1. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
A BULLETIN
RIGHTS (IPR)
FROM
TIFAC
VOL 10, NO. 4, April 2004
Some operational aspects in the UK markets as “Spanish Champagne”. The UK
court ordered the Spanish company to drop the word
of managing Geographical Champagne from the product. The judgment was
Indications given on December 16, 1960. The Spanish company
coined other GI called CAVA which has its own story
The General Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of success. Interestingly, Champagne did not get an
of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) brought the automatic protection in other countries including
protection of geographical indications (GI) to the those in Europe. France had to sign bilateral treaties
forefront of IPR. Developing countries have seen a and private agreements with many countries and
large potential in this form of IPR due to their being industries to avoid unfair use of the appellation.
cradle of many old civilizations which have survived These countries are UK, Spain, New Zealand, Japan
for centuries. New opportunities exist in India as we and Australia. Champagne has also been treated as
now have a legislation in place for protecting GIs. The trademark by some courts. There was a decision in
Indian system has been explained in the IPR Bulletin a German court which did not allow the use of name
from time to time. We still do not have operational Champagne even for non alcoholic drinks like mineral
experience of implementing the Act as the first water.
application seeking GI in respect of Darjeeling tea
What has been done to define Champagne? Just
is pending with the Registrar of GI. There is a lot to
saying that a product has been known for a long time,
be understood from the experience of other countries
one cannot expect to obtain a GI. A great deal of
by the regulators, scientists, farmers, artisans,
home work needs to be done for convincing the
government officials and departments.
authority awarding GI. In case of Champagne following
French Practice steps were taken to mark the geographical location:-
France is the leader in providing GI protection to 1. A region clearly defined is in the north east
wines produced in France especially Champagne. of France
One of the most important features of the French 2. The wine growing area occupies about
system is that the champagne production is regulated 31,000ha.
through a government decree that lays down the wine
growing and wine making criteria which are necessarily 3. Only three varieties are produced namely, pinot
to be met to benefit from the Champagne appellation. noir, pinot meunier and charonnay.
What it really means is that certain quality standards 4. It represents about 15000 growers and 200
and uniqueness basis have to be maintained to get houses. ( The roles of growers and houses are
the benefits. clearly marked).
As is commonly understood that a GI prohibits 5. An annual sale of about 280 bottles in more
others from copying and falsifying your GI. Champagne than 150 countries; the estimated sale is about
faced many cases where other wines started using 1.5 billion euro.
the name Champagne in spite of the fact that such
wines were not produced in the Champagne Region Swiss System
of France. France won a case in the United Kingdom Protection of GI and appellation of origin are
in 1950s when a wine made in Spain started appearing covered under the Swiss law on Improvement of
Contd on...2
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1

2. Contd from...1 This aspect was introduced as an bearing such an appellation had to
Some operational ............. amendment to the Australian Wine be derived from grapes grown in
& Brandy Corporation Act. The the named state or country. Places
Agriculture and Preservation of Farming which were not defined earlier, TTB
Act established the GI Committee
Populations. The objective is to create has established a new type of
as the authority responsible for
a register for geographical names appellation known as American
registering GIs and created the
designating agricultural products – Viticultural Area (AVA) which is a
Register of Protected Names for
natural or processed (including spirits). delimited grape growing area
recording the names of protected
Products included are milk products, distinguished by geographical
GIs. The regulations spell out a
meat including preserved meat, features. An AVA can be used as
number of factors that must be
smoked products, fruits, vegetables a label if at least 85% of the wine
taken into account in dealing with
and bakery products. Switzerland is made from grapes grown inside
a GI application. These factors
did not have an effective system to that AVA. As AVA did not exist
are history of the product, process
protect geographic names until the before 1978, TTB has laid down
etc, geology, climate, harvest dates,
above law was put in place. Emmental criteria for establishing an AVA:-
drainage, water availability, elevation
cheese, a product from Switzerland
and traditional use of the area and
has been imitated widely and this 1. Evidence that the name of the
name. The Australian approach is
could not be stopped in the absence viticultural area is locally and/
different from others in the sense
of a domestic law for protection of or nationally known as referring
that it does not insist on quality or
GI. to the proposed area;
characteristics of the product after
The Swiss law requires a clear a geographical area has been 2. Historical or current evidence
definition of the product and that identified in respect of the product. in support of the boundaries of
the method of obtaining the product It is assumed that the concerned the AVA;
should be described and the limit product will have the desired quality 3. Evidence to the geographical
of the geographical area should be if it comes from the specified features, such as climate, soil
stated in a specification. All fabrication geographical location. Take for and topography, which
steps namely, production, processing example the concept of region distinguish the AVA from the
and preparation, must occur in the associated with a wine. A region surrounding areas; and
designated area. The task of is defined as a single tract of land
controlling the quality and uniqueness that is discrete and homogenous 4. The specific boundaries of the
is entrusted to a certification body in its grape growing attributes to a area.
which exercises control during degree that is measurable and usually US wine appellation system
production, processing and produces at least 500 wine grape only calls for indication of the origin
preparation of the product. This vineyards of at least 5 hectares of grapes used for making the wine
body in Switzerland is Accreditation each that do not have any common and do not imply any quality controls.
and Designation of Test Laboratories ownership. It can be observed that none of the
and Body for Conformity Assessment. criteria for establishing an AVA
It has also been recognized that
US Practice
refers to taste, character or quality
traditional methods for production A formal wine appellation system of wine and there is no organoleptic
of such products may be more was adopted in the USA in 1978 aspect of the US appellation system.
costly. In order to compete effectively and the agency implementing the Further there is no attempt to control
against cheaper products – often act is Alcohol and Tobacco Tax grape varieties or viticultural practices
their own imitations, the market and Trade Bureau (TTB). The multi- through appellation system.
should be made aware of their tiered frame work consists of various
origin, uniqueness and specificity. types of appellations. Each India as compared to most of
The regulations also impose certain appellation can be used as a label the countries mentioned above has
transparent and fairer competition if the prescribed percentage of grapes a large number of items, which
rules. from that area is used to make a may qualify for GIs. India is not
particular wine. (The concept of limited by any one product like
Australian System wine. It is observed that each country
labeling has been continuing from
The Australian system has been 1938. American wine producers has evolved its own way to grant
developed around wines. Prior to had the right to mention on their GI or geographical appellation. Most
1993 Australia did not have any labels geographic origin of the grapes importantly, some countries don’t
law which recognized geographical used for making the wine.) TTB insist on defining the quality of
indications as a protectable property. stipulates that 75% of the wine these products. The fact that the
Contd on...3
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3. Contd from...2 studies on the inheritance of traits, matrices, or gels, yielding typical
Some operational ............. or in the identification of individuals. banding patterns, which constitutes
a DNA fingerprint of the organism’s
product has been grown in that The case study relates to method
genetic makeup.
