Food Fraud 101 - an introduction to understanding how fraudulent food can enter into the legitimate food supply.

1. Food Fraud 101: The Crime of the 21 st Century Sandra J. Enness, MA Anti-Counterfeiting and Product Protection Program (A-CAPPP) School of Criminal Justice Michigan State University Southwest Michigan Environmental Health Association Fall Seminar October 16, 2009

4. Defining Food Fraud and Counterfeiting

7. Defining Counterfeiting Terms (Source: Mace, R. (2008). Food Crime and Security: Corporate and Regulatory Response to Food Adulteration, Fraud, and Safety) ACT DEFINITION EXPLOITED WEAKNESS Adulteration and Tampering Deliberate contamination or change of ingredients or components to cause specific injury Product and Package Authentication/Integrity Brand Integrity Up-labeling and Mislabeling Deliberate misrepresentation of product of something it is not Packaging/Presentation Consumer Knowledge/Protection Certification Integrity Product Substitution or Repackaging Substitution of similar (generally inferior) product in another brand’s packaging Packaging/Manufacturing Controls Consumer Knowledge/Protection Brand Integrity Ingredient Substitution Unannounced introduction or substitution of inferior product Labeling/Packaging Consumer Knowledge/Perception Brand Integrity Expiry Fraud Changing labels to obscure proper expiration of sales or use date Labeling/Packaging Consumer Knowledge/Perception

9. Chemistry of the Crime of Counterfeiting (Source: Felson, 1998)

12. Top Counterfeited and Adulterated Foods

20. Top Counterfeit Food Products According to 2007 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report, some of the most faked food and drink items include: The OECD report found that alcohol products are the prime targets for counterfeiters in the drinks sector, both because of their brand value and the high tax and excise component of the final price. (Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2007). The Economic Impact of Counterfeiting and Piracy . June 4) Kiwis Milk Powder Butter Baby Food Instant Coffee Alcohol Drinks Confectionary Hi-breed corn seeds

24. Public Health Threat from Fraudulent Food

26. The Food Continuum Economic Threat Public Health Threat Unintentional Intentional (Source: Spink, J. (2006). The Counterfeit Food and Beverage Threat, Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO), Annual Meeting)

27. Food Fraud and Impact on Public Health Health Threat Scenario: Soda Pop Adulteration Counterfeiters substitute a liquid for the corn syrup in the product. The liquid substitute is a sweet-tasting product that could easily be substituted for more expensive syrups used in drugs, food, and other products.

28. Food Fraud and Impact on Public Health Health Threat Scenario: Soda Pop Adulteration The counterfeit syrup passes through three trading companies on three continents. Not one company tests the product. Certificates are falsified for purity and shipment, eliminating the name of the manufacturer and previous owner.

29. Food Fraud and Impact on Public Health Health Threat Scenario: Soda Pop Adulteration Traders buy the product without knowing where it came from/who made it. Could this really happen? What burdens would be placed on public health from such an event?

30. Food Fraud and Impact on Public Health Could this really happen???? It did happen; however, the adulterated product was cough syrup. Diethylene glycol was intentionally substituted for glycerin in cough syrup. The adulterated ingredient traveled from the Yangtze Delta, Beijing to Barcelona, Spain and finally to Panama. ( Source: Bogdanich and Hooker. (2007). From China to Panama, a Trail of Poisoned Medicine. NYTimes)

31. Food Fraud and Impact on Public Health 46 barrels of “syrup” implicated in the matter. Panamanian health officials began a nationwide campaign to confiscate the cough syrup. 1155 bottles of 6774 authorities retrieved were contaminated. Over 350 confirmed deaths as the result of consuming cough syrup – possibly hundreds more but victims were buried before cause was known. ( Source: Bogdanich and Hooker. (2007). From China to Panama, a Trail of Poisoned Medicine. NYTimes)

34. The BIG Problem and The BIG Question

35. Big Problem Counterfeiters attend Anti-Counterfeit Conferences

36. Big Question How do we get consumers and suppliers to participate in the authentication process and NOT desire illicit/illegitimate products at significant cost reductions – particularly in this struggling economy?

37. Multidisciplinary Research Partners Anti-Counterfeit Activities Political Science Social Anthropology IPR Law Consumer Behavior Retailing Info Technology Public Health Forensic Science International Trade Marketing Medicine DO, DVM, MD Food Science Nursing Pharmacology Engineering Pharmacy

38. For additional educational opportunities in this subject area, visit A-CAPPP online www.a-cappp.msu.edu Graduate Degree Credits Certificate Credits Lifelong Education Credits Non-Credit Courses/Seminars/Webinars