5. PREPARATION
It is made by compressing the natural gas
(composed of methane) to less than 1% of
the volume at stnd. atmospheric pressure. It
is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a
pressure of 200-280 bars.
6.
7. AVAILABILITY OF CNG
The world's largest gas field is the offshore Gas-Condensate field, shared
between Iran and Qatar. It is estimated to have 51 trillion cubic meters of
natural gas and 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates.
The areas which are high in natural gas availability in India are mostly the
Western offshore area.
However, the other major production areas for natural gas are the on-shore
fields in Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States.
Natural gas in comparatively lesser amount is also produced in the states of
Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan States.
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8. CONTI…
CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT
Methane 90% Maximum
Ethane Content 4% Maximum
Propane Content 1.7% Maximum
C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum
C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum
CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum
Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum
Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum
Oxygen 0.5% Maximum
Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum
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9. IMPORTANCE
It is cheap than other fuels
It is dispersed quickly when released
It is lighter than air
It releases less carbon into the atm.
10. WHY USE CNG ENGINE : -
An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits
22,000 grams of CO2, for same distance on
CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO2..
It burns with oxygen to produce 1 mole of
CO2 and 2 moles of H2O. By comparison,
petrol is essentially C6H6 with a c.v. of 3,300
kJ/mol and this burns to produce 6 moles of
CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. So it gives less
pollution .
11. THE CNG ENGINE
The CNG engine uses a second fuel tank which has
to be attached to the car, and is usually placed in the
trunk (or other place where there is suitable room).
This tank is usually very large, as it has to keep the
gas used compressed. The amount of pressure may
vary from engine to engine, but it is usually
compressed to around 3,600 pounds per square inch.
The driver can then decide which of the fuels they
wish to use by simply pressing a switch on the
dashboard. This means that the car can alternate
between the different tanks, drawing fuel from either.
13. HOW THE CNG ENGINE POWERS THE CAR
Once the driver selects the CNG tank, the
compressed gas in the tank is pulled through a series
of highly pressurized lines until it reaches the
regulator. Inside the regulator, the pressure on the
gas is lessened until it matches the amount needed
by the fuel injection system of the car's engine. Once
the gas has reached an acceptable pressure, the
solenoid valve allows the gas to move into the fuel
injection system and from there into the engine. Just
as with gasoline, once the engine has received the
gas, it is ignited in the combustion chamber, and this
provides the energy to power the car forward
14.
15. DAILY USE
The fuel is taken from a pump in exactly the
same way as one which uses ordinary gas or
diesel fuel. CNG may be harder to find than
regular gas. One solution which many
owners of a CNG engine use is to build a
home gas pump station, which allows their
tanks to be filled overnight.
16.
17. COMBUSTION AND EMISSIONS
130 Octane rating- 130
12.5:1 Fuel-air ratio- 12.5:1
Emissions reduction based on Gasoline Engines
NOx by 30-60%
CO by 60-70%
CO2 by 25%
NMHC 50-75%
20. MAINTENANCE
Proper training is required for all
maintenance personnel working on
CNG vehicles. The oil in a CNG vehicle
does not need to be changed as
frequently because CNG burns more
cleanly than gasoline , producing less
deposits in the oil.
21. 1)- CNG IS USED IN MANY VEHICLES LIKE BIKES AND CARS.
2)- IT IS ALSO USED IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES LIKE LIGHT DUTY
TRUCK AND MEDIUM DUTY TRUCK LIKE VANS AND POSTAL VEHICLES
AND SCHOOL BUSES.
USES
22. CNG CARS
In cars Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel
(General Motors), Peugeot, Volkswagen,
Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars.
In 2006, “Fiat” introduced the “Siena” Tetra
fuel car in the Brazilian market , equipped
with a 1.4L FIRE engine that runs on E100,
E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Gasoline
and CNG.
23. CNG LOCOMOTIVES
“The Napa Valley Wine Train” successfully
retrofit a diesel locomotive to run on
compressed natural gas before 2002. it’s first
locomotive
“Ferrocarril Central Andino” in Peru, has run
a CNG Locomotive on a freight line since
2005.
24. CNG BIKES
Argentinian company Zanella has launched a
CNG powered bike. This is the first bike in the
world to come with a factory fitted CNG power.
in India Bajaj Auto has recently launched its first
CNG motorcycle “Bajaj RE CNG Auto 4 stroke”.
28. ADVANTAGES
Environment Friendly.
Low maintenance cost than other vehicles
Increases the life of lubricating oils
It mixes easily and evenly in air
Engine Life Improves
Less pollution and more efficiency.
It is cheaper than petrol and diesel.
29. Environmental Impact
It is Greenar fuel.
Releases lesser Greenhouse
Gas.
More clean alternative to other
fuel like gasoline.
Reducing Noise pollution.
30. DISADVANTAGES
CNG tank require
high storage
space.
CNG made
engine vehicles
are costly more
than other fuel
engine of the
same car.
31. CNG filling
stations have
limited
availability as
compare to
gasoline.
CNG engine Is
low power
engine than
the gasoline
engine.
32. SOLUTIONS
Install the tanks under the body of the
vehicle, leaving the trunk free
Eg. Fiat multipla, Volkswagen Touran
Ecofuel,
Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel.
Installation of tanks on the roof (typical on
buses).
33. COMPARISON WITH LNG
CNG LNG
CNG is stored at high
pressure as a gas.
It has lower cost of
production storage
CNG requires a much
larger volume to store the
same mass of gasoline or
petrol and the use of very
high pressures nearly
3000 to 4000 psi, (or) 205
to 275 bar.
LNG is stored at very low
temperature as a liquid.
It has higher cost of
production and storage
LNG is often used for
transporting natural gas
over large distances, in
ships, trains or pipelines,
and the gas is then
converted into CNG.
34. CONCLUSION
Due to this above reasons CNG most useful for
vehicles as a fuel to reduce the pollution and it
is cheap than other fuels like petrol and diesel.
CNG is at attractive for this reasons-
1. Clean.
2. Safe and available technology.
3. It is the only fuel Cheaper than gasoline or
diesel.
4. It has produce lower air pollution