area is a good enough reason for for DNA fingerprinting and for
grant of a GI. The reason for this detecting specific DNA markers in Restriction Fragments: The
would be that a GI helps the producers genomes ranging from DNA molecules produced by
commercially in gaining a good microorganisms to higher plants, digestion with a restriction
brand value and therefore it would animals and humans. The invention endonuclease are referred to as
be in their interest to ensure that also relates to synthetic DNA restriction fragments. Any given
the quality of the product is maintained molecules and products based genome will be digested by a particular
or else the market preference will thereon which are used in the restriction endonuclease into a
change. In other words the methods of the invention in the discrete set of restriction fragments.
responsibility of maintaining the different fields of application. The The DNA fragments that result from
quality is being left on the producers. invention was patented in USPTO restriction endonuclease cleavage
We have just started implementing by Zabeau et al on April 4, 2000 are separated and detected by gel
the GI Act and ways will have to (US Pat No. 6,045,994). electrophoresis.
be found out to implement the Act DNA fingerprinting is carried Restriction Fragment Length
for the benefit of those who have out using different techniques of Polymorphism (RFLP): The
continued to preserve and produce which RFLP is most common. This genomic DNA of two closely related
traditional products. It can also be technique is time consuming and organisms, for example, will exhibit
seen that the French model has requires probe DNA sequence. The differences in their nucleotide
not been followed by other countries. use of PCR technique for fingerprinting sequence composition at many
Therefore, while implementing the is limited due to the requirement sites. When these differences occur
GI Act, there is a need to be practical of prior sequence information for in the target site for a restriction
and reasonable otherwise the Act designing of primers. The use of endonuclease, the modified-target
will have very little meaning for the random primers as in RAPD site will not be cleaved at that
beneficiaries. Extreme caution is technique does not yield reproducible point. Likewise, a nucleotide
to be exercised while laying down fingerprint patterns. The present sequence variation may introduce
requirements to be satisfied before invention overcomes all the above a novel target site where none exists
a GI is granted. mentioned problems and describes in the other organism, causing the
a much advanced DNA fingerprinting DNA to be cut by the restriction
method. enzyme at that point. Alternatively,
insertions or deletions of nucleotides
Case Study Definitions occurring in one organism between
In the description, a number of two target sites for a restriction
An Advanced DNA scientific terms are used and in endonuclease will modify the
Fingerprinting Technology order to provide a clear and consistent distance between those target sites.
understanding of the specification Because of this, digestion of the
DNA fingerprinting refers to the and claims, the following terms two organism’s DNA will produce
characterization of either similarities are defined: restriction fragments having different
of one or more distinctive features
RestrictionEndonuclease:These lengths. A polymorphism in the
in the genetic make up or genome
are enzymes which recognize short length of restriction fragments
of an individual, a variety or race,
nucleotide sequences, usually 4 produced by digestion of the DNA
or a species. The differences in
to 8 bases in length and cleave the of the two organisms will result.
DNA fingerprints are referred to as
two DNA strands, thereby producing The southern hybridization technique
DNA polymorphisms and the distinct
fragments of DNA of discrete length. is used for detecting polymorphisms
DNA fragments can be used as
Because of their high degree of in these restriction fragments using
DNA markers. DNA polymorphisms
sequence specificity, restriction specific probes.
can be used as
genetic markers in much the same endonucleases will cleave DNA Gel Electrophoresis: To detect
way as other genetic markers: in molecules in a very specific fashion. restriction fragments, analytical
parentage analysis, in genetic The result is that a reproducible method for fractioning double-
set of DNA fragments will be produced. stranded DNA molecules on the
DNA fragments can be fractionated basis of size is required. The most
according to their length on porous Contd on...4
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3

4. Contd from...3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Description of Invention
Case Study ............. be applicable to the detection
This invention comprises
of restriction fragment polym - methods for detecting RFPs,
commonly used technique for
orphisms (RFPs) including length synthetic oligonucleotides for use
achieving such fractionation is gel polymorphisms.
electrophoresis. in the methods of the invention,
2. PCR amplification of restriction kits comprising means for detecting
Synthetic oligonucleotides: fragments no matter whether RFPs, and applications of the
These are single-stranded DNA one knows the nucleotide methods and procedures of the
molecules having preferably from invention for plant and animal
sequence of the ends of the
almost 10 to almost 50 bases, breeding, diagnostics of genetically
restriction fragments or not, can
which can be synthesized inherited diseases, identification
be achieved according to the
chemically. or organisms, and forensic typing,
invention.
Ligation: The enzymatic etc.The general method for
reaction catalyzed by the enzyme 3. The present invention defines production and for identification of
specifically designed primers restriction fragments involves the
ligase in which two double-stranded
and specific methods to direct use of restriction endonucleases,
DNA molecules are covalently joined
together is referred to as ligation. the PCR amplification reaction
in such a way that a controlled
Adaptors: These are short amplification is possible and in
double-stranded DNA molecules, a particular embodiment of the
with a limited number of base pairs, invention, in such a way that
e.g. 10 to 30 base pairs long, only a small subset of tagged
which are designed in such a way restriction fragments is amplified.
that they can be ligated to the
ends of restriction fragments. 4. The present invention also provides
specific PCR primers which
Polymerase Chain Reaction
comprise a constant nucleotide
(PCR): The enzymatic reaction in
sequence part and a variable
which DNA fragments are
synthesized from a substrate DNA sequence part. The selection
in vitro is referred to as PCR. The of the tagged restriction fragments
reaction involves the use of two is determined by the number of
synthetic oligonucleotides called nucleotides residing in the variable
primers, which are complementary sequence part of the primer:
to nucleotide sequences in DNA the selectivity of the primers
molecules which are separated by increases with the number of
a short distance of a few hundred nucleotides in the variable
to a few thousand base pairs, and (selected) sequence part.
the use of a thermostable DNA ligation of synthetic oligonucleotides
5. The underlying principle of the to the restriction fragments, and
polymerase. The simultaneous
invention is that in each Amplified PCR amplification of restriction
amplification of several different
Restriction Fragment two fragments.
