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1. 5 Unique Ways Doctors Diagnose5 Unique Ways Doctors Diagnose
Spina Bifida HydrocephalusSpina Bifida Hydrocephalus
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2. The Normal CSF FlowThe Normal CSF Flow

3. HydrocephalusHydrocephalus
Abnormal dilatation of the cerebral
ventricular system
Hydrocephalus should be differentiated from
disorders producing ventricular enlargement
secondary to cerebral atrophy.
Classified into :
1. Communicating Hydrocephalus
2. Non communicating Hydrocephalus

4. Characterisics of HydrocephalusCharacterisics of Hydrocephalus
Ventricular enlargement disproportionate to
the degree of sulcal widening
Enlagement of temporal horne
Periventricular fluid 2ry to transependymal
CSF permeation
Enlarged 3rd
ventricle with large suprapineal
and chiasmatic receses
In children < 2 years the head circumference
is often the best distinguishing feature
between hydrocephalus and atrophy.

5. Normal CT BrainHydrocephalic Brain

6. Subependymal CSFSubependymal CSF
permeationpermeation

7. Non-Communicating HydrocephalusNon-Communicating Hydrocephalus
(Intraventricular obstruction)(Intraventricular obstruction)
Ventricular dilatation caused by
intraventricular obstruction at or above the
the outlet foramina of the 4th
ventricle
Causes:
1. Lateral ventricle
2. Foramen of Monro
3. 3rd
ventricle
4. Aqueduct of sylvius
5. 4th
ventricle

8. Lateral Ventriclar causes:Lateral Ventriclar causes:
1. Intrinsic tumor: ependymoma
2. Ventriculitis: due to intraventricular
adhesions
3. Extraventricular Tumour: mass effect
from large parenchymal mass

9. Ventriculitis case 1 Ventriculitis case 2

10. Neuroepithelial Cyst

11. Causes of Thid Ventricle Obstruction:Causes of Thid Ventricle Obstruction:
1. Intraventricular Tumor
2. Extraventricular tumour : Pituitary
adenoma , craniopharyngioma,
arachnoid cyst.

12. Pituitary Adenoma

13. Craniopharyngioma :Craniopharyngioma :

14. Causes of Cerebral Aqueduct of SylviusCauses of Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius
Obstruction:Obstruction:
1. Developmental aqueduct stenosis
2. Intraventricular tumour: epndymal
seedling
3. Extraventricular Tumour : Pineal Body
tumour
4. Ventriculitis
5. Haemorrhage

15. Aqueduct Stenosis

16. Pineal Body Tumours:Pineal Body Tumours:

17. Pineal Body Tumour:Pineal Body Tumour:

18. 44thth
Ventricle obstruction :Ventricle obstruction :
1. Intraventricular Tumour: Ependymoma,
metastases
2. Extraventricular Tumours:
medulloblastoma, haemangioblastoma,
cerebellopontine angle tumours (acoutic
neuroma) , meningioma
3. Outflow obstrction: infection (TB),
SAH, leptomeningeal malignancy

19. EpendymomaEpendymoma

20. Medulloblastoma :Medulloblastoma :

21. CerebellarCerebellar
HaemangioblastomaHaemangioblastoma

22. Intraventricular Haemorrhage:Intraventricular Haemorrhage:

23. Acoustic Neuroma:Acoustic Neuroma:

24. Questions?Questions?
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