1. Seminar
on
4G wireless technology
Presented By-
Shradha
Maheshwari
CS-08

2. What is 4G?
 One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
 It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where
voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an
“anytime , anywhere” basis.
 It includes several types of broadband wireless
communication system access including cellular
telephone system.

3. History of 4G technology
Technology 1G 2G 3G 4G
Design began 1970 1980 1990 2000
Implementation 1984 1991 2002 2010?
Services Voice Associated Global Higher
provided transmission, with GSM Roaming, capacity
text message service interactive ,completely
media IP oriented,
multimedia.
Data bandwidth 1.0Kbps 144Kbps 2Mbps 100Mbps

4. Why 4G is required?
 Due to substantial growth in overall number of
subscribers.
 Due to massive demand of new services like
data , audio , image or video .

5. Features of 4G Technology
 Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and
wireless internet.
 Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates.
 Global mobility and service portability.
 Support for previous wireless technologies.
 High internet speed.
 Tight network security.
 Better spectral efficiency.

6. Problems with the Current
System
• Cellular networks do not have available
bandwidth needed to handle data
services well.
• Data transfer tends to come in bursts.

7. Transmission system

8. Technology and hardware
used in 4G
 OFDM
 UWB
 Smart antennas
 IPv6
Software defined ratio

9. OFDM (orthogonal frequency
division multiplexing)
 It is based on the concept of FDD (Frequency division multiplexing).
 It works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals
 By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference can be
avoided
 . Here modulation can be performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently as an
IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.

10. UWB (ultra wide band)
 .An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
 It is typically detected as noise.
 It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.
 It uses less power as it transmits pulse instead of continuos signal.
 Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

11. Smart antennas
• A digital wireless communication antenna system that
takes advantage of diversity effect at source,
destination or both.
• They can send back signals in the same direction that
they came from.
• They can fall into SIMO, MIMO and MISO.

12. Antenna as both transmitter
and receiver

13. Smart antennas can be broadly
divided into two categories:
• Switched beam antenna
• Adaptive array antenna

14. Switched Beam Antenna

15. Adaptive Array Antenna

16. Software defined radio (SDR)
 A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any
radio or frequency standard through the use of software.
 The phone should automatically switch from operating on a
CDMA frequency to a TDMA frequency whenever it is required.
 It can be dynamically updated with new software without any
changes in the hardware and infrastructure.

17. Packet Layer
• Splits the data into small packets.
• Without this there would be a need of separate connection
on each computer with a separate network and routing
equipment.
• They follow rules how they are formatted.

18. IPv6
 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol through
which data is sent from one computer to another on the
internet.
 It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP
address in IPv4.
 Understanding of IPv6 in 4G-
- 32 bits IP address looks like this 216.37.129.9
- 216.37.129.9 may be written like 11011000.00100101.10000001.00001001
- the IP address in IPv6 version will be 4 times of IPv4; it looks like
216.37.129.9,79.23.178.229,65.198.2.10,192.168.5.120
- all 4 sets are defined in different functions and usages.
- the first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to be the
“home address” purpose.

19. IPv6 continue……
 The second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be
declared as the “care-of address”.
 The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as
mobile IP address.
 The last set of IP address(192.168.5.120) can be local
network address.
There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique
address.

20. Advantages of Packets
• More secure
• More flexible
• More reliable
• Proven technology
• Easier to standardize
• Extensible

21. QOS (quality of service)
 In wireless networks, Quality of Service (QOS) refers to the
measure of the performance for a system reflecting its
transmission quality and service availability.
 4G is expected to have at least a reliability of 99.99%.
 In 4G QOS may be divided in following ways-
 Transaction-level QOS describes both the time it takes to complete a transaction
and the packet loss rate.
 Circuit-level QOS includes call blocking for new as well as existing calls .
 User-level QOS depends on user mobility and application type .

22. An imagined view of 4G mobile phone

23. Barrier to progress
• Nobody makes the conversion to 4G.
• Everyone makes the conversion to
4G.
• Some of the players make the
conversion to 4G.

24. Applications
1. Virtual Presence
2. Virtual Navigation
3. Tele geo processing application
4. Telemedicine and education

25. continue…..
5. Crisis management
6. Multimedia video services.
7. Traffic control system
8. Admission control in cellular packet
networks

26. THANK YOU

27. Any queries??