fragments is referred to as multiplex
nucleotide sequences are
PCR. The Figure 1 depicts the steps
detected which are separated
of the method of the invention which
DNA Amplification: The term from each other by a given
is described herein. The restriction
DNA amplification is used to denote distance. Each of the two endonucleases cleave genomic DNA
the synthesis of double-stranded nucleotide sequences is molecules at specific sites, target
DNA molecules in vitro using composed of two parts: (a) the sites, thereby generating restriction
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). target site for the restriction fragments. PCR amplification of
The products of the PCR reaction endonuclease and (b) the r e s t r i c t i o n
are referred to as amplified DNA nucleotide sequence adjacent fragments is carried out by first
fragments. to the target site which is included ligating synthetic oligonucl-
Present Invention in the selective primer. eotides (adaptors) to the ends of
6. The method of the invention restriction fragments, thus providing
1. The invention relates more
each restriction fragment with two
particularly to a process and provides a far superior method
common tags which will serve as
means which enable the for multiplex PCR. Contd on...5
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4

5. Contd from...4 synchronously in the PCR reaction. The PCR products obtained in
Case Study ............. In a preferred embodiment of the accordance with the invention can
a anchor base for the primers used invention applicable to genomic be identified using standard
in PCR amplification. For each DNAs of large sizes, a general fractionation methods for separating
type of restriction fragment, specific principle is used to limit the number DNA molecules according to size
adaptors are used, which differ in of restriction fragments which are followed by staining of the DNA
one of the ends so as to allow the to be amplified. This is done by molecules with appropriate agents.
adaptor to be ligated to the restriction preselecting a subset of tagged Alternatively, the primers used for
fragment. Using the enzyme ligase restriction fragments so that only the PCR amplification can be tagged
the adaptors are ligated to the a relatively small number of tagged with a suitable radio-active labelled
mixture of restriction fragments. restriction fragments will be amplified or fluorescent chromophore thus
The adaptors can now serve as during the PCR amplification reaction. allowing the identification of the
templates for the primers used in The present invention also reaction products after size
the subsequent PCR amplification provides specific PCR primers which fractionation.The PCR products are
reaction. In one of the embodiments comprise a constant nucleotide denoted by the term Amplified
of the invention, the restriction sequence part and a variable Restriction Fragments (ARF).
fragment carries the same adaptor sequence part. In the constant Different sets of ARFs are obtained
at both of its ends and a single sequence part the nucleotide with each different selective primer
PCR primer can be used to amplify sequence is designed so that the in the PCR amplification reaction.
the restriction fragment. In another primer will perfectly base pair with The patterns of ARFs identified
embodiment using two different the constant DNA sequence of after separation constitute unique
restriction enzymes to cleave the one of the DNA strands at the end and perfectly reproducible fingerprints
DNA, two different adaptors are of the restriction fragment. The of the genomic DNA.
ligated to the ends of the restriction variable sequence part comprises Example
fragments. In this case two different a randomly chosen nucleotide
PCR primers can be used to amplify The patent application explains
sequence ranging from 1 to 10
such restriction fragments. This the working of the invention using
bases chosen. It is the addition of
step reduces the complexity of six examples which were described
these variable (selected) sequences
the starting mixture of restriction to the ‘3 end of the primers which
fragments and constitutes an will direct the preselection of tagged
enrichment step prior to the PCR restriction fragments which will be
amplification, thereby reducing in amplified in the PCR step. The
certain instances the background. term selective bases is used to
The genome sizes of organisms denote the nucleotides in the variable
vary widely from a few million base sequence part thus showing that
pairs in the case of microorganisms the selection of these bases renders
to several billion base pairs for the primer selective. It must be
animals and plants. Hence, the realized that a tagged restriction
number of restriction fragments fragment will only be amplified
obtained after cleaving genomic when the selective bases of the
DNA molecules with a restriction primers used recognize both
enzyme can vary from a few hundred complementary sequences at the
to several million. Generally, the ends of the fragment. When the
number of restriction fragments is primer matches with only one
so large that it is not possible to end, the amplification will be linear
identify individual restriction rather than exponential, and the
fragments in genomic DNA digests product will remain undetected.
fractionated by gel electrophoresis. In a preferred embodiment, the
Such digests usually produce a number of selective nucleotides
smear of bands. PCR amplification is chosen so that the number of
of tagged restriction fragments thus restriction fragments which will
also produce a smear of bands be amplified is limited to 5 to
since all fragments co-amplify 200.
Fig. (2)
Contd on...6
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5

6. Contd from...5 more AFLPs and the phenotype human, an animal, a plant and
Case Study ............. exhibited by the specific genetic a microorganism.
amplification of DNA of various traits. The methods of the present
3. A method for detecting
Lactuca species with two restriction invention in essence overcomes
similarities between plant or
enzymes. In brief, the genomic the limitations of multiplex PCR,
animal varieties, species,
DNA of various Lactuca species because all the primers used in
cultivars, microorganisms, or
was isolated, digested with PstI the present invention have a
for evaluating genetic diversity
and MseI restriction enzymes and substantial part of their nucleotide
and characterizing such plant
compatible adaptors were ligated. sequence in common.
or animal varieties, species,
The DNAs prepared were used as Claims cultivars, microorganisms
templates for AFLP reactions. Two
primer combinations were used 4. A process for amplification of
The patent document contains
employing a single MseI-primer and at least one restriction fragment
30 claims and several subclaims,
from a target DNA regardless
two different PstI-primers. The the main ones being:
generated fragments were visualized of whether its nucleotide
1. Process for amplification of at sequence is unknown isolating
on denaturing polyacrylamide gels.
least one restriction fragment at least one amplified or
The band patterns obtained are
from a target DNA regardless elongated DNA fragment;
shown in Figure 2.
of whether its nucleotide (h) designing oligonucleotide
Applications sequence is unknown, which primers having a nucleotide
process comprises: sequence according to the at
The present invention provides
(a) digesting said target DNA with least one oligonucleotide primer
a general method for isolating DNA
at least one specific restriction of step (d) wherein the selected
markers from any genome and for
endonuclease to fragment it nucleotide sequence comprises
using such DNA markers in all
into restriction fragments; nucleotide residues which
possible applications of DNA correspond to the first 8-10
fingerprinting. (b) ligating to the restriction nucleotide residues internally
A particular application of the fragments obtained from the adjacent to the restriction sites
present invention involves the target DNA at least one double- at both ends of said DNA
screening and identification of stranded synthetic oligonucl- fragment.
