given that 70% of those facing extreme
                                                                  implement these processes in a much more effective,                                  reports; multi-sectoral committees, together with an inter-    poverty live in rural areas; and most of the rest in
    It has been recognised, by most of those participating in     coherent, integrated, inclusive and participatory manner.                            agency task force, driving collaboration and integration;      impoverished urban communities.
    the Rio+20 process, that we must proceed in an integrated,                                                                                         and a President's Council on Sustainable Development
    coherent and much more effective or ambitious manner.         Similarly, the Report found that, ‘As of 2009, 106                                   that included Cabinet Officials, key business leaders, and     Many examples show how such integrated, multi-sectoral
    It is thus imperative that we adopt an integrated, multi-     countries (out of 192) have reported that they are currently                         the heads of key civil society organisations, we were well     community based planning processes can be successful.
    sectoral approach to sustainable development that focuses     implementing a national sustainable development                                      on our way to developing and implementing a National           The Millennium Villages (www.millenniumvillages.org),
    on protecting and restoring the natural environment and       strategy (NSDS), but these are rarely viewed as the                                  Strategy for Sustainability. (www. clinton5.nara.gov/PCSD)     Green Productivity - Integrated Community Development
    providing basic human rights and needs for all.               principal vehicles for policy coordination. In practice, a                                                                                          program – implemented in Vietnam through the Asian
                                                                  number of coordinating and planning mechanisms have                                  Unfortunately, these efforts were dropped before the           Productivity Organisation (www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/45icd.
    There are three aspects to this that are essential. First,    been used in developing countries, often in parallel, and                            Bush Administration was even elected, and they've never        htm), and the Global Ecovillage Network (www.ecovillage.
    integration needs to be both vertical and horizontal. The     with similar or overlapping tasks, including conventional                            been picked up since. Fortunately, a number of State           org) have worked in thousands of villages and local
    development and implementation of local and national          development planning, PRSP UNDAF DWCF NCS, NEAP
                                                                                                ,       ,       ,            ,                         and local efforts have continued, but they have not been       communities to demonstrate how an integrated, multi-
    sustainability strategies, along with the action plans on     and others. The resulting proliferation undermines their                             well-integrated with Obama Administration efforts to           sectoral approach, owned and managed by the local
    sustainable consumption and production (SCP), still need      very purpose by weakening and fragmenting the efforts                                advance sustainable development.                               community, can provide dramatic improvements in
    to be integrated and supported at all levels of government    to introduce coherence.’                                                                                                                            sustainability, resilience, and the ability to meet basic
    from the local to global. In other words, a global                                                                                                 In the US we have thus missed out on a tremendous              human needs and live cooperatively with nature.
    program is needed to support countries in developing          Finally, the SG's Report suggested that, ‘There is a lack of                         opportunity; but this has been matched by the world
    and implementing their national strategies; and global        a proper framework for vertical integration between local                            community as well. Many may remember the UNDP                  The NGO Cluster on Sustainable Rural Development is
    and national processes also need to be developed to           and national processes. Even the prominent Local Agenda                              Capacity 21 program, which led to many of the                  asking that the following be added after the section on
    support sub-national government and local communities         21 processes were hardly reflected in national processes.’                           initiatives that resulted in the development of National       Cities in Article 102 in the Zero Draft: ‘Support is needed
    in developing and implementing their local and regional                                                                                            Sustainability Councils and Strategies in the developing       to develop an integrated, multi-sectoral community based
    strategies and plans as a part of, and to inform, national    Again, only about half of countries have fulfilled the                               world. But for some reason, still unknown to most, the         approach to sustainable rural development. We call on the
    processes and implementation efforts.                         Johannesburg commitment to develop and begin to                                      effort to develop a Capacity 2015 program following the        UN to establish a global network of grassroots support
                                                                  implement a National Sustainability Strategy by 2005;                                Johannesburg Summit, which was intended to pick up             organizations, resource and service centers, and training
                                                                  and only a very small percentage of the millions of cities,                                                                                         programs to develop local capacity and assist villages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           .
    We also need to include horizontal integration to link, and                                                                                        where Capacity 21 left off – namely with implementation
    bring together, all of the various planning, development,     towns and villages around the planet have developed                                  – was unfortunately never instituted.                          and rural communities in eradicating poverty and meeting
    and implementation efforts – across all sectors of            local strategies or action plans.                                                                                                                   basic human needs.’
