Goal-Setting enhances learning by providing a sense of direction and purpose. Often only a few goals are suggested, as a result many learners fail to find the goals that they can relate to. To address this problem, we propose to extract a large number and variety of goals from social media. Learners can then observe goal-based messages from others and adopt the ones they find useful. Conceptually, this approach could be considered a combination of Goal-Setting and Observational Learning. To provide a practical implementation, we automate this process by retrieving a large number of messages from Twitter, classifying which of the messages contain goals, determining what those goals are.

1. Introduction
Previous Research
Results & Findings
Conclusion
Observational Goal Setting
Sébastien Louvigné
Graduate School of Information Systems. Okamoto lab.
The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

2. Introduction
Previous Research
Results & Findings
Conclusion
Outline
1 Introduction
Goals for Learning
Problem Statement
Research Purpose
2 Previous Research
Goal Setting
Observational Learning
3 Results & Findings
Large-Scale Dataset
Methodology
Observational Goal Setting Theory
4 Conclusion
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

3. Introduction Goals for Learning
Previous Research Problem Statement
Results & Findings Research Purpose
Conclusion
Goals for Learning
Goal Setting enhances Learning
Providing a sense of direction and purpose:
Being aware of reasons Important for learners (Pintrich, et al.
1990).
Do your best! Not ecient for learning.
(Dan Pink - RSA Animate)
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

4. Introduction Goals for Learning
Previous Research Problem Statement
Results Findings Research Purpose
Conclusion
Problem Statement
Failing to nd goals Failing in learning
Give the child the desire to learn and... any method will be good.
(Rousseau, 1854)
The largest cause of education failure is... lack of student
motivation. (Samuelson, 2010)
Proposed Solution: Utilizing Social Media
1 Finding a community.
2 Providing a large variety of goals from peers.
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

5. Introduction Goals for Learning
Previous Research Problem Statement
Results Findings Research Purpose
Conclusion
Research Purpose
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

6. Introduction
Previous Research Goal Setting
Results Findings Observational Learning
Conclusion
Goal Setting
Inuencing learning and performance (Locke, 1990; Zimmerman,
et al. 1992; Bekele, 2010).
Goal attributes
Leading eventually to personal satisfaction (Fulllment).
Fulllment and achievement motivation: important
success factors in learning.
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

7. Introduction
Previous Research Goal Setting
Results Findings Observational Learning
Conclusion
Observational Learning
Expanding knowledge from observing
4-processes categories (Bandura, 1986)
Attentional (Observation)
Retention (Structuring information)
Production (Behavior)
Motivational (Inuence from others)
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

8. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Large-Scale Dataset
Twitter
Short text messages
Metadata (e.g. user prole, social network)
Large amount of data publicly available
Data containing Learning concepts
Filter stream data (learn, study, language, algebra, etc).
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

9. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Finding the right goals: Search Engines
Large amount of unstructured information
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

10. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Finding the right goals: Social Media
Data Mining
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

11. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Goal Classication
Goal Motivation classiers
1 Extracting motivational data from Twitter Motivational
Corpus (Rubens, 2012).
2 Filtering goal-based messages using textual features.
3 Determining what goals and attributes are (e.g. sentiment,
diculty).
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

12. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Proposed Approach
Showing goal-based motivational messages
Assisting learners in observing and adopting what they nd useful.
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

13. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Interface: Goal Categorization
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

14. Introduction Large-Scale Dataset
Previous Research Methodology
Results Findings Observational Goal Setting Theory
Conclusion
Observational Goal Setting
Adoption process
1 Getting results from search request
2 Organizing results in separated groups
3 Showing results to users
4 Observing and adopting goals
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

15. Introduction
Previous Research
Results Findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Observational Goal Setting theory
Combining Goal Setting with Observational Learning.
Assisting learners in observing peers' goal-based messages and
setting up their own goals.
New Approach
Goal Classication
Finding goal-based messages and determining what those goals
are.
Goal Categorization
Showing goal-based messages in separated groups.
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

16. Introduction
Previous Research
Results Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pintrich, Paul R. E. V. De Groot (1990), Motivational and self-regulated
learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of
Educational Psychology , vol. 82, pp. 33-40.
Locke, Edwin A. (1996), Motivation through conscious goal setting. Applied
Preventive Psychology , vol. 5, pp 117-124.
Locke, Edwin A. G. P. Latham (2002), Building a practically useful theory of
Goal Setting and Task Motivation. American Psychologist , vol. 57, pp. 705-717.
Zimmerman, Barry J., A. Bandura M. Martinez-Pons (1992), Self-motivation
for academic attainment: the role of self-ecacy beliefs and personal goal
setting, American Educational Research Journal , vol. 29, pp. 663-676.
Bekele, Teklu A. (2010), Motivation and satisfaction in internet-supported
learning environments. Educational Technology Society , vol. 13(2), pp.
116-127.
Bandura Albert (1986), Social Foundations of thought and action: A
social-cognitive theory (Englewood Clis, NJ: Prentice Hall).
Rubens, Neil, S. Louvigné T. Okamoto (2012), Corpus of motivational
messages, Tech. rep. University of Electro-Communications.
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012

17. Introduction
Previous Research
Results Findings
Conclusion
Links
Observational Goal Setting theory
Online presentation
http://www.slideshare.net/SebastienL/observational-goal-setting
Blog
http://activeintelligence.org/sebastien/
Contact
louvigne@ai.is.uec.ac.jp
Sébastien Louvigné UEC - Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. 2012