Restriction Fragment Polymorphisms eotide adaptor having one end
which is compatible to be ligated 5. Process for the amplification
(RFP). the method of the present of at least one DNA fragment
invention constitutes a far superior to one or both of the ends of
the restriction fragments to according to claim 11, which
method for detecting RFPs than process comprises an
the RFLP technique. According to thereby produce tagged
restriction fragments of the target additional amplification step
the method of the present invention, of said DNA fragment in the
the analysis of ARF patterns can DNA;
presence of oligonucleotide
be used to define the genetic linkage (c) contacting said tagged primers designed according
of polymorphic ARFs with specific restriction fragments under to step (h) of claim 11.
genetic traits. Such polymorphic hybridizing conditions with at
ARFs are also referred as Amplified least one oligonucleotide primer; The thirty claims were drafted
Fragment Length Polymorphisms to protect every possible feature
(AFLPs) and this term has become (e) amplifying or elongating said of the DNA fingerprinting
widely accepted. tagged restriction fragments technique which included
using said at least one besides those mentioned above
Another application of the oligonucleotide primer in the the length of the adaptor, the
present invention involves the presence of the required number of selective bases of
detection of AFLPs linked to specific nucleotides and DNA the primers, the use of genomic
genetic traits. The application involves polymerase. DNA or complete organism
the analysis of ARF patterns of
2. A process as claimed in claim as starting DNA and all possible
closely related individuals exhibiting
1 wherein said target DNA is utilities of the technique.
differences in the specific genetic
trait and the use of analysis genomic DNA from a biological
techniques that can find correlations sample of an organism selected
between the inheritance of one or from a group consisting of a
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7. Case Law (1) no alterations or omissions shall Section 52(1)(j). Is the defendant
be made without the consent of guilty of violating copyright of the
Copyright of re-recorded copy? the owner other than those which plaintiff in the “version recording”
are reasonably necessary for of “chalo dildar chalo” ?
An interesting case between
adaptation of the work.
Super Cassette Industries (plaintiff) The defendant argued that the
and Bathla Cassette Industries Pvt. (2) “version recording” shall not be plaintiff having admitted that its
Ltd (defendant) was decided sold in the packaging or with any sound recording was covered under
in the Delhi High Court on label which is likely to mislead or Section 52(1)(j) of the Copyright
September 9, 2003 wherein the confuse the public as to its identity. Act, the same is not an original
court had to decide on the rights copyright work but a derivative and
of a party to make “version (3) notice has been given to the
therefore cannot be subject matter
recordings”. owner of original work in the
of copyright. In other words, the
prescribed manner along with copies
defendant’s case is that no licence
In the present case law, the of covers or labels with which the
has been granted by the original
plaintiff, Super Cassettes Industries, sound recording are to be sold.
copyright owner and it is only a
is a producer and marketer of work produced by virtue of Section
pre-recorded audio cassettes and (4) royalties in respect of sound
recording has been paid to the 52(1)(j), which is not entitled to
other records which it sells under independent protection.
original owner at the rate fixed by
the mark/logo T-series. The plaintiff
the Copyright Board.
produced a compilation of old well The plaintiff on the other hand
known Hindi songs under the title The above mentioned conditions argued that it has, by its own
“Yadein” Vol I and Vol II. The were introduced in 1995. labour, invested large amounts of
compilation was a “version recording” money to encourage young singers.
i.e. re-recording of the original work. The plaintiff had produced the Thus, has used sufficient
The specific dispute in this case song under the provisions of Section independent skill and labour to
is over a song “chalo dildar chalo” 52 (1) (j) of the Copyright Act, produce the musical work. The
from the Hindi film ‘Pakeezah’. In 1958 and had paid a sum of record thus produced was a
this case the plaintiff has created Rs 400/- to Mahal Pictures, the substantially new arrangement and/
a “version recording” of this song original owner of the musical work or necessary adaptation of the
by engaging music conductors, “chalo dildar chalo” for producing existing work. Thus, the plaintiff is
musicians, singers to create original 10,000 records. The defendants the owner of copyright in version
musical track of the existing musical had offered to purchase similar sound recording. Therefore, a specific
work. This act of sound recording rights under Section 52 (1) (j) in consent or licence should have
was carried out legally under the respect of the tapes, Yadein Vol I been sought by the defendant to
Section 52 (1) (j) of the Indian & II produced by the plaintiff which include the “version recording” of
Copyright Act. included the song “chalo dildar “chalo dildar chalo” in the compilation.
chalo” from the plaintiff and had
Section 52 of the Indian Copyright accordingly issued a cheque for The court, after hearing
Act contains ‘fair use’ provisions Rs. 1,000/- as 5% royalty prescribed arguments of the parties, held
and the subsection 1, clause j, by the Copyright Board for that, as per Section 52(1)(j),
provides for a statutory license to manufacturing 400 audio cassettes the statutory licence to produce
a person desirous of making a to be sold at Rs. 25/- per cassette. “version recording” was available,
sound recording of an existing musical The plaintiff has objected to the provided the person producing
work by engaging independent artist defendant’s use of its “version such recording undertakes not
to create the same music and use recording” of “chalo dildar chalo”. to make any alterations to the
It has therefore brought this case work without the consent of the
identical lyrics provided the “version
seeking an injunction restraining owner other than those which
recording” is made after two years
the defendant from copying its “version are reasonably necessary for
of the original sound recording.
recording” or re-recording of “chalo adaptation of the work for the
In addition, following conditions dildar chalo”. The dispute centered purpose of making the sound
laid down by Section 52(1)(j) of the around the issue of whether there recording. This is an essential
Copyright Act have to be satisfied. can be an independent right in a condition as laid down in Section
“version recording” created under 52(1)(j), read with Rule 21 of
Contd on...8
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7

8. the Copyright Rules 1959. The infringement relating to their claim
court opined that Rule 21(2)(b) is Litigation Watch on personalized email links sent
relevant and indeed significant • Indian generic drugmaker Dr to users of online payment on 5
provision. It requires any person Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd has September 2002. The lawsuit has
who wishes to act under Section been dismissed after eBay
withdrawn its challenge to the mainUS
52(1) to indicate clearly the alteration completed its acquisition of PayPal
patent on GlaxoSmithKline Plc’s
and omissions, if any, which are and agreed with Tumbleweed on a
anti-nausea drug Zofran. The move
proposed to be made for the
means that Dr Reddy’s will not cross-licensing deal.
adaptation. Thus, the plaintiff's case
was contrary to its own pleadings. attempt to launch a cheap generic (Patent World, February 2004)
On the one hand it has sought to version of the product in the United
States until after the compound • Taiwan Semiconductor
take shelter under “version recording”
patent expires in July 2005. Zofran, Manufacturing Co (TSMC) of Taiwan,
provisions laid down under Section
which is widely used to treat cancer its North American subsidiary and
52(1)(j) to avoid a claim of
infringement. On the other hand, it patients undergoing chemotherapy, WaterTech have filed a suit claiming
has argued that its “version recording” had first-quarter sales of 180 million that Semiconductor Manufacturing
was a substantially new arrangement. pounds ($317 million), of which International Corporation (SMIC)
The court was of the view that a 132 million was sold in the United of China and SMIC Americas infringed
substantial new arrangement cannot States. a number of patents and
fall within such alterations/omissions misappropriated trade secrets from
which are necessary for adaptation. (Reuters, 29 April, 04) the companies. The complaint asks
In other words a substantial new • Bayer has sued Indian generic for injunctive relief and monetary
arrangement cannot be created drugmaker to protect its patent on damages.