    society – thus increasing the level of coherence and the                                                                                           It is therefore essential that a global program, or at the
    rate of progress, as improvements in one area support         It is therefore essential that better support is developed                           very least, a UN Partnership Initiative, is established to     MORE INFO
    and assist with others.                                       at the international level, to assist with the development                           support, and assist in, the development of local to national   Rob Wheeler is a UN Representative for the Global
                                                                  and implementation of local to national strategy                                     sustainability planning processes linked with effective,       Ecovillage Network, US Citizens Network for Sustainable
    The Secretary-General's GAP Report states that, ‘While        processes. These Strategies, and also the SCP Action                                 integrated and coherent implementation plans. Local and        Development, and Commons Action for the UN
    integrated planning or policies and national sustainable      Plans, must then be based on the Rio Principles, focus                               National Councils need to be established in all countries
    development strategies have become acceptable,                on achieving Agenda 21, JPOI, the MEAs and all other                                 and communities to drive the process and encourage
    their impact remains limited because of ad hoc and            international sustainability agreements, and strive to                               responsible action. These Councils and strategies should
                                                                  support humanity in making a rapid transition to a fully                             include and be based on achieving the SDGs, Targets,
                                                                  sustainable economy and world.                                                       and Indicators. And the new UN Sustainable Development




8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     9
     RIO+20                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             RIO+20
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Outreach Magazine: Rio+20 March meetings - Day 6

  • 1. inside: The future we do not want Open, inclusive and accountable governance: Playing Jekyll & Hyde with the Zero Draft a multi-stakeholder magazine on climate change and sustainable development outreach. RIO+20 26 March 2012 www.outreachlive.org
  • 2. contents. 1 The future we do not want. The future we do not want. Excerpts from the summary report of the 2 Major Groups Expert Meeting, Saturday 24th March Derek Osborn 3 Earth Summit Watch President, Stakeholder Forum 4 Concrete institutional proposals to improve political decision-making 6 The text that has emerged We know that this transformation requires determined political leadership at local, regional, national and Committing to the future we want: a High Commissioner for Future from the first week of Rio+20 5 Generations at Rio+20 international level. We know that implementation requires negotiations has become a strategies, action plans, full use of green economy What kind of institutional structure might best help advance instruments, redirection of financial and investment flows, 6 monstrosity. The already indicators, targets and milestones to monitor progress. sustainable development? inadequate Zero Draft has We know too that the transformation needs the full 7 Reforming UNEP: the need is clear emerged festooned with bracketed engagement, participation and commitment of major amendments, whose general groups, civil society partners and the public at all levels. Implementing Sustainable Development in an Integrated Manner: 8 tendency is profoundly negative. We need champions of sustainable development and future From the Local to Global Level 8 generations, and partnership structures active at all levels. Public participation in MEAs compliance: A proposal to improve the 10 Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development Everyone knows what needs to be done. The poorest families, communities and countries in the world need We know that we need strong and effective international institutions that are capable of monitoring overall help to rise out of their poverty and gain decent lives and progress, marshalling support where it is most needed 11 Interview. José Luis Balmaceda livelihoods. And the whole world needs to transform its to assist the transformation, and chiding and restraining patterns of production and consumption to stop pressing those countries and other bodies whose unsustainable Open, inclusive and accountable governance: 12 Playing Jekyll & Hyde with the Zero Draft so dangerously against the natural planetary limits, activities are most damaging to the planet as a whole, and overwhelming the carrying capacity of the planet and especially, the most vulnerable. damaging the environments of the most vulnerable. 13 Rio+20 Side Event Calendar But does this vision and determination emerge from the 14 News from the Negotiations – Synthesis of Plenary Sessions 12 Most can see the value of interpreting this objective into concrete and specific sustainable development goals for debates and amended text? It does not. We hear and see timidity, caution, suspicion, protection of vested interests, Friday, 23rd March all countries, with timetables that will both specify and and even attempts to undermine and go backward on operationalise the various constituent elements of the rights, actions and issues already agreed. improvements needed for the poorest communities, while pic: Mikey Wally at the same time bearing down on the most damaging During meetings over the weekend, Major Groups have elements of excessive global consumption and production, been shocked as they have taken stock of the failure of diverting them to safer alternatives. the negotiations so far to rise to the level of the challenges which the world faces, or even to the level of ambition OUTREACH IS PUBLISHED BY: Outreach is a multi-stakeholder publication on OUTREACH EDITORIAL TEAM We know that the full resources of modern science and climate change and sustainable development. with which the negotiations began. The Major Groups are Editorial Advisors