2. • Rotating BH drags the spacetime around it
(LLeennssee –– TThhiirrrriinngg 11991188).
• Particle in an orbit with an axis non-parallel
to the spin of the BH will experience torques
• The orbit will precess
Kerr BH + Particle
Precession
4. How
can it be observed?
From tthhee sshhaappee ooff tthhee aaccccrreettiioonn ddiisskk
Warped disk RBP
5. How
can it be observed?
FFrroomm tthhee
PPrreecceessssiioonn ooff
ppcc ssccaallee jjeettss
Right Ascension (02h 40m)
Radio Jet (pc)
S2
NE
Warped disk RBP
Declination (-00o 13')
07s.4 07s.0
30"
35"
C
S1
Right Ascension Offset (arcsec)
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.4 0.2 0.0
06s.6
6. How
can it be observed?
FFrroomm tthhee
ssttrruuccttuurree
ooff tthhee
rraaddiiooggaallaaxxyy
iinn kkppcc ssccaalleess
12. Angle with the line
of sight is different
Velocity of each component is constant
Velocity is different for the different components
Position angle in the plane of the sky of each component is
different
13. We find a sistematic effect in bobs vs. h,
sugesting precession precessão
x observer
jet
W f
h
y
(Abraham & Romero (1999)
plane of the sky
line of sight
γ= 1
√1−β2
b b sin
f
= = 3.9o f0
app -
b f
1 cos
= 10o h0
= -120 g= 10.8
19. Locus of Pprec/MBH = Constant
3C345
BH spin (a *) log (RBP/Rms)
3C273
3C279
OJ287
3C120
20. RBP is too small to be measured with current ang. resolution !!
SShhaappee ooff tthhee aaccccrreettiioonn ddiisskk
Keplerian outer disk
Rigid body
Warped disk
RBP
21. NGC 1068
7 ´ 6 arc min
Optical image
(1.1 m Hall telescope)
30 arc sec
HST
25. Initial jet direction MBN = (0.8 – 1.2) ´ 107
MMd = (8.6 – 9.4) ´ 106 M
S= (1.1 – 1.5) ´ 106 g cm-2
0 Σd (ξ )=Σ0 ξs
s = 1
Rex = 1 pc
How long does it take
to get aligned?
What is the value of RBP
26.
27. Talign = < 1.5 ´ 105 Y
Alignment Time should be smaller than Lifetime of the AGN and
Jet Phases ~ (1-2)*10^5 years
28. (derived from the movement
of the components close to the core)
NGC 1068 in kpcscales: Wilson & Ulvestad (1987)
1
kpc
υjet=0.17c
Jet was formed 104 years ago
29. dJ BN
dt
=−2πsinϕ∫ΩLT Ld (r )rdr
ϕ(t )=ϕ0e
( t−t0)/Tali} Sheuer & Feiler (1996)
(t−t0 )/T ali
Pprec (t )=P0 e
P0≃T alin
30.
31. The way to infer the KBH Radius:
Combining info from:
RBP vs. a* and Talign vs. a*