without the original owner’s consent. a key antibiotic expected to generate (Patent World, February 2004)
one billion euros ($1.2 billion) in
The court went on to hold that • The Nizza group filed
annual sales. Bayer’s legal move
the plaintiff’s product is a colourable infringement lawsuits against two
came after India’s Dr Reddy’s
imitation of the original musical domain name companies, Network
Laboratories filed an application
soundtrack with some minor and Solutions and Register.Com, for
insignificant variations. This cannot with US regulators for permission
to sell a generic copy of antibiotic infringing their patent entitled “a
be termed as a substantial new
Avelox. Bayer said it had sued Dr method and system of assigning
arrangement. The court dismissed
Reddy’s for infringing its patents identical URL and email addresses
the plaintiff’s application seeking
on Avelox and would defend its to members of a group”. Nizza
an interim injunction holding that
prima facie there is no merit in the franchise strongly. Reddy’s was granted the US patent only a
application. The court was of the application was a “paragraph IV” week before it filed the lawsuit
view that since the plaintiff himself filing, which is used when a generic seeking damages and an injunction
did not have any rights in the law, manufacturer claims it is not against the two companies.
in what is averred to be his infringing a drug patent or that the (Patent World, February 2004)
substantially new product, he cannot patent is invalid. This would allow
be heard to protest when such a the generic drugmaker to start
• Japan’s Sony Corp filed
modus operandi is sought to be infringement suit against Eastman
producing its own generic version
applied to him by the defendant. Kodak Co in the US for digital
of the drug within the patent period.
camera related ten patents. The
The first generic company to file
The above decision had a mixed move follows a suit filed by Eastman
for marketing approval under
reaction from right holders and IP Kodak a month ago against Sony
practitioners regarding the paragraph IV could win a 180-day
for infringing its ten patents related
interpretation of Section 52(1)(j) period of marketing exclusivity for
to digital photography. Sony said
by the court. An appeal has been its version.
its action was not a counter-suit
filed by the plaintiff and is waiting (Gulf News, 30 March,04) and involved different patents than
for hearing in the court.
• The software company the suit filed by Kodak.
Tumbleweed had filed a lawsuit (The Economic Times, 2 April, 04)
against PayPal and eBay for
Contd on...9
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
8

9. Contd from...8 • Frank Zappa’s family has settled Domestic News
Litigation Watch ............. its copyright dispute with Quebec
• Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc, furniture and appliance retailer, n Hordes of Indian pharmaceutical
Florida, a wholly owned subsidiary ‘Ameublements Tanguay’ after the companies are either leaping into
of Ranbaxy Laboratories has won Federal court of Canada announced herbal drugs or planning to do so.
a patent infringement suit brought the judgment that the Quebec retailer
With product patent recognition
against it by GlaxoSmithKline relating had infringed Mr. Zappa’s copyrights
and moral rights. The dispute has coming into force from 2005 in
to Ranbaxy’s Cefuroxime Axetil
been going on for nine years, and India, Indian companies are focusing
product, a generic version of
relates to Ameublements usage on herbal drugs. Nicholas Piramal,
GlaxoSmithKline’s antibiotic ceftin.
GlaxoSmithKline filed the suit in of Mr. Zappa’s song “Watermelon Cipla, Elder Pharma, RPG Life
the US district court of New Jersey in Easter Hay” as background music Sciences, Ranbaxy Laboratories,
in October 2000, and the court in two television commercials aired Lupin Labs and Alkem Labs are
granted a preliminary injunction to in 1995. entering this segment. The herbal
Ranbaxy from marketing its generic (Copyright World, March 2004) medicine market is primarily
version. In 2001, however, Ranbaxy dominated by Himalaya, Dabur,
commercially launched its product • The British Phonographic
Industry (BPI) has agreed an out Charak Pharmaceuticals and a large
after the United States Court of
of court settlement with another number of smaller regional
Appeals vacated the preliminary
injunction. After a full trial, the internet retailer Play.com. BPI companies.
launched legal proceedings late
district court determined that (Business Standard, 29 March, 04)
last year after it discovered that
Ranbaxy’s product does not infringe
GlazoSmithKlines’ patents and the online retailer was sourcing n The controversy over the song
products from outside Europe to Noor-ala-noor of M.F. Hussain’s
Ranbaxy is not required to pay any
sell in the UK. The products had
damages. latest film Meenaxi-a Tale of Three
been cleared for sale outside Europe,
(The Telegraph, 9 April,2004) but by selling them in the UK, the Cities has boosted the pirated CD
BPI argued that Play.com. was market with the demand going beyond
• Japanese technology giant
Fijitsu Ltd has filed a lawsuit against guilty of parallel importing. Play.com the expectations of pirated CD
South Korea’s Samsung SPI Co, has agreed that in future it will only producers. Pirated versions of
alleging patent infringement on basic sell CDs purchased in Europe. Meenaxi are supposed to be doing
technologies for plasma display (Copyright World, March 2004) great business in Chandni Chowk
panels. In a lawsuit filed in Tokyo of Kolkata.
against Samsung’s Japanese unit • The SCO group has filed a
suit against AutoZone for alleged (The Statesman, 23 April, 04)
marketing panels manufactured by
Samsung SDI, Fijitsu was seeking violation of copyright infringement,
in the US district court in Nevada. n The Indian Institute of Chemical
a provisional injunction against the
SCO alleged that AutoZone violated Technology (IICT) has filed 62 patents
import and sale of these products
SCO’s UNIX copyrights by running during the financial year 2003-04
in Japan. In a lawsuit filed in California
against Samsung SDI, and US import versions of the Linux operating system of which 44 are overseas patents.
that contain code, structure,
and sales unit Samsung Electronics (Business line, 5 April, 04)
America Inc, Fijitsu was seeking an sequence and/or organization from
injunction against import and sale of SCO’s proprietary UNIX System V n The Enforcement Branch (EB)
code. It is seeking injunctive relief of Kolkata police seized more than
those products as well as damages
for patent infringement. In the suit to stop further use of copying of
one lakh fake school textbooks of
filed in the United States, Fijitsu the software and damages.
the West Bengal Board of Secondary
claims Samsung SDI infringed 10 (Copyright World, March 2004) Education, worth over Rs.30 lakh.
patents including technology relating
• Fabian Toader claims to have The forged textbooks differed from
to the displays’ colours and the
written the computer code in 2000 the originals in paper quality, cover
Japanese suit is related to technology
while working as a free lancer for page color and lack of corrigenda.
to make panels brighter.