Felix Dodds Stakeholder Forum technology need to be directed towards helping to bring urgently bracing themselves to restate what should be the It is the longest continually produced stakeholder magazine in the sustainable Farooq Ullah Stakeholder Forum about this transformation and that we need to improve true goals of the Rio process and to mark out very clearly development arena, published at various the way in which they interface with decision-making. We the red lines of lowest denominator, beneath which it Editor Georgie Macdonald Stakeholder Forum know that the vast energies and capacities of the corporate international meetings on the environment; would be truly shameful for the negotiations to fall. including the UNCSD meetings (since 1997), Co-editor Amy Cutter Stakeholder Forum sector need to be redirected towards more sustainable UNEP Governing Council, UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP) and World Water Week. Published as a daily edition, in both print Editorial Assistant Print Designer Leonardo Rocha Jessica Wolf ANPED Jessica Wolf Design production and that consumption patterns need to be refocused in more sustainable and less wasteful directions. in danger. We must rally to the barricades. . Citizens, the global Sustainable Development Revolution is and web form, Outreach provides a vehicle for critical analysis on key thematic topics in Web Designer Thomas Harrisson Stakeholder Forum the sustainability arena, as well as a voice Stakeholder Forum of regional and local governments, women, Web Designer Matthew Reading-Smith Launch of the second edition of the Pocket Guide to About Stakeholder Forum indigenous peoples, trade unions, industry, youth and NGOs. To fully ensure a multi- CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Rob Wheeler UN Representative Simon Olsen IGES Sustainable Development Governance Stakeholder Forum is an international stakeholder perspective, we aim to engage organisation working to advance sustainable a wide range of stakeholders for article Foundation for Democracy Matthew Reading- The second edition of the Pocket Guide to Sustainable governance, the guide will help stakeholders navigate their Halina Ward and Sustainable Smith Stakeholder Forum Development Governance has been launched jointly by the way through the proposals contained in the Rio+20 zero development and promote democracy at a contributions and project funding. Development Stakeholder Forum and the Commonwealth Secretariat. draft as well as the sustainable development governance global level. Our work aims to enhance open, . If you are interested in contributing Jan-Gustav accountable and participatory international Strandeneas Stakeholder Forum Including new and updated information on some of the key debate more generally. For more information please contact Ana Barreira IIDMA decision-making on sustainable development to Outreach, please contact the team proposals relating to IFSD and sustainable development Kirsty Schneeberger on: kirstys@stakeholderforum.org (gmacdonald@stakeholderforum.org or Lalanath de Silva The Access Initiative Christine von through enhancing the involvement Weizsaecker WECF and Ecoropa of stakeholders in intergovernmental acutter@stakeholderforum.org) Derek Osborn Stakeholder Forum 1 processes. For more information, visit: You can also follow us on Twitter: RIO+20 Sebastien Duyck and Alice Vincent www.stakeholderforum.org @OutreachLive
  • 3. Excerpts from the summary report of the Heads of State Major Groups Expert Meeting, Saturday 24th March are Going to Rio+20. On Saturday 24th March, all Major Groups met to reflect on the negotiations and identify shared inter-major group • SDGs should: address structure; define targets and indicators; offer implementation guidance Who is Going and Why? themes for advocacy, by civil society as one. and action plans, with monitoring at national and international levels; as well as define clear roles for civil society. This very well attended meeting was made possible New Initiative to Track Rio+20 Preparations Country by Country with the generous support of the EU Environment DG's Planetary Boundaries and Science-Policy Interface T Thematic Programme for the Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources, including Energy (ENRTP) • A paradigm shift is needed to establish a science- he good news is that the United Nations has just announced that 115 heads of state grant entitled: "Supporting global civil society preparation and policy interface that ensures policy-making is Brazil based on sound science and creates knowledge- have already committed to attend the Rio+20 Earth Summit– roughly the same number engagement for the UNCSD conference in 2012". sharing mechanisms. that attended the first Earth Summit twenty years ago. The not-so-good news is that The six cross-cutting issues the Major Groups agreed • Capacity building is needed to backup the the UN has not revealed any of the specific names, nor is there much information readily to discuss included: Rights, Principles and Outcomes; application of new technologies, and to make available on what various governments are actually doing to science accountable for people, with participation Agriculture and Food; Sustainable Development Goals; Chile prepare for Rio+20. A sample initiative and ownership by civil society. Planetary Boundaries and Science-Policy Interface; Means of Implementation, Finance and Trade; and Energy. Means of Implementation, Finance and Trade To address this information gap, an evolving civil society • The latest amendments to the Zero Draft related partnership is launching Earth Summit Watch. This will Mongolia Rights, Principles and Outcomes to trade subsidiarity, make means of implementation be a web-based platform to track the status of Rio+20 subject to WTO commitment and obligation. is partnering with + • There is an overarching need all the Rio China preparations in every country. We have already begun to Principles, and a rights-based approach, to be This regression and reversion must be avoided. South Korea, gather information from governments on a handful of key articulated in the Preamble – in clear language • Implementation language has to include: a Japan, + questions (“Will your head of state attend?” or “What new – to ensure the cross-cutting application of demand to reduce harmful subsidies; intellectual and China human rights and sustainable development. property rights balance with community rights or scaled-up initiatives is your country preparing for the on a multilateral • Specific