Ergonomics

1. By……
Pankaj Tadaskar (70)
Sapanjit Mohanty (88)
Sunit Mhasade (105)
Sumeet Suman (106)
Sanjay Jena (120)

2. HISTORY
 Use of simple tools
dates to about
2,400,000 BCE
Stones attached to sticks with strips of leather
or animal sinew were being used as hammers
by about 30,000 BCE during the middle of the
Paleolithic Stone Age (era distinguished by the
development of the first stone tools)

3. OLD HAMMER DESIGN
 A hammer is a tool meant to deliver an impact
to an object
 The most common uses are for driving nails,
fitting parts, forging metal and breaking up
objects
 Hammers are often designed for a specific
purpose, and vary widely in their shape and
structure

4.  The usual features are a handle
and a head, with most of the
weight in the head
 The basic design is hand-
operated, but there are also many
mechanically operated models for
heavier uses, such as steam
hammers

5. BAD DESIGN
 Incorrect material may cause breakage of hammer
and may injure operator

6. BAD DESIGN
 Improper use of Hammer can damage muscles and tendons
of hand.
 Repetitive hammering can cause constriction of blood
vessels resulting in reduced blood flow in hand (numbness &
tingle)
 Optimum ration of force o/p to i/p
 Large ratio injures worker
 Smaller ratio causes repeated
involvement of hand and
chances of CTD (cumulative
trauma disorder)
 Vibration In hands

7.  Lesser contact area between hand and handle may
cause compressive stress
 As the impact between steel hammer heads and the
objects being hit can, and does, create sparks, which
in some industries such as underground coal mining
with methane gas, or in other hazardous
environments containing flammable gases and
vapours, can be dangerous and risk igniting the
gases.
 In these environments, a variety of non-sparking
metal tools are used, being principally, aluminium or
beryllium copper-headed hammers..
BAD DESIGN

8. ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATION WHILE
DESIGNING HAMMER
 The handles have been made of durable
plastic or rubber
 The hammer varies at the top; some are
larger than others giving a larger surface
area to hit different sized nails
 Material used for hammer is beryllium
copper-headed hammers

9. ERGONOMIC HAMMER

10.  Hammer is ergonomically designed to suit
industrial purpose and carpentry
 The hammer produces a cushioned blow
and the impact surfaces are round and
slightly domed
 A specially developed polymaterial makes
the hammer highly effective and gives it a
long life
 Sparkless, antistatic and free from
magnetism
ERGONOMIC HAMMER

11.  The Hammer’s weight is approx 25% lower than
that of a conventional hammer
 The head accounts for approx. 65% of the weight
of the hammer
 Serve both as screw driver and a hammer as a
single tool so consume less space.
 This gives the Hammer an excellent impact effect
and the weight distribution
 The hammer shaft is shaped to give a hefty and
precise grip
 The Hammer therefore fulfils the most stringent
requirements for ergonomics, safety and function.
ERGONOMIC HAMMER

12. ERGONOMIC HAMMER

13.  Head: The balance-weighted head is outfitted
with a large and small mallet constructed of TPR
for precise percussions.
 Handle: The ergonomic handle is precisely
balanced for increased control of force in the
percussions to elicit myotatic reflexes
 TIP:of the base of the handle effectively elicits
cutaneous and plantar reflexes.

14. A
B
C
D
E
F
LEAD HEAD
EASY-GRIP HANDLE
SCREW THREAD
PROPOSAL OF HAMMER

15. MODEL A(mm) B(mm) C(mm) D(mm) E(mm) F(mm) WEIGH
T (kg)
X 70 50 45 65 220 35 0.75
Y 70 50 45 65 220 30 0.80
X: Hammer combination with general screw driver
Y:Hammer combination with specific purpose screw driver

16. REFERENCES
 http://www.coroflot.com
 http://www.eaglemoldcompany.com
 www.sunnex.com
 www.wikipedia.com