Helgers, ESC 101

1. Earth Science
Lecture Outline #2: Earth’s
Oceans, Plate Tectonics and
Earth's Ocean Floor

2. The oceans of Earth

3. Earth’s Oceans

4. Views of the
Northern and
Southern
hemispheres

5. Plate Tectonics

6. Earth’s Tectonic Plates

8. Mesosaurus Fossil Remnants

9. Matching
Mountain
Ranges

10. Evidence of
Glaciation

12. Convection

13. Diverging Plates

14. Creation of a
New Ocean
Basin
Atlantic Ocean
following
Pangaea

15. Earth’s Diverging Boundaries

16. Africa’s Red Sea

17. Convergent Boundaries

18. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence

19. Oceanic-Continental Convergence

20. Continental-Continental Convergence

21. Origin of the Himalaya’s

23. Transform
Faults

25. “Hot Spots”

26. 200 million years ago

27. Ocean Floor

28. Echo sounder

29. Multibeam sonar

30. Mapping the ocean floor
Three major topographic units of the ocean
floor
• Continental margins
• Ocean basin floor
• Mid-ocean ridge

31. Continental Passive Margins

32. Continental Slope with Submarine
Canyons

33. Submarine Canyon

34. Abyssal (Deep Sea) Fans

35. Turbidity Current

37. Deep Ocean Trenches

40. Loihi

41. Seamounts and Guyots

42. Development of a
Coral Atoll

45. Bora Bora

47. Oceanic Ridge

48. Hydrothermal Vents

49. Mid Ocean Ridge

50. Major topographic divisions of
the North Atlantic Ocean

51. Ocean Floor Sediments
• Terrigenous Sediment

52. • Biogenous Sediments

53. • Hydrogenous Sediment

55. Turbidity currents

56. Features of a passive
continental margin

57. An active continental margin

58. Distribution of
marine sediments

59. End