language – on equity, a social and common goods; and definition of clear summit?”). + parameters for accountability. regional initiative to protection floor and inclusion of specific Colombia study desertification. sectors and vulnerable groups such as workers, Energy If the Summit is truly going to put the world on a path women, youth, farmers, indigenous peoples, etc. – is essential. • There was support for the transition from fossil toward a more sustainable future, world leaders are going fuels to renewable and clean energies. Developed to have to do more than just show up in Rio de Janeiro Agriculture and Food countries were encouraged to support developing on June 20th. Their governments need to be working with countries’ transition to renewable energy, while • Much stronger language on transitioning from establishing accounting principles to price externalities. Germany stakeholders and reaching out to the public so that presidents and prime ministers come unsustainable agriculture, to more sustainable agriculture and food systems, is needed. • Developing countries were also encouraged to to Rio+20 willing and able to take action. • The balance between global, local and domestic actively promote modern and affordable cook- stoves that would benefit mostly women and girls. It appears that in many countries, governments still need to do much more to get ready access to food markets needs to be protected, as well as urban-rural linkages and connecting food • There is a need to evaluate the potential for Rio+20. The public by and large is not aware or engaged in the process either. We see and sustainable cities. environmental, health, social and economic India Earth Summit Watch as a vehicle for supporting the efforts of civil society groups in • References to science, extension and information impacts of existing and new technologies. various countries to engage with their own governments and ensure that their societies need to be tied to respect for – and inclusion of – are well-represented and ready to make a real contribution in Rio. To encourage indigenous, local and traditional knowledge. advocacy from civil society, the website will showcase the preparations and initiatives • Also recognised was the success of having Conclusion and Next Steps Major Groups will continue to dialogue with Member made by exemplary countries and will highlight the shortcomings of those countries that included livestock into the sustainable Mali development discourse, and agreed that the States about these priorities. Identifying ‘red lines’ or have not yet begun preparations for the Summit. The Watch also complements a number many benefits of improved animal husbandry bottom line positions – the ‘floor’ below which positions of existing online petitions to encourage as many top leaders as possible to attend. need to be better incorporated, in light of the must not fall – for civil society is necessary going forward, huge impact livestock have economically, socially Please let us know if your civil society group is interested in joining the Stakeholder and environmentally. Formal and high level engagement in the intergovernmental Forum, Road to Rio+20, and the Natural Resources Defense Council as a partner in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) process by civil society is core to the coherence of policy Portugal further shaping and undertaking Earth Summit Watch. We are also seeking “Cooperating and to the implementation of any future UN mechanism • SDGs should not be the only outcome from for sustainable development following Rio. The Civil NGOs”, organizations which want to gather and contribute information on what their Rio+20, but they are important means for Society Mechanism at FAO can serve as a template for own country is doing to prepare for Rio. Please visit our website to obtain a copy of our implementing sustainable development goals survey, review the information we have already received, and submit updates. There is enhanced participation. at national levels. Principles and criteria for SDGs should include equity, respect for cultural not much time left to generate the political will in nations around the world to ensure The main common priorities also include the need for a Sao Tome and Principe diversity, universality, stakeholder participation, that the Rio+20 Earth Summit will be a success. We must ACT NOW to ensure that what and accountability by and for all. parallel Outcome Document – the ‘future that could be’ or ‘another future is possible’ – which could incorporate we accomplish at Rio is truly transformative and historic, building a more sustainable priorities into the People’s Sustainability initiatives with future for generations to come. . focus on civil society views. New global initiatives with 3 commitments at all levels are needed. 2 Sierra Leone RIO+20 nrdc.org. RIO+20 ...and 95 others To learn more, contact mdavidson@
  • 4. Committing to the future we want: Concrete institutional proposals to improve a High Commissioner for Future Generations Sebastien Duyck and Alice Vincent political decision-making Halina Ward Foundation for Democracy and Sustainable Development at Rio+20 If there is one thing that we could learn from the recurring Paragraph 57 of the Zero Draft refers to the creation A High Commissioner for Future Generations should be economic, social and environmental crises, it is that we of an Ombudsperson or High Commissioner for Future enabled, at any time, to receive representations related to must start reacting to these challenges according to the Generations. But it is too weak. Currently the draft would his or her mission from individuals, states or groups. At level of impact. We must address root causes, rather than commit States only ‘to further consider’ the establishment the inter-state level, the High Commissioner’s powers and provide short-term and superficial solutions. Reports that of a High Commissioner for Future Generations ‘to responsibilities should be sufficiently broad from the start to highlight the impact of environmental crises on vulnerable promote sustainable development’. encompass provision of advice, good offices and mediation, populations, and the importance of guaranteeing a social in the event that requests for such services are received. foundation, confirm this urgency. We can no longer justify The Outcome Document should commit UN Member States the damaging consequences of our decisions on the basis to a clearly timebound process, leading to the creation The work of the High Commissioner for