When we are dialing to the Internet, we are using the PPP connection – between our PC and the IP we dial. PPP is also used over Internet access connections (now marketed as "broadband"). Most Internet service providers (ISPs) used PPP for customer dial-up access to the Internet (source: Wikipedia). This includes Streamyx, one of the most popular Internet service in Malaysia. Usually, Multilink PPP is used so that the bandwidth of the connection will double. Example: Two PPP Connections are combined as if they were a single connection.
In Malaysia, MegaTV was one of the earliest company to offer cable TV in 1995. However, customers prefer ASTRO than MegaTV. Finally. MegaTV defunt in 2001 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_TV_(Malaysia)
A gateway is a node (a router) on a TCP/IP network that serves as an access point to another network
Remember the differences between Hubs and Switches? On which OSI layer they reside? How do they operate? Routing Table is a data table stored in a router or a networked computer that lists the routes to particular network destinations, and in some cases, metrics (distances) associated with those routes. The routing table contains information about the topology of the network immediately around it.
[User Hub A]----[Server]-----------[Server]---[User Hub B] [User Hub A]----[Server]--- [Bridge] ---[Server]---[User Hub B] Bridge/ Switch prevent broadcasts from User Hub A/B to User Hub B/A
Since each router is required to subtract at least one count from the TTL field, the count is usually used to mean the number of router hops the packet is allowed before it must be discarded. Each router that receives a packet subtracts one from the count in the TTL field. When the count reaches zero, the router detecting it discards the packet and sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message back to the originating host.
PC B wants to send a message to PC F PC F’s IP address is 130.5.6.2 But PC B detects that 130.5.6.2 is not in the same subnet as he is. Therefore, PC A forwards the packet to the Default Gateway (PC E), hoping the DG knows where to forward the message.
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