5. • Many different designs have been
manufactured
• Patients usually uses brushes selected on
the basis of cost, availability, advertising
claims, family tradition, or habit
• Because of the variety in shapes, sizes,
textures, and other characteristics
• Dental professionals must become familiar
with the many available products to advise
patients appropriately
6. Characteristics of an effective
toothbrush
• Conforms to individual patient
requirements
• Easily and efficiently manipulated
• Is readily cleaned
• Is durable and inexpensive
• Flexible, soft, and of strength, rigidity and
lightness of the handle
• Has end rounded filaments or bristles
7.
8. I. Influencing factors
• Patient
• Gingiva
• Position of teeth
• Shape of teeth and exposed roots
• Personal preferences
• Method selected
9. II. Toothbrush size and shape
Must be able to adapt to all facial,
lingual, palatal, and occlusal
surfaces for bacterial plaque
removal
10. III. Soft nylon brush
• More effective in cleaning the
cervical area
• Less traumatic to the gingival tissue
• Can be directed into the sulcus and
interproximal areas
• Applicable around fixed orthodontic
appliances
11. • Prevention of tooth abrasion
and/or gingival recession
• More effective use for sensitive
gingiva in severe gingivitis,
ANUG, or during healing stages
12.
13. • Complete tooth brushing instruction for
patients involves teaching;
• What, when, where and how
• The grasp of the brush
• The sequence and amount of brushing
• Supplementary brushing for occlusal
surfaces and the tongue
• Effect from improper brushing
• Care of the tooth brushings
14.
15. • The emphasis in patient education
should be placed on complete plaque
control rather than on number of
brushing
• At least two brushing with
interdental cleaning is recommended
for control of bacterial plaque and
halitosis prevention
• A night brushing before bed time
should be encouraged
19. Purpose and indications
• For bacterial plaque removal
adjacent to and directly beneath the
gingival margin
• For open inter proximal areas,
cervical areas and exposed root
surfaces
• For adaptation to abutment teeth,
under the gingival border of a fixed
partial denture and orthodontic
appliances
20. Problems
• Change the very short strokes
into vigorous scrub that causes
injury to the gingival margin
• Dexterity requirement may be
too high for certain patients
21. • Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
• Frequent replacement recommended
• Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
• Clean thoroughly after each use
• Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.
22.
23. Purpose and indications
• Cleaning gingiva and bacterial
plaque without emphasis on gingival
sulcus
• Meant for children
• Useful in preparatory instruction for
Modified Stillman method
24. Problems
• Brushing too high during initial
placement can lacerate the alveolar
mucosa
• Use too quickly results in no brushing
for the cervical third of the tooth
• Brush with filaments tip directed into
gingiva causes gingival laceration
25.
26. Purpose and indications
• Bacterial plaque removal from
cervical areas and exposed proximal
surfaces
• General application for cleaning
tooth surfaces and massage of the
gingiva
27. Problems
• Without careful placement and using a
brush with end-rounded filaments, tissue
laceration can result.
• Light pressure is needed
• Patient may try to move the brush too
quickly and the vibratory effect may be
ineffective at the gingival margin
28.
29. Purpose and indications
• Loosen debris and bacterial plaque
• Massage and stimulate marginal and
interdental gingiva
• Removes plaque from proximal
areas
• Adapt to cervical areas and to
exposed root surfaces
• Cleanse orthodontic appliance
30. Problems
• Brush end do not engage the gingival
sulcus to remove subgingival bacterial
plaque accumulation
• In some areas, the correct brush
placement is limited or impossible
• Requirements in digital dexterity are
high
31.
32. • Electrical tooth brushes are equally
effective in removing plaque, prevent
calculus, and reduce the incidence of
gingivitis to the manual tooth
brushes
• The motion of the brush varies from
rotational, counter-rotational and
oscillating counter- rotational
• The speed varies from low to high
among the different models
33. Purpose and indications
• To facilitate mechanical bacterial
plaque removal
• Especially helpful for people who
lack the manual dexterity
• Patients with special dental
treatment
34.
35. Problem areas
• Facially displaced teeth
• Inclined teeth
• Exposed roots
• Overlapped teeth or wide embrasures
• Surface of teeth next to edentulous area
• Exposed furcation area
• Right canine and lateral incisor
• Distal surfaces of most posterior teeth
36.
37. Objectives
• Loosen plaque microorganisms packed
in pits and fissures
• Removes plaque deposit from occlusal
surfaces of teeth out of occlusion or not
used during mastication
• Remove plaque from margins of
restorations
• Clean pits and fissures to prepare for
sealants
38.
39. Total mouth cleanliness includes
tongue care
• Microorganisms of the tongue
• Effects of cleaning the tongue
• Brushing procedures
• Tongue scraper
40.
41. • Acute oral inflammation or
traumatic lesion
• Following periodontal surgery
• Acute stage of ANUG
• Following dental extraction
• Following dental restoration
42.
43. • Two brushes for home use and a third
in a portable container for use at work
• Frequent replacement recommended
• Brushes should be replaced before
filaments become splayed, frayed or
lose resiliency
• Clean thoroughly after each use
• Brushes should be kept in open air with
head in an upright position, apart from
contact with other brushes.