Future of the unsuitability or outdatedness of our institutions. of a UN High Commissioner for Future Generations by Generations should be linked to the work of any umbrella Fortunately, Rio+20 offers a timely opportunity to means of a General Assembly Resolution. That General body for sustainable development. But the Office of the address these challenges and to make governance work Assembly Resolution could incorporate a Statute of the High Commissioner would most appropriately be housed for the long-term benefit of our planet and populations. Office of the High Commissioner for Future Generations. independently of other institutions or agencies, with day In the Rio+20 preparatory processes, proposals on the to day operational accountability to the UN Secretary international framework of sustainable development In 2012 and beyond, it is apparent that multiple pressures General and annual reporting to the General Assembly. (IFSD) have stimulated debate and shed light on several increase the temptation for ‘short-termism’ at government, practical institutional solutions that would facilitate more pic: Andy Matthews individual, and organisational levels. The result is a An early priority for the new High Commissioner for informed decision-making, by considering the interests of systematic failure to respect the needs of future generations. Future Generations should be to lead the development all those impacted by these choices. To further guide decision-makers, a proposal is now on the of a coordinated UN-wide strategy for protection of the table to establish a High Commissioner or Ombudsperson The mission of the High Commissioner for Future interests and needs of future generations. Once adopted The disconnect between political choices and their for Future Generations. This institution would safeguard Generations should be inspired by the original Brundtland following discussion in the General Assembly, the High environmental consequences, highlights the need for a environmental and social conditions for the benefit of definition of sustainable development: “to promote and Commissioner would become the official charged with new institutional mechanism, with the objective to promote current and future generations by securing their institutional protect the interests of future generations in the context leading the UN future generations strategy. In practice, knowledge-based decision making at the international representation in all areas of policy-making. of the imperative to meet the needs of the present the strategy and overall role of the High Commissioner level. An Intergovernmental Panel on Sustainable without compromising the ability of future generations will need to evolve over time. Development could function as an umbrella organisation Finally, the realisation of the right of all stakeholders to to meet their own needs”. with a sustainable development research agenda for the actively take part in decision-making would increase the A High Commissioner for Future Generations would 21st century: reviewing relevant sources and forms of number of perspectives considered, and thus make the The creation of a High Commissioner for Future Generations need a range of powers and responsibilities spanning knowledge (including not only natural sciences, but also decisions reached more inclusive and representative. The would provide a clear institutional underpinning to the international agenda-setting and leadership (including social sciences and traditional knowledge). The Panel implementation of Principle 10 of the 1992 Rio Declaration inherent long-termism of sustainable development; one dialogue and advocacy on matters falling within the should be mandated to provide an assessment of social could be strengthened at Rio by the adoption of two parallel capable of delivering lasting outcomes, not simply political scope of the mission; and offering advice, on request, on and ecological boundaries, and the scientific evidence and concrete approaches. Firstly, any institution created in rhetoric. It would also build on, and complement, existing implementation of relevant existing intergovernmental gathered should contribute to knowledge-based policy Rio should function on the basis of best practices in terms references to future generations in a wide range of regional commitments); monitoring, early warning and multi- making and policy monitoring. of inclusive governance, by including representatives of and global treaties, and other international instruments. stakeholder review; capacity-building for innovation civil society in their bureau. Secondly, governments could at national and subnational levels; and fostering Once decision making is grounded in a solid knowledge agree to develop an international agreement to guarantee Across the UN, the Office of the High Commissioner understanding and analysis related to the mission. base, the time span considered as relevant to weight access to information, effective public participation in for Future Generations would build a body of advice, costs and benefits of each decisions should be extended. environmental matters, and access to justice; and to set analysis and practice to underpin a systematic approach The creation of a High Commissioner for Future The 1992 Earth Summit highlighted a useful principle the stage for negotiations towards the adoption of regional to regard for future generations in UN policy-making and Generations would be an act of faith in our collective in this respect: the precautionary principle. Twenty instruments. The current lack of references to these implementation. ‘Could there be a better way?’ will be a ability as people, and to the collective ability of our years later, the time has come for the full and effective approaches in the Zero Draft is striking. question heard frequently, and insistently, across the High governments, to overcome one of the most pernicious implementation of this principle, through the development Commissioner’s programme of work. features of unsustainable development: the short-termism of a new instrument to hold economic actors accountable for the risks arising from their activities. Such instrument could also guarantee that industrial production, and Some believe that Rio will simply be a talking shop, which will fail to provide meaningful solutions. Let us prove those people wrong and work with decision-makers Multi-stakeholder review across themes, geographies and generations should be among the High Commissioner’s unfairness to future generations. . that undermines equity in