1. By- group II

2. Tenses are of three types which can be further
subdivided into four types.
These are:
1. PRESENT TENSE
It can be further subdivided into…
• Simple present
• Present continuous
• Present perfect
• Present perfect continuous

3. 2. PAST TENSE
It can be further divided into:
• Simple past
• Past continuous
• Past perfect
• Past perfect continuous
3. FUTURE TENSE
It can be further divided into:

4. • Simple future
• Future continuous
• Future perfect
• Future perfect continuous

5. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple  Action in the present taking place once,  always, ever, never ,
never or several times. normally, often, usually,
present  facts sometimes, seldom…etc
 actions taking place one after another.
 actions set by a time table or schedule.
b) Present  action taking place in the moment of  at the moment, just , just
speaking. now, listen, look!, now, right
continuous  action taking place only for a limited now…etc
period of time.
 action arranged for the future.
c) Present  putting emphasis on the result.  already, never , just, ever,
 action that is still going on. not yet, so far, till now, up to
perfect  action that stopped recently. now….etc
 finished action that has an influence
on the present.
d) Present  putting emphasis on the course of  all day, for 4 years, since
duration ( not the result) 1993, how long?, the whole
perfect  action that recently stopped or is till week….etc
continuous going on.
 finished action that influenced the
present.

6. 1. Simple present tense:
 The servant comes and opens the door.
2. Present continuous tense:
 She is visiting the museum tomorrow.
3. Present perfect tense:
 They have won the match.
4. Present perfect continuous tense
 We have been living in this city for five years now.

7. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORDS
a) Simple past  action in past taking place once, never  yesterday, 2 mins ago, the
or several times. other day, in 1990, last
 actions taking place one after another. Friday….etc
 actions taking place in middle of
another action.
b) Past  action going on at a certain time in ma  when, while, as long
past. as…..etc
continuous  actions taking place at the same time.
 action in the past interrupted by another
action.
c) Past perfect  action taking place before at a certain  already, just, never, not yet,
time in the past. Once, until that day….etc
 sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect continuous.
 putting emphasis only on the fact(not
duration)
d) Past perfect  action taking place before at a certain  for, since, the whole day, all
time in the past. day….etc
continuous  sometimes interchangeable with past
perfect simple.
 putting emphasis on duration/course of
an action.

8. 1. Simple past tense:
 She worked hard last year.
2. Past continuous tense:
 He was laughing at the beggar when I saw him.
3. Past perfect tense:
 We had caught the thief before the arrival of the police.
4. Past perfect continuous tense:
 I had been wading through water for half an hour.

9. TENSE USES SIGNAL WORD
a) Simple  action in the future which cannot be  in a year, next week,
influenced. tomorrow, I think,
future  action that will finish by a certain time probably, perhaps, by
in the future. Monday, in a week….etc
 decision made for the future.
 conclusion for the future.
b) Future  action that is going on I n a certain time  in one year, for, the last
in the future. couple of hours, all day
continuous  putting emphasis on the coarse of the ,long….etc
action.
 action taking place before a certain time.
c) Future  denote an action that will be completed  shall have, will have….etc
before some particular time in the future.
perfect
d) Future  denote an action that will be going on at  shall have been, will have
or before some particular time in the been…..etc
perfect future.
continuous

10. 1. Simple future tense:
 It will rain in the month of December this year.
2. Future continuous tense:
 They will be discussing this matter in the afternoon.
3. Future perfect tense:
 The teacher will have taught this lesson by the end of this period.
4. Future perfect continuous tense:
 She will have been writing a book for two days when you meet her
tomorrow.