The document provides biographical information about several important figures from the Progressive Era, including Jacob Riis, a Danish American social reformer who wrote about poverty in New York City; Robert La Follette, a Wisconsin politician who championed direct primaries; and Alice Paul, a suffragist who organized marches for women's right to vote. It also summarizes key policies and events such as the Square Deal, the Northern Securities Company antitrust case, the 1902 coal strike, and the Hepburn Act.

1. Chapter 5 Terms

2. Jacob Riis
• May 3, 1849 - May 26, 1914
• Danish American social reformer,
muckraking journalist and social
documentary photographer.
• Wrote the book How the Other Half Lives
• Described the poverty, disease, and crime
that afflicted many immigrant
neighborhoods in New York City.
• Married twice.

3. Jacob Riis
• May 3, 1849 - May 26, 1914
• Danish American social reformer,
muckraking journalist and social
documentary photographer.
• Wrote the book How the Other Half Lives
• Described the poverty, disease, and crime
that afflicted many immigrant
neighborhoods in New York City.
• Married twice.

4. Robert La Follette
• June 14, 1855– June 18, 1925
• American politician who served as a U.S.
Congressman, the 20th Governor of Wisconsin
(1901–1906), and Republican Senator from Wisconsin
(1906–1925).
• Used his office to attack the way polit- ical parties ran
their conventions.
• Pressured the state legislature to require each party
to hold a direct primary, in which all party members
could vote for a candidate to run in the general
election.
• His great reform success gave Wisconsin a reputation
as the “laboratory of democracy.”

5. Robert La Follette
• June 14, 1855– June 18, 1925
• American politician who served as a U.S.
Congressman, the 20th Governor of Wisconsin
(1901–1906), and Republican Senator from Wisconsin
(1906–1925).
• Used his office to attack the way polit- ical parties ran
their conventions.
• Pressured the state legislature to require each party
to hold a direct primary, in which all party members
could vote for a candidate to run in the general
election.
• His great reform success gave Wisconsin a reputation
as the “laboratory of democracy.”

6. Alice Paul
• January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977
• graduate of Swarthmore College who also
received a Ph.D. from the University of
Pennsylvania
• Quaker social worker who headed
NAWSA’s congressional committee
• Organized the Washington march.
• Jailed three times for demonstrating for
woman suffrage.

7. Alice Paul
• January 11, 1885 – July 9, 1977
• graduate of Swarthmore College who also
received a Ph.D. from the University of
Pennsylvania
• Quaker social worker who headed
NAWSA’s congressional committee
• Organized the Washington march.
• Jailed three times for demonstrating for
woman suffrage.

8. Square Deal
• Reform programs created by Roosevelt.
• Formed upon three basic ideas:
conservation of natural resources, control
of corporations, and consumer protection.
• Aimed at helping middle class citizens.
• involved attacking the plutocracy and bad
trusts
• Protected business from extreme demands
of organized labor

9. Northern Securities
• Formed in 1902
• Giant new holding company
• Created by three men: E. H. Harriman,
James J. Hill, J.P. Morgan, J. D. Rockefeller
• Controlled the Northern Pacific Railway,
Great Northern Railway, Chicago,
Burlington and Quincy Railroad
• Sued in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust
Act of 1890 by President Theodore
Roosevelt

10. United Mine Workers
• Called a strike of the miners who dug anthracite, or hard
coal.
• Nearly 150,000 workers demanded a pay increase, a
reduction in work hours, and recognition for their union.
• Strike continued for a few months, any longer it would
threaten factories because of the shortage of coal, shutting
down the factories and leaving many people’s home cold.
• Roosevelt urged the union and the owners to accept
arbitration. Union agreed. Mine owners did not.
• Roosevelt threatened to order the army to run the mines.
Fearing this, they finally accepted.

11. United Mine Workers
• Called a strike of the miners who dug anthracite, or hard
coal.
• Nearly 150,000 workers demanded a pay increase, a
reduction in work hours, and recognition for their union.
• Strike continued for a few months, any longer it would
threaten factories because of the shortage of coal, shutting
down the factories and leaving many people’s home cold.
• Roosevelt urged the union and the owners to accept
arbitration. Union agreed. Mine owners did not.
• Roosevelt threatened to order the army to run the mines.
Fearing this, they finally accepted.

12. Hepburn Act
• Act was intended to strengthen the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC).
• Gave it power to enhance the railroad rates.
• ICC's authority was extended to cover bridges,
terminals, ferries, railroad sleeping cars, express
companies and oil pipelines.
• ICC to set rates and regulations that limited
competition and prevented new competitors
from entering the industry.
• Over time the ICC became a supporter of the
railroads’ interests

13. Upton Sinclair
• September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968
• Pulitzer Prize-winning American author
• Published The Jungle.
• It exposed conditions in the U.S. meat
packing industry
• Caused a public disruption that contributed
in part to the passage a few months later of
the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the
Meat Inspection Act.

14. Upton Sinclair
• September 20, 1878 – November 25, 1968
• Pulitzer Prize-winning American author
• Published The Jungle.
• It exposed conditions in the U.S. meat
packing industry
• Caused a public disruption that contributed
in part to the passage a few months later of
the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act and the
Meat Inspection Act.

15. Joseph G. Cannon
• May 7, 1836 – November 12, 1926
• United States politician from Illinois and
leader of the Republican Party.
• Served as Speaker of the United States House
of Representatives from 1903 to 1911.
• Appointed all committees and decided which
bills they handled.
• Cannon could push some bills through
without discussion and see that others never
came to a vote.

16. Joseph G. Cannon
• May 7, 1836 – November 12, 1926
• United States politician from Illinois and
leader of the Republican Party.
• Served as Speaker of the United States House
of Representatives from 1903 to 1911.
• Appointed all committees and decided which
bills they handled.
• Cannon could push some bills through
without discussion and see that others never
came to a vote.

17. Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Idea of wanting to protect high tariffs.
• Cut tariffs hardly at all and actually raised them
on some goods.
• Bill provided for the creation of a tariff board to
study the problem of tariff modification.
• allowed for free trade with the Philippines, then
under American control.
• Had immediate effect of frustrating both
proponents and opponents of reducing tariffs.

18. Richard Ballinger
• July 9, 1858 – June 6, 1922.
• Mayor of Seattle, Washington.
• Conservative corporate lawyer.
• Tried to make nearly a million acres of
public forests and mineral reserves available
for private development.
• Pinchot charged the new secretary with
having once plotted to turn over valuable
public lands in Alaska to a private syndicate
for personal profit.

19. Richard Ballinger
• July 9, 1858 – June 6, 1922.
• Mayor of Seattle, Washington.
• Conservative corporate lawyer.
• Tried to make nearly a million acres of
public forests and mineral reserves available
for private development.
• Pinchot charged the new secretary with
having once plotted to turn over valuable
public lands in Alaska to a private syndicate
for personal profit.