the present and guarantees commercialisation of new substances and technologies, key monitoring and assessment tools. Review at the MORE INFO to create firm resolutions to put us back on the right are authorised only when no reasonable doubt exists national level should naturally be grounded in the consent To access the full discussion paper, ‘Committing to track. Increasing consumption and GDP at the price of regarding their potential harm to our environment and the of the state(s) concerned. But there should also be a the future we want: a High Commissioner for Future environmental destruction and social demise is not just natural capital left to future generations. presumption of public transparency in the implementation Generations at Rio+20’, by Halina Ward visit: www.fdsd. unsustainable but also an inadequate quick-fix to our inherently flawed relationship with our planet. We hope of the High Commissioner’s mission. org/2012/03/committing-to-the-future-we-want that Rio+20 can begin to redefine this relationship, so that future generations have the opportunity to make a . healthy and fulfilling life for themselves, just as present generations have come to expect. 4 5 RIO+20 RIO+20
  • 5. What kind of institutional structure might best help Simon Hoiberg Olsen advance sustainable development? As for the way forward, the Rio+20 Outcome Document In the end, it is too early to decide which is the better could contain a paragraph requesting a limited and pointed option; a new separate SDC or a reformed ECOSOC. All Policy Researcher at Governance and Capacity Group Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) mandate change of ECOSOC. The paragraph could specify we can advocate for at this point are the functions and that the amendment only concerns ECOSOC’s name and tools that are necessary to bring sustainable development mandate, and could identify the necessary functions and governance to the forefront of the intergovernmental Sustainable development advocates tools of a reformed ECOSOC. A mandate change might arena. These tools and functions should be part of the have long argued that the current institutional framework for sustainable be necessary to allocate such tools and functions to the current ECOSOC, and this could require opening the UN charter. If a charter amendment is not in the cards, implementation of sustainable development. . Outcome Document as necessary elements for better development (IFSD) needs reform. pic: MiFleur, waiting for the spring amending ECOSOC’s mandate (and even perhaps its Neither the Commission for Sustainable name) could be based on a General Assembly resolution Development, nor the Economic and and be decided by a two-thirds majority. agreements (MEAs) and lack of coherence between them. Social Council (ECOSOC), have been able ECOSOC also lacks the appropriate leadership to enhance the visibility of sustainability concerns. For example, Reforming UNEP: the need is clear to successfully integrate sustainable even though the Annual Ministerial Review and the development decision making into the Development Cooperation Forum (both of ECOSOC) have UN system. The Rio+20 Summit is a undertaken reviews of the millennium development goals (MDGs), they lack tools for integrating all dimensions of Matthew Reading-Smith Jan-Gustav Strandeneas unique opportunity for governments to sustainable development. Assistant Project Officer, Stakeholder Forum Senior Policy Advisor, Stakeholder Forum establish an institution equipped with the mandate, functions, and tools to Some people argue that a reformed IFSD would need at least four functions to make headway towards sustainable Forty years after its founding date, despite unpredictable The UN Secretary General’s high-level Global Sustainability bring sustainability concerns to the development: and insufficient funding, UNEP has been able to maintain Panel’s report ‘Resilient People, Resilient Planet: The forefront of decision making. its function as the watchdog of the global environment. Future We Want’, reiterates the need to upgrade UNEP . 1. Political leadership and agenda setting – to be However, without universal membership or an increase The Panel suggests that the agency act as an umbrella enabled by establishing a High Level political forum, in budget, its capacity has been spread thin and it still organisation ‘to enhance coherence between multilateral One option that has been proposed, and which has or Assembly, to follow and advance the sustainable struggles to be recognised as the paramount organisation environmental agreements and better integrate its work received significant attention, is the establishment of development agenda; working for the global environment. with the activities of development institutions, especially a Sustainable Development Council (SDC), which would raise the profile of sustainable development, from being the UNDP The panel believes the agency’s collaboration .’ 2. Ensuring implementation – to be bolstered by a periodic under the mandate of ECOSOC, to reporting directly to As a result, the reformation of UNEP’s structure and with UNDP could be especially important in the future. review mechanism for increased implementation and the General Assembly. strengthening of its authority, have become reoccurring cooperation; themes throughout the Rio+20 process and it is now However, the process of upgrading UNEP is by no means Some governments are concerned that creating a 3. Enhancing science-policy interface and progress thought a potential outcome of Rio+20 could be the easy, nor is it unanimous. Most notably, the United States, separate SDC is suboptimal, as there is little political tracking – to be achieved by institutionalising a upgrading of UNEP to a specialized agency. China, India, and Russia, do not endorse the proposal. will to create additional new institutions, and doing so sustainable development assessment; and Their positions are: would require funds that are scarcely available within the It is widely acknowledged that UNEP needs to redefine • United States: willing to strengthen UNEP but , intergovernmental arena. Those that hold concern about 4. Strengthening inter-agency coordination – to be its identity and increase its capacity in order to fulfill its thinks that an upgrade to Specialised Agency the creation of a seventh principal organ of the UN have strengthened by an interface to follow-up and provide mandate. There appears to be general agreement on the will weaken its mandate, and as such a move instead proposed the reform of ECOSOC, allowing