Kazaa and is seeking $25 million
(The Economic Times, 8 April, 04) in compensation from Sherman (The Telegraph, 30 March, 04)
Contd on...16 Contd on...10
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
9

10. Patents for Opposition Contd from...9
The following patent applications have been accepted by the Patent Domestic News .............
Office and published in the Gazette of India. These can now be opposed n National Council of Educational
by filing opposition applications within a period of four months from the Research and Training (NCERT)
dates given. Six digit numbers allotted after acceptance by the Patent has taken action to tackle its
Office are given before the applicant names and patent application textbook piracy. The books will
numbers given in brackets. Names of the branches of the Patent office now find an inclusion of a special
are denoted in the application number, e.g. ‘Bom’ for Bombay branch. water mark of the NCERT logo on
An opposition application should be submitted at the appropriate office each page. NCERT sells close to
where the concerned application was originally filed.
six crore books each year.
(The Tribune, 21 April, 04)
PATENT APPLICANTS INVENTION
A. March 6, 2004 n A study by the US based National
A process for preparation of a
Bureau of Economic Research
192177. Defence Research And
Development Organisation Ministry Of radioprotective herbal formulation from (NBER), a private non-profit research
Defence Government Of India New Delhi podophyllum hexandrum organization, suggests a significant
(253/Del/01)
price rise of patented drugs post-
192178. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, New Process for the preparation of amorphous
2005. The prices of cheaper off-
Delhi (830/Del/01) form of torasemide
patent drugs in the same class
192179. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, New Process for the purification of cilastatin
are also suspected to increase.
Delhi (879/Del/01)
The study cites the example of
192180. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, New An improved process for preparation of
Delhi (1002/Del/01) metformin extended release tablets ciprofloxacin where 200-750% price
inflation is predicted.
B. March 13, 2004
192181. Medtronic Inc, USA A packaging apparatus (The Economic Times, 20 April, 04)
(1116/Del/95)
Switch having a bride member
n Pirated VCDs have been seized
192182. TRW Automotive Electronics
Components Gmbh Co Kg, Germany for recently released Hindi block
(1653/Del/95) busters, porn movies and Tamil
192183. Sulzer Chemtech Ag, Switzerland Liquid distributor for columns films by Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai
(1656/Del/95) police.
192184. Shell Internationale Research A process for preparing 1 3 alkanediols
Maatschappij B V, The Netherlands (New Indian Express, 9 April, 04)
(1730/Del/95)
n Nicholas Piramal India’s request
192185. Becton Dickinson And Company Device for adjusting the length of a
1 Becton Drive Frnklin Lakes New Jersey combined spinal epidural needle and method
for grant of exclusive marketing
07417 1880 USA (1759/Del/95) thereof rights (EMR) to Aablaquin has been
192186. The Gillette Company, USA Razor handle questioned as it has not received
(1842/Del/95) the approval of Drug Controller
192187. Usinor, Germany (1890/Del/95) A device for shaping thin metal products General of India. Aablaquin, an
and a method for continuously determining anti-malaria drug, is a major R&D
the gap between two rolls
product of CSIR which has an
192188. Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, New Process for the preparation of a
exclusive agreement with Nicholas
Delhi (596/Del/2000) bioavailable dosage form of isotretinoin
Piramal for marketing the drug
192189. Showa Denko K K, Japan A process for fluorinating a halogenated
(208/Del/02) hydrocarbon
Nicholas Piramal is still to answer
the Controller’s directive pertaining
192190. CSIR, Delhi (233/Del/02) A process for the preparation of clarified
papaya juice concentrate to the novelty aspect of Aablaquin.
(The Economic Times, 17 April, 04)
192191. Autonomous Technologies A laser beam delivery and tracking
Corporation, USA (625/Del/95) apparatus Contd on...11
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
10

11. 192192. Subroto Ghosh, New Delhi An abrasive wheel Contd from...10
(1085/Del/95)
Domestic News .............
192193. Standipack Private Limited, New A pouch for packaging of mineral oils
Delhi (1086/Del/95) such as kerosene oil
n The Federation of Indian
Chambers of Commerce and
192194. The Chief Controller Research A process for the preparation of ready
Development Ministry Of Defence to use engine coolants Industry’s (FICCI) body to fight
Government Of India New Delhi piracy and counterfeiting, NIPAC
(1296/Del/95)
(National Initiative Against Piracy
192195. Sbl Limited, India Leak proof insert and Counterfeiting) has joined hands
(1558/Del/95)
with the US Chamber of Commerce.
192196. Filter Werk Mann Hummel Gmbh, A fluid filter cartridge
FICCI and the US Chamber of
Germany (1705/Del/95)
Commerce will share analyses of
192197. EVC Technology Ag, Switzerland A method of producing 1 2 dichloroethane
(1819/Del/95) edc by oxychlorination of ethylene legislation, regulations and other
192198. E Khashoggi Industries Llc, USA A method for manufacturing an article
measures taken or proposed to
(1823/Del/95) having a fibre reinforced starch bound combat piracy and counterfeiting
cellular matrix in each country. They have also
192199. Totem Co Ltd, Russia Apparatus for charging shaft furnaces agreed to share critical and relevant
(1862/Del/95)
information, and organize joint public
192200. The Gillette Company, USA A skin engaging device for use in a wet
education programmes. It has also
(1986/Del/95) shaving system
been proposed that a joint conference
192201. Ausimont S P A, Italy A process for obtaining fluoroelastomers
(1825/Cal/96) having improved thermal resistance at
with representatives of industry,
high temperature law enforcement, the courts and
192202. Showa Denko K K, Japan Process for producing flat heat exchange national and state legislatures be
(2248/Cal/96) tubes organized.