it to advice to the Secretary General on coordination. following challenges regarding the functionality of UNEP: needs ratification process by each country, the US hold a High Level body on sustainable development. fears that such a ratification process will not make • Funding; it through Congress. Instead it advocates universal One could ponder whether a reformed ECOSOC could membership, restructuring UNEP governance and The argument for elevating the voice of sustainable • Membership; be renamed an SDC or ESEC (Environmental, Social improved scientific decision making. development to Council level within ECOSOC is based on and Economic Council), to give a more balanced • Collaboration between UN agencies and UN programmes; integration and participation. ECOSOC could become • China: Advocates increased financial and technical reflection of the three dimensions of sustainability. The • Authority to oversee and implement multilateral the home of an integrative body, since both economic support, but does not provide suggestions on how proposed high level Sustainable Development Assembly environmental agreements (MEAs); and this can be achieved. and social sustainable development dimensions are should consist of members from economic, social and already embedded there. A new SDC placed under the • Scientific basis for decision-making; • India: Disagrees with elevating the status of UNEP environmental ministries from the highest level of national General Assembly also has the potential to represent all to a WEO or specialised agency. Believes UNEP administrations; as well as stakeholders from civil society There is a general level of support from the intergovernmental three dimensions of sustainable development; however can be strengthened through capacity building, and the private sector. Some elements of ECOSOC, community and civil society to upgrade UNEP At least 110 . better scientific based decision-making and that would render ECOSOC largely superfluous, without countries endorse such a proposal and a possible name such as the Commission on Sustainable Development increased regional presence. actually closing it down. for the specialised agency could be the UN Environment and the Commission on Social Development, could be • Russia: Does not advocate a UNEP transformation, abolished, as these functions would be embedded in Organisation (UNEO). A more radical proposal has been If ECOSOC were to host a high level sustainable instead it makes a suggestion for the the proposed functions of a reformed ECOSOC. This to establish a more independent organisation named the development body, it would require some changes to its intergovernmental community to discuss how to Sustainable Development Assembly could be the main World Environment Organisation (WEO), but this proposal increase UNEP’s efficiency. current setup. ECOSOC has never been able to initiate now seems to have been morphed into the UNEO. UNEO as entity for coordination and policy definition on sustainable an institutional process for merging the dimensions of a specialised agency would hopefully have a mandate giving The most visible proponents of a UNEO come from the development. In terms of membership, universality is sustainable development, despite being first envisioned it functions and authority similar to other international European Union and the African League of Nations. These important for the legitimacy and representativeness of a in the Rio Summit 1992. The environmental pillar, for two bodies have long argued that a specialised agency . new council or the underpinning ECOSOC. However, then organisations, such as the World Health Organisation and instance, is heavily fragmented, due the existence of a International Labour Organisation. would accord UNEP with the necessary political authority it might be necessary to establish be an executive board wide range of autonomous multilateral environmental to enable it to contribute to The Future We Want. with a more limited representation to ensure efficient 6 7 RIO+20 decision making. RIO+20
  • 6. Implementing Sustainable Development in an Integrated Manner: Rob Wheeler UN Representative From the Local to Global Level It is clear that humanity is inconsistent application. While important institutions Council should be tasked with carrying out a review have been established to promote or monitor the process to ensure that all countries and communities are far from living sustainably on integrated pursuit of sustainable development, many have on track, and receive the support they need to carry out planet earth. We do very few not received adequate support, some have languished, and achieve their sustainability plans. and most have not been able to synergize well with things in a fully sustainable complementary processes or institutions. While financial Finally, I want to mention an important part of this local to manner; and thus need to make and other commitments of international support have global planning process that has been rather neglected – been made, they have neither achieved greater coherence the development of such efforts in small rural communities changes across the board. nor always been fully realized in practice. While the and impoverished urban neighborhoods. Perhaps this is Fortunately there are plenty of participation of Major Groups has become the norm, there not too surprising, given that such communities have far is limited success in scaling up or replicating promising fewer resources and institutionalised planning processes examples, best practices and multistakeholder initiatives.’ than do larger towns and municipalities. However, it is success stories, in pretty much pic: Cortes de Cima incredibly important that we include a focus on such all sectors, that demonstrate In order to respond to these findings, a global program or communities in the Rio process and Outcome Document, partnership is needed to bring together leading organisers, In the 1990s the United States was well ahead of the and in the Local and National Action Plans and 10 Year how we can adopt more processes, governments, agencies, and stakeholder curve under the Clinton/Gore Administration. With eight Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption sustainable practices. groups, to determine how to best finance, support, and Sustainability Task Forces drafting recommendations and and Production, given that 70% of those facing extreme implement these processes in a much more effective, reports; multi-sectoral committees, together with an inter- poverty live in rural areas; and most of the rest in It has been recognised, by most of those participating in coherent, integrated, inclusive and participatory manner. agency task force, driving collaboration and integration; impoverished urban communities. the Rio+20 process, that we must proceed in an integrated, and a President's Council on Sustainable Development coherent and much more effective or ambitious manner. Similarly, the Report found that, ‘As of 2009, 106 that included Cabinet Officials, key business leaders, and Many examples show how such integrated, multi-sectoral It is thus imperative that we adopt an integrated, multi- countries (out of 192) have reported that they are currently the heads of key civil society organisations, we were well community based planning processes can be successful. sectoral approach to sustainable development that focuses implementing a national sustainable development on our way to developing and implementing a National The Millennium Villages (www.millenniumvillages.org), on protecting and restoring the natural environment and strategy (NSDS), but these are rarely viewed as the Strategy for Sustainability. (www. clinton5.nara.gov/PCSD) Green Productivity - Integrated Community Development providing basic human rights and needs for all. principal vehicles for policy coordination. In practice, a program – implemented in Vietnam through the Asian number of coordinating and planning mechanisms have Unfortunately, these efforts were dropped before the Productivity Organisation (www.apo-tokyo.org/gp/45icd. There are three aspects to this that are essential. First, been used in developing countries, often in parallel, and Bush Administration was even elected, and they've never htm), and the Global Ecovillage Network (www.ecovillage. integration needs to be both vertical and horizontal. The with similar or overlapping tasks, including conventional been picked up since. Fortunately, a number of State org) have worked in thousands of villages and local development and implementation of local and national development planning, PRSP UNDAF DWCF NCS, NEAP , , , , and local efforts have continued, but they have not been communities to demonstrate how an integrated, multi- sustainability strategies, along with the action plans on and others. The resulting proliferation undermines their well-integrated with Obama Administration efforts to sectoral approach, owned and managed by the local sustainable consumption and production (SCP), still need very purpose by weakening and fragmenting the efforts advance sustainable development. community, can provide dramatic improvements in to be integrated and supported at all levels of government to introduce coherence.’ sustainability, resilience, and the ability to meet basic from the local to global. In other words, a global In the US we have thus missed out on a tremendous human needs and live cooperatively with nature. program is needed to support countries in developing Finally, the SG's Report suggested that, ‘There is a lack of opportunity; but this has been matched by the world and implementing their national strategies; and global a proper framework for vertical integration between local community as well. Many may remember the UNDP The NGO Cluster on Sustainable Rural Development is and national processes also need to be developed to and national processes. Even the prominent Local Agenda Capacity 21 program, which led to many of the asking that the following be added after the section on support sub-national government and local communities 21 processes were hardly reflected in national processes.’ initiatives that resulted in the development of National Cities in Article 102 in the Zero Draft: ‘Support is needed in developing and implementing their local and regional Sustainability Councils and Strategies in the developing to develop an integrated, multi-sectoral community based strategies and plans as a part of, and to inform, national Again, only about half of countries have fulfilled the world. But for some reason, still unknown to most, the approach to sustainable rural development. We call on the processes and implementation efforts. Johannesburg commitment to develop and begin to effort to develop a Capacity 2015 program following the UN to establish a global network of grassroots support implement a National Sustainability Strategy by 2005; Johannesburg Summit, which was intended to pick up organizations, resource and service centers, and training and only a very small percentage of the millions of cities, programs to develop local capacity and assist villages . We also need to include horizontal integration to link, and where Capacity 21 left off – namely with implementation bring together, all of the various planning, development, towns and villages around the planet have developed – was unfortunately never instituted. and rural communities in eradicating poverty and meeting and implementation efforts – across all sectors of local strategies or action plans. basic human needs.’ society – thus increasing the level of coherence and the It is therefore essential that a global program, or at the rate of progress, as improvements in one area support It is therefore essential that better support is developed very least, a UN Partnership Initiative, is established to MORE INFO and assist with others. at the international level, to assist with the development support, and assist in, the development of local to national Rob Wheeler is a UN Representative for the Global and implementation of local to national strategy sustainability planning processes linked with effective, Ecovillage Network, US Citizens Network for Sustainable The Secretary-General's GAP Report states that, ‘While processes. These Strategies, and also the SCP Action integrated and coherent implementation plans. Local and Development, and Commons Action for the UN integrated planning or policies and national sustainable Plans, must then be based on the Rio Principles, focus National Councils need to be established in all countries development strategies have become acceptable, on achieving Agenda 21, JPOI, the MEAs and all other and communities to drive the process and encourage their impact remains limited because of ad hoc and international sustainability agreements, and strive to responsible action. These Councils and strategies should support humanity in making a rapid transition to a fully include and be based on achieving the SDGs, Targets, sustainable economy and world. and Indicators. And the new UN Sustainable Development 8 9 RIO+20 RIO+20