192203. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Protection assembly for distribution frame
Germany (541/Cal/97) in a telecommunication system (Financial Express, 26 April, 04)
192204. Navin Prakash Malhotra, W est Razor blade assembly
Bengal (651/Cal/97) International News
192205. Aluminium Pechiney, France A process for the production of alumina
(1096/Cal/97) by electrolysis n There is a proposal in US for
all copyrighted material to carry a
192206. Engelhard Corporation, USA An improved process for preparing an
(1286/Cal/97) azo pigment Federal Bureau of Investigation “Anti-
192207. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Portable data transmission device for Piracy” seal and a warning text
Germany (1297/Cal/97) contact fre transmission of electrical signal informing that copyright infringement
or data to a read write station
is “a serious crime with serious
192208. York International Corporation, A refrigerant recovery system and a consequences”. The FBI warning
USA (585/Cal/98) method for recovering refrigerant in a
refrigeration system on music [films, softwares etc] is
intended to make the consumers
192209. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co An image predictive decoding method
Ltd, Japan (596/Cal/98) learn the do’s and dont's of copying
192210. Ethicon Inc, USA (1030/Cal/98) A method for producing a sterilized article and uploading to the internet.
C. March 20, 2004 (Copyright World, March 2004)
192211. LG Electronics Inc, Republic Of Packaging holder device for positioning n Radio broadcaster GWR in UK
Korea (2020/Cal/96) and protecting a glass tray and rotating
ring within a cavity of a microwave oven is launching a service called “Hear
192212. Seb S A, France (2196/Cal/96) A lid with knob
it, Buy it, Burn it” wherein the
listeners can purchase the tracks
192213. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Bobbin store for textile fibre production
Germany (629/Cal/97) plants played in the radio. Users will need
192214. Fujitsu General Ltd, Japan An air conditioner and control method
to tune in to their local GWR station
(779/Cal/97) for the same Contd on...12
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
11

12. 192215. Eaton Corp, USA (905/Cal/97) A shifting system for a transmission Contd from...11
192216. Cytec Technology Corp, USA A collector composition for flotation of International News ......
(1049/Cal/97) active sphalerite via a digital set or the internet and
192217. Commscope Inc, USA Coaxial cable and method of making same register for the service. They will
(1755/Cal/97)
A process for producing baintic rail steel
then be able to download a CD
192218. Steel Authority Of India Ltd, New of improved quality quality copy of the track by clicking
Delhi (2337/Cal/97) a buy button. The music can be
Antitheft apparatus for motorcycle
192219. Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki saved to a computer hard drive,
Kaisha, Shingai (1846/Cal/98)
Process for preparing a pharmaceutical burned onto a CD or transferred to
192220. American Home Products Corp, composition a MP3 player.
USA (419/Cal/01)
Digital transmission system having a
transmitter and a receiver for transmitting
(Copyright World, March 2004)
192221. Philips Electronics Nv, The
Netherlands (217/Cal/95) a wide band digital auto signal
n The Japanese Patent Office
Digital transmission system having a has made changes in its fee
192222. Philips Electronics Nv, The transmitter and a receiver for transmitting
Netherlands (218/Cal/95) a wide band digital audio signal structure resulting in an overall
reduction of 20%. Though the
An apparatus and a process for producing
192223. E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co, ethylene dichloride cost for requesting an
USA (2172/Cal/96)
Process for smelting reduction of
examination is doubled, the cost
192224. Kawasaki Steel Corp, Japan chromium ore of maintaining the application
(291/Cal/97) for the first few years has been
An evaporator of a refrigerator
192225. Daewoo Electronics Corp, Korea dropped upto 80%. The changes
(615/Cal/97)
Battery separator will apply to any patent filed
192226. Amtek Research In International after 1 April 2004.
Llc, USA (770/Cal/97)
Toothbrush with a replaceable brush
(Patent World, February 2004)
192227. Coronet Werke Gmbh, Germany section
(1179/Cal/97)
n The WIPO-PCT reforms have
192228. Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, Germany Method and apparatus for the production come into effect from 1 January
(1500/Cal/97) of an inductive component
2004. The international filing fee
192229. Eaton Corp, USA (1051/Cal/97) An improved rotary fluid pressure device
does not have a designation
192230. Emami Ltd, Calcutta (87/Cal/01) Process for preparing cream for enhancing component as all countries are
complexion
designated for all types of protection.
192231. International Business Machines A thin film low profile write head The PCT will also offer an enhanced
Corp, USA (718/Mas/95)
search and examination system
192232. Switched Reluctance Drives Ltd, A controller for an electric machine
to check compliance with main
England (782/Mas/95)
patentibility criteria.
192233. Abb Schweiz Holding Ag, A method of producing a varistor having
Switzerland (804/Mas/95) a mixture of a mixed metal oxide powder (Patent World, February 2004)
and zno powder
192234. Inmarsat Ltd, England Apparatus for use in a satellite
n Spain jurisdiction has begun
(894/Mas/95) communications earth station using tdma accepting electronic patent filings
channels via epoline. Finland and France
192235. Mitsubishi Jukogyo Babushiki A wet flue gas desulfurization process are already using the system
Kaisha, Japan (969/Mas/95) and an apparatus thereof
and Germany and the United
192236. Mobile Oil Corp, USA A process for the production of low Kingdom are also joining soon.
(1063/Mas/95) sulfur containing gasoline of high octane
number
Epoline is making good progress
192237. Institut Francais Du Petrole, since 1998 when the electronic
France (1071/Mas/97) A catalyst composition for converting
ethylene to light alpha olefins filing system first took shape.
192238. Sms Schloemann Siemag
Aktiengesellschaft Eduard Schloemann An apparatus for heat treatment of steel (Patent World, February 2004)
wire
Contd on...13
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
12

13. Strasse, Republic Of Germany (1273/Mas/ An adhesive sheet material suitable for Contd from...12
95) use on wet surfaces International News ......
192239. Minnesota Mining And
Manufacturing Co, USA (1275/Mas/95)
A polymer mixture
n The WIPO details on international
patents filed via PCT for the year
192240. Dow Global Technologies Inc, A device for measuring the density of
Michigan (1305/Mas/95) liquefied petroleum gases 2003 showed 110,000 applications
192241. Lpg Equipment Research Centre, A transportable storage stable peroxide with 35% being accounted by the
Bangalore (710/Mas/95) composition US alone. The companies that filed
192242. Akzo Nobel Nv Velperweg, The A process for separating undesired the most patent applications came
Netherlands (940/Mas/95) components from a butyne diol solution from Germany (Siemens, Bosch,
192243. S K Corp, Republic Of Korea An extrusion die assembly Infineon and BASF), Japan
(1039/Mas/95)
(Matsushita and Sony) and the US
192244. Societe Des Produits Nestle, A pre fabricated double skin panel
(3M and Intel)
Switzerland (1203/Mas/95)
192245. Corus Uk Ltd, England Glass gob shearing apparatus (Patent World, March 2004)
(1318/Mas/95)
n Handy Lab Inc, a US company,
192246. Owens Brockwayglass A coffee making machine
Container Inc, USA (1320/Mas/ has developed a prototype for a
95)
Width stretching unit device to confirm the presence of
192247. Tribhuvansimh Amritlal Rathode, infection in fluid samples within 45
Chennai (1326/Mas/95) minutes of testing. The device called
A process for the polymerization of
192248. Kusters Zittauer Maschinenfabrik ethylene with propylene lab-on-a-chip is a use and throw
Gmbh,Germany (1346/Mas/95)
A slide fastner slider chip and its IPR remains with Handy
192249. Enichem Elastomeri Srl, Italy
(1448/Mas/95)
Lab in the US. The company has
already launched the group B
192250. Ykk Corp, Japan (1459/Mas/ A process for converting a
95) hydrocarbonaceous feedstock into lower
Streptococci test used for screening
boiling materials all pregnant women at 35 to 37
D. March 27, 2004 weeks in America.
A method of obtaining a cellulosic textile
192251. Shell International Research, The fabric with reduced tendency to pilling
Netherlands (1562/Mas/95) formation
(Business Line, 21 April, 04)
A process for manufacturing filament n The International Treaty on Plant
192252. Novozy Mes A S A Danish Joint yarns for technical applications by spinning
Genetic Resource for Food and
Stock Co, Denmark (1597/Mas/95) a polymer and a polyester filament yarn
made thereby Agriculture will become a law from
A process for the selective high efficiency June 29 since already 48 countries
192253. A Cordis Industrial Fibers BV,
The Netherlands (1706/Mas/95) hydrogenation of an aromatic hydrocarbon (including India) have ratified it. The
cut
US and 47 other nations have signed
A device for determining the instantaneous
the treaty but not ratified it. The
192254. Institut Francais Du Petrole travel speed of documents
Avenue De Bois Preau, France treaty is to ensure equitable
(78/Mas/96) A process for manufacturing strontium distribution of genetic resources
carbonate of above 99 percentage purity
192255. Ascom Monetel S A Rue Claude and to share the benefits with the
Chappe, France (362/Mas/96)
A novel method for preparation of
ethnic conservators and indigenous
192256. Travancore Chemical crystalline polymorph form ii of sertraline breeders. It will facilitate scientists
Manufacturing Co Ltd, Tamil Nadu hydrochloride to have systematic access to genetic
(1393/Mas/96) A novel recrystallization process for the resources for breeding and research.
192257. Dr Reddy S Laboratories Ltd, preparation of form v of sertraline
hydrochloride It also provides for sharing the profits
Hyderabad (765/Mas/00)
An improved process for conversion of
arising out of the use, including
192258. Dr Reddy S Laboratories Ltd, trans n methyl 4 3 4 dichlorophenyl 1 2 commercialization of new varieties
Hyderabad (768/Mas/00) 3 4 tetrahydro 1 naphthaleneamine to its even by the private sector.
cis n methyl 4 3 4 dichlorophenyl 1 2 3
4 tetrahydro 1 naphthaleneamine an (The Financial Express, 25 April, 04)
intermediate of sertraline hydrochloride
Contd on...14
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
13

14. An exothermic heterogenous catalytic Contd from...13
192259. Dr Reddy S Laboratories Ltd, synthesis reactors International News ......
Hyderabad (819/Mas/00)
A process for producing a hydrowax n The plagiarism detection
192260. Methanol Casale S A, Switzerland
(815/Mas/95)
softwares are becoming increas-
ingly popular along with internet’s
192261. Shell International Research A method of producing a catalyst for
Maatschappij B V, The Netherlands copy-enabling power in order to
reforming or aromatization
(791/Mas/95) restrict white-collared copy-cats.
A rotating catalytic cleaning device for
192262. Chevron Philips Chemical Co, gaseous effluents having polluting
This technology makes a digital
USA (803/Mas/95) substances fingerprint of an entire document
192263. Institut Francais Du Petrole, France A depilatory strip and compares against material on
and Bourcier Jacques, France the internet and other sources to
(1710/Mas/95)
An apparatus for treating particulate check and ensure originality.
192264. Reckitt Colman France, France material with gaseous medium Plagiarism-detection providers
(33/Mas/96)
A method of producing a wear and rolling include iParadigm LLC, Glatt
192265. G Prem Sagar, Pandiaraj Corsley contact fatigue resistant carbide free Plagiarism Services and MyDropBox
Kotagiri, The Nilgris (82/Mas/96) bainitic steel rail
LLC. The clients of this software
192266. Corus Uk Ltd, England Method and apparatus for producing a include companies that produce
(91/Mas/96) tubular container with closure means
instruction or training material,
An apparatus forcontinuously annealing attorneys searching for copyright
192267. Plastech Aps, Denmark amorphous alloy coreswith closed
(186/Mas/96) violations and military agencies
magnetic path
that check officers’ applications
192268. Vijai Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad A method of production of a polyvinyl
(503/Mas/96) ether compound
for promotions.
A process for preparing 5 chloro 1 4 (Deccan Chronicle, 7 April, 04)
192269. Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd, Tokyo fluorophenyl 3 1 2 3 6 tetrahydropyridin
(1319/Mas/97) 4 yl indole n The efforts by a group of developing
192270. H Lundbeck A S, Denmark countries led by India and Brazil to
An improved inflatable bladder thereof
(776/Mas/00) resolve the potential conflict between
the TRIPS
192271. Henry K Obermeyer, USA and Connection element for a diversity reception Agreement and the Convention on
Robert D Eckman, USA (1111/Cal/96) antenna
Biological Diversity (CBD) by
A transducer
192272. Saint Gobain Vitrage, France
bringing amendments to the TRIPS hit
(1640/Cal/96) a major roadblock at the TRIPS Council
Apparatus for determining a high voltage
192273. Noise Cancellation Technologies required for programming and or erasure meet last month. The US and Japan
Inc, USA (1868/Cal/96) in a programmable and erasable read contended that CBD
only semiconductor memory should not be enforced by patent law
192274. Siemens Aktiengesellschaft,
Germany (1950/Cal/96) Receiver for receiving a time domain and the discussions in this
multiplex downlink signal and
regard should take place in WIPO.
communication system and method for
broadcasting of program According to the developing
192275. Worldspace Inc, USA
countries there is a potential disharmony
(2094/Cal/96) A magnetic resonance imaging mri scanner
subassembly between the CBD which recognises
the members’ sovereign rights over
A method of preparing 3 alkoxyphenyl
192276. General Electric Company, USA magnesium chlorides their biological resources namely plants,
(1265/Cal/97) animals and microorganisms and the
A refrigerator in which air curtains are
192277. Grunenthal Gmbh, Germany formed at the cooling compartments TRIPS Agreement which contains no
(247/Cal/97) provisions preventing biopiracy acts.
Apparatus for the biological purification
192278. Daewoo Electronics Corp, Seoul of waster water (The Economic Times, 11 April, 04)
Korea (1057/Cal/97)
A process for preparing extra shine
shampoo Contd on...15
Visit us at www.indianpatents.org.in
14